Kalenjin
Nilo-sahariano (Eastern Sudanic, Nilotic, Southern Nilotic — gruppo kalenjin)
Il kalenjin è un gruppo di lingue nilotiche meridionali della famiglia nilo-sahariana, parlato dai Kalenjin soprattutto nella regione della Rift Valley in Kenya, con comunità minori in Uganda e Tanzania. Conta circa 5 milioni di parlanti e comprende varietà strettamente imparentate come nandi, kipsigis, keiyo, tugen, marakwet e sabaot. Scritto in alfabeto latino, è una lingua tonale e, come le altre lingue nilotiche, usa l'armonia vocalica basata sulla posizione della radice della lingua (ATR).
Dove si parla
87 parole essenziali in kalenjin
Fonti
- Kalenjin Bible (KAPR / Kalenjin DC Bible), Bible Society of Kenya, bible.com versions 1585/1586; Old Kalenjin Bible (BUKUIT), bible.com version 2927
Parole a confronto
Confronto con lingue della stessa classificazione: Nilo-sahariano (Eastern Sudanic, Nilotic, Southern Nilotic — gruppo kalenjin)
| Significato | Kalenjin | Samburu | Maa | Asu | Luo | Bari | Makonde |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acqua | beek /beːk/ | nkare /ŋkare/ | ɛŋare /ɛŋare/ | mende /mende/ | pi /pi/ | piong /piɔŋ/ | medi /medi/ |
| Fuoco | maat /maːt/ | nkima /ŋkima/ | ɛnkima /ɛŋkima/ | mshika /mʃika/ | mach /matʃ/ | kima /kima/ | moto /moto/ |
| Sole | asis /asis/ | lakwa /lakʷa/ | enkolong /eŋkoloŋ/ | idhuva /iðuʋa/ | chiengʼ /tʃiɛŋ/ | kolor /kolor/ | liduva /liduva/ |
| Luna | arawa /arawa/ | lapa /lapa/ | olapa /olapa/ | mwezi /mwezi/ | dwe /dwe/ | yapa /japa/ | mwedi /mwedi/ |
| Stella | kokeel /kokeːl/ | lakira /lakira/ | olakira /olakira/ | nyenyeri /ɲeɲeri/ | sulwe /sulwɛ/ | kaserokoti /kaserokoti/ | inondwa /inondwa/ |
| Notte | kemeut /kemeut/ | kewarie /kɛwarie/ | kewarie /kɛwarie/ | usiku /usiku/ | otieno /otiɛno/ | tukwaje /tukʷaje/ | chilo /tʃilo/ |
| Pioggia | robta /robta/ | nchan /ntʃan/ | ɛnchan /ɛntʃan/ | mvua /mvua/ | koth /kɔθ/ | kudu /kudu/ | imbula /imbula/ |
| Neve | teluchi /telutʃi/ | — | empaso /empaso/ | chasheru /tʃaʃeru/ | theluji /θeluʒi/ | luru lo lilik /luru lo lilik/ | — |
| Vento | usoonet /usoːnet/ | siwuo /siwuo/ | olkutati /olkʊtati/ | mpeho /mpeho/ | yamo /jamo/ | köbuŋöt /kɔbuŋɔt/ | lipungo /lipuŋɡo/ |
| Terra | ng'ung'unyek /ŋuŋuɲek/ | nkop /ŋkop/ | enkop /eŋkop/ | isanga /isaŋɡa/ | lowo /loːwo/ | kak /kak/ | ulongo /uloŋɡo/ |
| Pietra | koita /koita/ | soit /soit/ | osoit /oˈsoit/ | ibwe /ibwe/ | kidi /ˈkidi/ | ŋurupit /ŋurupit/ | liyanga /lijaŋɡa/ |
| Montagna | tulwet /tulwet/ | ldonyuo /ldoɲuo/ | oldoinyo /oldoiɲo/ | ntuvi /ntuvi/ | got /ɡɔt/ | mere /mere/ | lichinga /litʃiŋɡa/ |
| Mare | nyanjet /ɲandʒet/ | mpaso /mpaso/ | enaiposha /enaipoʃa/ | bahari /bahari/ | nam /nam/ | tör na balang /tɔr na balaŋ/ | bahali /bahali/ |
| Madre | kamet /kamet/ | yieyo /jiejo/ | yieyio /jiejio/ | mama /mama/ | mama /mama/ | ŋote /ŋote/ | mama /mama/ |
| Padre | kwanda /kwanda/ | papa /papa/ | papa /papa/ | baba /baba/ | baba /baba/ | baba /baba/ | baba /baba/ |
| Figlia | chepto /tʃepto/ | ntito /ntito/ | entito /entito/ | mwana wa kibora /mwana wa kibora/ | nyar /ɲar/ | ŋuro nakwan /ŋuro nakʷan/ | nahaku /nahaku/ |
| Io | anee /aneː/ | nanu /nanu/ | nanʉ /nanʊ/ | mine /mine/ | an /an/ | nan /nan/ | une /une/ |
| Tu | inyee /iɲeː/ | iye /ije/ | iyie /ijie/ | uwe /uwe/ | in /in/ | do /do/ | uve /uve/ |
| Noi | acheek /atʃeːk/ | iyioo /ijioː/ | iyiook /ijioːk/ | uswi /uswi/ | wan /wan/ | yi /ji/ | hwetu /hwetu/ |
| Nome | kaina /kaina/ | nkarna /ŋkarna/ | enkarna /eŋkarna/ | izina /izina/ | nying /ɲiŋ/ | karin /karin/ | lina /lina/ |
| Persona | chiito /tʃiːto/ | ltungani /ltuŋani/ | oltungani /oltuŋani/ | mntu /mntu/ | dhano /ðano/ | ŋutu /ŋutu/ | munu /munu/ |
| Testa | metit /metit/ | nkue /ŋkue/ | ɛlukunya /ɛlʊkʊɲa/ | mtwi /mtwi/ | wich /witʃ/ | kwe /kʷe/ | muti /muti/ |
| Occhio | konda /konda/ | nkoŋu /ŋkoŋu/ | ɛŋɔŋu /ɛŋɔŋu/ | iiso /iːso/ | wangʼ /waŋ/ | kongi /koŋɡi/ | liso /liso/ |
| Orecchio | itit /itit/ | nkiook /ŋkiˈoːk/ | enkiook /ɛnkiˈoːk/ | isikio /isikio/ | it /it/ | swot /swot/ | likutu /likutu/ |
| Naso | serut /serut/ | nkume /ŋkume/ | enkume /ɛnˈkume/ | fua /fua/ | um /um/ | kume /kume/ | imula /imula/ |
| Bocca | kutit /kutit/ | nkutuk /ŋkutuk/ | enkutuk /ɛŋkʊtʊk/ | momo /momo/ | dhok /ðok/ | kutuk /kutuk/ | kanya /kaɲa/ |
| Dente | kelet /kelet/ | lalai /lalai/ | olalai /olalai/ | jino /dʒino/ | lak /lak/ | kele /kele/ | lino /lino/ |
| Lingua | ngelyepta /ŋeljepta/ | lngejep /lŋɛɟɛp/ | olngejep /ɔlŋɛɟɛp/ | ulimi /ulimi/ | lep /lɛp/ | ŋadap /ŋadap/ | lulimi /lulimi/ |
| Mano | eut /eut/ | nkaina /ŋkaina/ | ɛŋaina /ɛŋaina/ | mkono /mkono/ | lwedo /lwɛdo/ | könin /kɔnin/ | nkono /nkono/ |
| Piede | keldo /keldo/ | nkeju /ŋkedʒu/ | enkeju /ɛnkɛdʒʊ/ | ivunda /ivunda/ | tielo /tiɛlo/ | moköt /mokɔt/ | likambatu /likambatu/ |
| Cuore | muguleldo /muɡuleldo/ | ltau /ltau/ | oltau /oltau/ | ngiti /ŋɡiti/ | chuny /tʃuɲ/ | töili /tɔili/ | ntima /ntima/ |
| Osso | kowet /kowet/ | loito /loito/ | oloito /oloito/ | ivindi /ivindi/ | chogo /tʃoɡo/ | kuyutio /kujutio/ | ligwangwa /liɡwaŋɡwa/ |
| Sangue | korotik /korotik/ | lodo /loɗo/ | osarge /osarɡe/ | sakame /sakame/ | remo /rɛmo/ | rima /rima/ | myadi /mjadi/ |
| Cacca | ng'atatek /ŋatatek/ | nkik /ŋkik/ | inkik /iŋkik/ | — | chieth /tʃiɛθ/ | korodo /korodo/ | mavi /mavi/ |
| Amore | chamyet /tʃamjet/ | eitalu /eitalu/ | eitalu /eitalu/ | lumba /lumba/ | hera /hera/ | nyar /ɲar/ | kupenda /kupenda/ |
| Albero | keetit /keːtit/ | lchani /ltʃani/ | olchani /oltʃani/ | mti /mti/ | yath /jaθ/ | ködini /kɔdini/ | nnandi /nːandi/ |
| Cane | ses /ses/ | ldia /ldia/ | oldia /oldia/ | mbwa /mbwa/ | guok /ɡuok/ | ’dioŋ /ɗioŋ/ | nshenye /nʃeɲe/ |
| Gatto | paka /paka/ | paka /paka/ | paka /paka/ | paka /paka/ | paka /paka/ | lupa /lupa/ | imaaka /imaːka/ |
| Pesce | njiryot /ndʒirjot/ | singirr /siŋɡirː/ | osingirri /osiŋɡirːi/ | samaki /samaki/ | rech /rɛtʃ/ | sumuti /sumuti/ | homba /homba/ |
| Uccello | taritiet /taritiet/ | nkueenyi /ŋkuɛːɲi/ | motonyi /moˈtoɲi/ | ideghe /ideɣe/ | winyo /wiɲo/ | kwenti /kʷenti/ | chuni /tʃuni/ |
| Farfalla | taburburiet /taburburiet/ | — | ɔsampurimpuri /ɔsampurimpuri/ | — | oguyo /oɡujo/ | — | lipuluputu /lipuluputu/ |
| Uovo | mayaiyat /majaijat/ | mboliboli /mboliboli/ | olmosori /olmosori/ | igi /iɡi/ | tongʼ /toŋ/ | katulukuti /katulukuti/ | liye /lije/ |
| Cavallo | mbartanyit /mbartaɲit/ | mbarta /mbarta/ | ɛmbarta /ɛmbarta/ | farasi /farasi/ | faras /faras/ | kusan /kusan/ | falasi /falasi/ |
| Casa | gaa /ɡaː/ | nkang /ŋkaŋ/ | engʼaji /ɛŋadʒi/ | nyumba /ɲumba/ | ot /ot/ | kadi /kadi/ | ing'ande /iŋande/ |
| Latte | chego /tʃeɡo/ | kule /kule/ | kule /kule/ | mavee /maveː/ | chak /tʃak/ | le /le/ | mavele /mavele/ |
| Miele | kumyat /kumjat/ | naicho ee lotoro /naitʃo eː lotoro/ | enaisho /enaiʃo/ | nzoke /nzoke/ | mor kich /mor kitʃ/ | siwatat /siwatat/ | uchi /utʃi/ |
| Sale | munyek /muɲek/ | nkisiicho /ŋkisiːtʃo/ | ɛmunyan /ɛmuɲan/ | munyu /muɲu/ | chumbi /tʃumbi/ | alang /alaŋ/ | munyu /muɲu/ |
| Vino | divai /divai/ | naichuo e lmusabibu /naitʃuo e lmusabibu/ | enaisho oo sabibu /enaiʃo oː sabibu/ | mvinyo /mviɲo/ | divai /divai/ | binyo /biɲo/ | divayi /divaji/ |
| Ferro | karnet /karnet/ | senkei /seŋkei/ | olchuma /ɔltʃʊma/ | kighera /kiɣera/ | nyinyo /ˈɲiɲo/ | witi /witi/ | chitale /tʃitale/ |
| Ruota | tireet /tireːt/ | — | enkeju /ɛnkɛdʒʊ/ | — | nyange /ɲaŋe/ | — /—/ | — |
| Seta | aririt /aririt/ | — | — | hariri /hariri/ | las /las/ | kaririat /kaririat/ | halili /halili/ |
| Libro | bukuit /bukuit/ | mbuku /mbuku/ | embuku /embuku/ | kitabu /kitabu/ | buk /buk/ | buk /buk/ | chitabu /tʃitabu/ |
| Mangiare | am /am/ | anya /aɲa/ | anya /aɲa/ | kurya /kurja/ | chiemo /tʃiemo/ | nyesu /ɲesu/ | kulya /kuʎa/ |
| Bere | ee /eː/ | oŋg /oŋɡ/ | oŋg /oŋɡ/ | kunwa /kunwa/ | madho /maðo/ | möju /mɔju/ | kukumbila /kukumbila/ |
| Dormire | ru /ru/ | airura /airura/ | airura /airʊra/ | kushinjia /kuʃindʒia/ | nindo /nindo/ | doto /doto/ | kugona /kuɡona/ |
| Uno | agenge /aɡeŋe/ | obo /obo/ | obo /obo/ | imwe /imwe/ | achiel /atʃiɛl/ | geleŋ /ɡeleŋ/ | nimo /nimo/ |
| Due | aeng /aeŋ/ | aare /aːre/ | aare /aːre/ | avili /aβili/ | ariyo /arijo/ | murek /murek/ | vavili /vaʋili/ |
| Tre | somok /somok/ | uni /uni/ | uni /uni/ | adatu /adatu/ | adek /adek/ | musala /musala/ | nnaatu /nːaːtu/ |
| Quattro | angwan /aŋwan/ | ongwan /oŋwan/ | ongwan /oŋwan/ | — | angʼwen /aŋwɛn/ | ŋwan /ŋwan/ | ncheche /ntʃetʃe/ |
| Cinque | muut /muːt/ | imiet /imiet/ | imiet /imiɛt/ | — | abich /abitʃ/ | mukanat /mukanat/ | mwaanu /mwaːnu/ |
| Cento | bogol /boɡol/ | ip /ip/ | ip /iːp/ | ighana /iɣana/ | mia /mia/ | mia /mia/ | miya /miːja/ |
| Ciao | chamege /tʃameɡe/ | sopa /sopa/ | sopa /sopa/ | shiloi /ʃiloi/ | misawa /misawa/ | madaŋ /madaŋ/ | nakushukuru /nakuʃukuɾu/ |
| Grazie | kongoi /koŋoi/ | ashe /aʃe/ | ashe /aʃe/ | mwasanga /mwasaŋɡa/ | erokamano /erokamano/ | tinate /tinate/ | nashukuru /naʃukuɾu/ |
| Buono | karaaran /karaːran/ | supat /supat/ | sidai /sidai/ | mwamba /mwamba/ | maber /maber/ | ’but /ɓut/ | mbone /mbone/ |
| Nuovo | leel /leːl/ | ŋejuk /ŋedʒuk/ | ŋejuk /ŋedʒuk/ | shaa /ʃaː/ | manyien /maɲien/ | ludukotyo /ludukotjo/ | chahambi /tʃahambi/ |
| Rosso | birirben /birirben/ | nanyokie /naɲokie/ | nanyokie /naɲokie/ | nkundu /nkundu/ | makwar /makwar/ | lotor /lotor/ | nahuvi /nahuvi/ |
| Bianco | leel /leːl/ | naibor /naiˈbor/ | naibor /naibor/ | jewa /dʒewa/ | rachar /ratʃar/ | lokwe /lokwe/ | naswe /naswe/ |
| Nero | tuui /tuːi/ | narok /narok/ | narok /narok/ | jiru /dʒiru/ | ratengʼ /ratɛŋ/ | lurwö /lurwɔ/ | napi /napi/ |
| Verde | nyalil /ɲalil/ | nanyori /naɲori/ | nanyori /naɲori/ | — | — | loŋem /loŋem/ | — |
| Blu | arus /arus/ | kapatei /kapatei/ | pus /pus/ | — | rambulu /rambulu/ | lomurye /lomurje/ | — |
| 99 | tamanwogik sogol ak sogol /tamanwoɡik soɡol ak soɡol/ | ntomoni saal o saal /ntomoni saːl o saːl/ | ntomoni naaudo o naaudo /ntomoni naːudo o naːudo/ | makumi kenda na kenda /makumi kenda na kenda/ | piero ochiko gochiko /piero otʃiko ɡotʃiko/ | merya buŋwan wot buŋwan /merja buŋwan wot buŋwan/ | tisini na tisa /tisini na tisa/ |
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