!Ora
Korana
khoe-kwadi (khoekhoe)
El korana (!Ora) es una lengua khoekhoe en peligro crítico de extinción del Cabo Norte, hablada en otro tiempo por clanes de pastores de ganado a lo largo de los ríos Orange y Vaal. Al igual que su lengua hermana, el nama, emplea cuatro tipos de chasquidos (clics) y tiene clíticos de persona-género-número (PGN) marcados por género, pero conserva vocabulario khoekhoe arcaico perdido en el nama moderno. Solo sobreviven un puñado de ancianos que aún lo recuerdan.
Dónde se habla
87 palabras esenciales en korana
Fuentes
- Maingard, Louis F. (1962) Korana Folktales: Grammar and Texts. Witwatersrand University Press.
- Du Plessis, Menán (2018) Korana: An Outline of the Phonology and Grammar of an All-but-forgotten Khoekhoe Language. UCT Press, Cape Town.
- Du Plessis, Menán (2019) New Data Concerning the Khoekhoe Language Once Spoken by the Korana. South African Journal of African Languages 39(2).
- Glottolog: Korana
Palabras comparadas
Comparación con otras lenguas de la misma clasificación: khoe-kwadi (khoekhoe)
| Significado | Korana | Nama | Taa | Wichita | Yuchi | Luvio | Aari |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Agua | ǁammi /ǁamːi/ | ǁgam-i /ǁɡamːi/ | ǃqhàa /ǃqʰaː/ | kicʔa /kitsʔa/ | tse /tse/ | wār /waːr/ | noqa /noˈkʼa/ |
| Fuego | ǀʼaeb /ǀʔaeb/ | ǀae-s /ǀaes/ | ǀʼàã /ǀʼãː/ | heːcʔa /heːtsʔa/ | ʼyati /ʔjati/ | pāḫur /ˈpaːxur/ | noha /noˈha/ |
| Sol | sores /sores/ | sores /sores/ | ǁʼân /ǁʼã/ | saːkhirʔa /saːkʰiɾʔa/ | tso /tso/ | 𔖖𔓚 /ˈtiwad/ | háy /haj/ |
| Luna | ǁxãb /ǁxãb/ | ǁkhâb /ǁkʰãːb/ | ǃqhàn /ǃqʰã/ | waːh /waːh/ | shafa /ʃafa/ | 𔓜𔒄𔗦 /ˈarmas/ | arfi /arfi/ |
| Estrella | ǀʼamirob /ǀʔamirob/ | ǀgamiros /ǀɡamiros/ | ǃqʰái /ǃqʰái/ | hiːkwirikʔa /hiːkʷiɾikʔa/ | weʼyv /weʔjʌ̃/ | — /—/ | manka /ˈmanka/ |
| Noche | thũxub /tʰũxub/ | tsuxub /tsuxub/ | ǃnoe /ǃnoe/ | ckhaːrʔa /tskʰaːɾʔa/ | pado /pado/ | — /—/ | tumi /tʼumi/ |
| Lluvia | tūs /tuːs/ | ǀnanub /ǀnanub/ | ǃkxʼôe /ǃkxʼoe/ | — | — | — | doobi /doːbi/ |
| Nieve | abas /abas/ | tsâmaros /tsãːmaros/ | — | hiraːʔa /hiɾaːʔa/ | sta /sta/ | — | — |
| Viento | ǂʼoab /ǂʔoab/ | ǂoab /ǂoab/ | ǂqhùe /ǂqʰue/ | niweʔeːrʔa /niweʔeːɾʔa/ | — | — | — |
| Tierra | ǃhūb /ǃʰuːb/ | ǃhūb /ǃʰuːp/ | ǂkxʼûm /ǂkxʼum/ | — | — | tiyamma- /tijamma/ | fechʼe /feˈtʃʼe/ |
| Piedra | ǀʼuis /ǀʔuis/ | ǀuib /ǀuib/ | — | — | — | assu- /ˈasːu/ | seeni /seːni/ |
| Montaña | ǃareb /ǃareb/ | ǃhommi /ǃʰomːi/ | — | — | — | watti- /ˈwatːi/ | — |
| Mar | huriǁamma /huriǁamːa/ | hurib /hurib/ | — | — | — | — | — |
| Madre | ĩs /ĩs/ | ǁgûs /ǁɡũːs/ | qáe /qae/ | eciyeːh /etsijeːh/ | ditsehæ /ditsehæ/ | anni- /ˈanni/ | inde /inde/ |
| Padre | abob /abob/ | ǁgûb /ǁɡũːb/ | a̰a /a̰a/ | taːtah /taːtah/ | dzetʼe /dzetʼe/ | 𔐞𔑣𔓯𔗔 /ˈtadis/ | baba /baba/ |
| Hija | õas /õas/ | ôas /õas/ | — | — | — | duttariyati- /ˈdutːarijati/ | — |
| Yo | tita /tita/ | tita /titá/ | ń /ŋ̩/ | nacʔih /natsʔih/ | di /di/ | 𔐀 /ˈamu/ | ita /ʔiˈta/ |
| Tú | sats /sats/ | sats /sats/ | a /aː/ | nasʔih /nasʔih/ | tse /tse/ | tu /tu/ | ahna /ahˈna/ |
| Nosotros | sada / sida /sada / sida/ | sada / sida /sada / sida/ | īh /iː/ | — /—/ | ʼõdi / nõdi /ʔõdi / nõdi/ | anzāš /ˈantsaːs/ | wota /woˈta/ |
| Nombre | ǀkxʼonna /ǀkxʼonːa/ | ǀons /ǀòns/ | ǀqʼûle /ǀʛûle/ | hissaːrʔa /hissaːɾʔa/ | tiʼe /tiʔe/ | 𔐓𔓇𔒄𔖪 /ˈalamantsa/ | naami /naːˈmi/ |
| Persona | khoeb /kʰoeb/ | khoe-i /kʰoei/ | tâa /taː/ | ihaas /ihaas/ | — | ziti- /ˈtsiti/ | ed /ʔed/ |
| Cabeza | mũǃʼãb /mũǃʔãb/ | danas /danas/ | ǀnàn /ǀnã/ | — | — | ḫarmaḫi- /ˈxarmaxi/ | mata /maˈta/ |
| Ojo | mũb /mũb/ | mûs /mũːs/ | ǃʼûĩ /ǃʼũĩ/ | kirikʔa /kiɾikʔa/ | gochi /ɡotʃʰi/ | tawi- /ˈtawi/ | aafi /aːfi/ |
| Oreja | ǁnãub /ǁnãub/ | ǂgaes /ǂɡaes/ | — | — | — | tummant- /ˈtumːant/ | qaam /kʼaːm/ |
| Nariz | ǂuib /ǂuib/ | ǂguis /ǂɡuis/ | — | — | — | — | nuki /ˈnuki/ |
| Boca | kxʼamma /kxʼamːa/ | am-s /ams/ | ǂûe /ǂue/ | — | — | āssa- /ˈaːsːa/ | afa /ʔaˈfa/ |
| Diente | ǁũb /ǁũb/ | ǁgûb /ǁɡũːb/ | ǃxu /ǃχu/ | aːkʔa /aːkʔa/ | kẽ /kẽ/ | — /—/ | achʼi /atsʼi/ |
| Lengua | tamma /tamːa/ | nammi /namːi/ | ǃnani /ǃnani/ | hacʼa /hatsʔa/ | kʼẽka /kʼẽka/ | lāli- /ˈlaːli/ | adim /adim/ |
| Mano | ǃʼommi /ǃʔomːi/ | ǃom-mi /ǃomːi/ | ǀkxʼàa /ǀkxʼaː/ | iskʔa /iskʔa/ | weʼothæ /weʔotʰæ/ | 𔑁𔓯𔑶𔖸 /ˈistri/ | aani /ʔaːni/ |
| Pie | ǂaib /ǂʔaib/ | ǂaidi /ǂaidi/ | ǂnùũ /ǂnũũ/ | asʔa /asʔa/ | wedithæ /weditʰæ/ | pāta- /ˈpaːta/ | duuti /duːti/ |
| Corazón | ǂaob /ǂaob/ | ǂgaob /ǂɡaob/ | ǀqʼàn /ǀqʼã/ | sikicʔa /sikitsʔa/ | wethæ /wetʰæ/ | zārt- /tsaːrt/ | buudi /ˈbuːdi/ |
| Hueso | ǂxōb /ǂxoːb/ | ǂkhōb /ǂkʰoːb/ | ǂàã /ǂãã/ | kiːsʔa /kiːsʔa/ | weshʼe /weʃʼe/ | ḫāssa- /ˈxaːsːa/ | lefi /lefi/ |
| Sangre | ǀʼaob /ǀʔaob/ | ǀaob /ǀaop/ | ǃxãu /ǃχãũ/ | waːckicʔa /waːtskitsʔa/ | wi /wi/ | āšḫar- /ˈaːsxar/ | qase /ˈkʼase/ |
| Amor | ǀnām /ǀnaːm/ | ǀnam /ǀnam/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | azza- /ˈatsːa/ | — /—/ |
| Árbol | hais /hais/ | hai-s /hais/ | ʼʘnàje /ʔʘnaje/ | tiyaːhkw /tijaːhkʷ/ | ʼya /ʔja/ | — /—/ | ahqe /ahːˈkʼe/ |
| Perro | arib /arib/ | arib /arib/ | ǂqhài /ǂqʰai/ | kiciyeːh /kitsijeːh/ | dzene /dzene/ | zuwana- /tsuˈwana/ | aksi /ˈʔaksi/ |
| Gato | — /—/ | ǀores /ǀores/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Pez | ǁʼaub /ǁʔaub/ | ǁaub /ǁaub/ | ǀqhaa /ǀqʰaa/ | kaːcʔa /kaːtsʔa/ | shu /ʃu/ | — /—/ | toila /toila/ |
| Pájaro | kxʼanis /kxʼanis/ | anis /anis/ | — | ichir /itsʰiɾ/ | — | — | afti /afti/ |
| Caballo | hāb /haːb/ | hāb /haːb/ | — | — | — | azzu- /ˈatsːu/ | — |
| Casa | kxʼommi /kxʼomːi/ | oms /oms/ | — /—/ | akhaːrʔa /akʰaːɾʔa/ | yufa /jufa/ | 𔔙𔐤𔖪 /ˈparnantsa/ | — /—/ |
| Leche | bīb /biːb/ | bis /bis/ | gǂqhèẽ /ɡǂqʰeẽ/ | — | — | — | — |
| Miel | danis /danis/ | danis /danis/ | — | — | — | malli- /ˈmalːi/ | — |
| Sal | ǂkxʼōb /ǂkxʼoːb/ | ǂōb /ǂoːp/ | — | — | — | — | sooq /soːkʼ/ |
| Vino | ǀkxʼabaǃxarib /ǀkxʼabaǃxarib/ | ǂauxûi-i /ǂauxũĩi/ | — | — | — | maddu- /ˈmatːu/ | — |
| Hierro | ǀkxʼurib /ǀkxʼurib/ | ǀurib /ǀurib/ | — | — | — | — | — |
| Rueda | ǃnaris /ǃnaris/ | ǀnūs /ǀnuːs/ | — | — | — | — | — |
| Libro | ǂxanis /ǂxanis/ | ǂkhanis /ǂkʰanis/ | — | — | — | — | — |
| Comer | ǂʼũ /ǂʔũ/ | ǂû /ǂũː/ | ʼâã /ʔãː/ | kaʔac /kaʔats/ | gothlæ /ɡoɬæ/ | ad- /ad/ | — /—/ |
| Beber | kxʼā /kxʼaː/ | ā /aː/ | kxʼāhã /kxʼaːhã/ | kikʔa /kikʔa/ | pʼe /pʼe/ | ū- /uː/ | — /—/ |
| Dormir | ǁʼom /ǁʔom/ | ǁom /ǁom/ | ʘân /ʘã/ | — | — | — | — |
| Uno | ǀui /ǀui/ | ǀgui /ǀɡui/ | ǂʼûã /ǂʼũã/ | chiʔass /tsʰiʔass/ | hitʼe /hitʼe/ | — /—/ | wollaq /ˈwolːakʼ/ |
| Dos | ǀam /ǀam/ | ǀgam /ǀɡàm/ | ǂnûm /ǂûm/ | wic /wits/ | nõwe /nõwe/ | — /—/ | qasken /kʼasˈken/ |
| Tres | ǃnona /ǃnona/ | ǃnona /ǃnoná/ | ǁaeˀe /ǁaeʔe/ | taw /taw/ | nǫkæ /nõkæ/ | tarri- /ˈtarːi/ | makken /makːen/ |
| Cuatro | haka /haka/ | haka /haka/ | — | taːkwic /taːkʷits/ | — | māuwa- /ˈmaːuwa/ | oydi /ojdi/ |
| Cinco | koro /koro/ | koro /koro/ | — | — | chʼwahe /tʃʼwahe/ | panta /ˈpanta/ | donq /donkʼ/ |
| Hola | — /—/ | matisâ /matisãː/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Gracias | — /—/ | aios /aios/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Bueno | ǃãi /ǃãi/ | ǃgâib /ǃɡãĩb/ | — /—/ | acs /atss/ | sæle /sæle/ | 𔖢 /ˈwaːsu/ | laqami /lakʼaˈmi/ |
| Nuevo | ǀʼāsa /ǀʔaːsa/ | ǀasa /ǀasa/ | — | — | — | nāwa- /ˈnaːwa/ | killa /kilːˈa/ |
| Rojo | ǀkxʼaba /ǀkxʼaba/ | ǀapa /ǀapa/ | ǀàa /ǀàa/ | kwhaːc /kʷʰaːts/ | tshyathla /tsʰjaɬa/ | — /—/ | zeymi /zejˈmi/ |
| Blanco | xati /xati/ | ǃuri /ǃuri/ | — | — | — | — | — |
| Negro | ǂnū /ǂnuː/ | ǂnu /ǂnu/ | — | — | — | — | chʼelmi /tʃʼelˈmi/ |
| Verde | ǃkxʼam /ǃkxʼam/ | ǃgam /ǃɡam/ | ᶢǀa̤ʕi /ᶢǀa̤ʕi/ | — | — | — | — |
| Azul | ǃnoa /ǃnoa/ | ǃhoa /ǃʰoa/ | ᶢǀa̤ʕi /ᶢǀa̤ʕi/ | — | — | — | — |
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