Dholuo
Luo
Nilo-sahariano (Western Nilotic)
Il luo (dholuo) è la lingua dei Luo che vivono intorno al lago Vittoria, quarto gruppo etnico del Kenya (dopo Kikuyu, Luhya e Kalenjin), con circa 4 milioni di parlanti nel Kenya occidentale (Nyanza) e nella Tanzania nord-occidentale (Mara). Appartiene al ramo nilotico occidentale della famiglia nilo-sahariana ed è imparentato con l'acholi, il lango, l'alur e con le lingue luo del Sud Sudan (anyuak, shilluk). Il luo presenta toni, un'armonia vocalica basata sull'ATR (advanced tongue root, radice linguale avanzata) e un contrasto aspettuale perfettivo/imperfettivo a quattro termini, insolito tra le lingue nilo-sahariane. Tra i parlanti luo celebri figurano il presidente statunitense Barack Obama (la famiglia paterna) e il leader dell'opposizione keniana Raila Odinga.
Dove si parla
87 parole essenziali in luo
chokolet
Fonti
Parole a confronto
Confronto con lingue della stessa classificazione: Nilo-sahariano (Western Nilotic)
| Significato | Luo | Acholi | Lango | Anuak | Nuer | Dinka | Swahili |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acqua | pi /pi/ | pii /piː/ | pii /piː/ | pii /piː/ | pi /pi/ | piu /piu/ | maji /madʒi/ |
| Fuoco | mach /matʃ/ | mac /matʃ/ | mac /matʃ/ | mac /matʃ/ | mäc /mɛtʃ/ | mac /matʃ/ | moto /ˈmoto/ |
| Sole | chiengʼ /tʃiɛŋ/ | ceng /tʃɛŋ/ | ceŋ /tʃɛŋ/ | ceeŋ /tʃeːŋ/ | caŋ /tʃaŋ/ | akɔ̈l /akɔl/ | jua /dʒua/ |
| Luna | dwe /dwe/ | dwe /dwe/ | dwe /dwe/ | dwee /dweː/ | pay /paj/ | pɛɛi /pɛːi/ | mwezi /ˈmwezi/ |
| Stella | sulwe /sulwɛ/ | lakalatwe /lakalatwɛ/ | lakalatwe /lakalatwɛ/ | cero /tʃero/ | räl /ral/ | kuel /kwɛl/ | nyota /ˈɲota/ |
| Notte | otieno /otiɛno/ | dyewor /dʲɛwor/ | owuor /owuor/ | wɛr /wɛr/ | wɛr /wɛr/ | wakɔu /wakɔu/ | usiku /usiku/ |
| Pioggia | koth /kɔθ/ | kot /kot/ | kot /kot/ | — | nhiaal /n̪iaːl/ | deng /deŋ/ | mvua /ˈmvua/ |
| Neve | theluji /θeluʒi/ | — | — | — | — | — | theluji /θeˈludʒi/ |
| Vento | yamo /jamo/ | yamo /jamo/ | yamo /jamo/ | yamo /jamo/ | jiom /dʒiom/ | yom /jom/ | upepo /uˈpepo/ |
| Terra | lowo /loːwo/ | ngom /ŋɔm/ | ngom /ŋom/ | — | piny /piɲ/ | piny /pinʲ/ | udongo /uˈdoŋɡo/ |
| Pietra | kidi /ˈkidi/ | kidi /kidi/ | gweŋ /ɡweŋ/ | kidi /kidi/ | päm /pam/ | kuur /kuːr/ | jiwe /ˈdʒiwe/ |
| Montagna | got /ɡɔt/ | got /ɡot/ | kidi /kidi/ | — | — | gɔ̈ɔ̈t /ɡɔːt/ | mlima /ˈmlima/ |
| Mare | nam /nam/ | nam /nam/ | nam /nam/ | — | bar /bar/ | — | bahari /baˈhari/ |
| Madre | mama /mama/ | mego /meɡo/ | mego /meɡo/ | min /min/ | maar /maːr/ | man /man/ | mama /ˈmama/ |
| Padre | baba /baba/ | baba /baba/ | papo /papo/ | waad /waːd/ | gwaar /ɡwaːr/ | wun /wun/ | baba /ˈbaba/ |
| Figlia | nyar /ɲar/ | nya /ɲa/ | nya /ɲa/ | — | nya /ɲa/ | nyan /ɲan/ | binti /binti/ |
| Io | an /an/ | an /an/ | an /an/ | än /an/ | ɣän /ɣan/ | ɣɛn /ɣɛn/ | mimi /ˈmimi/ |
| Tu | in /in/ | in /in/ | yin /jin/ | in /in/ | jin /jin/ | yïn /jin/ | wewe /ˈwewe/ |
| Noi | wan /wan/ | wan /wan/ | wan /wan/ | wän /wan/ | kɔn /kɔn/ | ɣok /ɣɔk/ | sisi /ˈsisi/ |
| Nome | nying /ɲiŋ/ | nying /ɲiŋ/ | nying /ɲiŋ/ | nyiŋ /ɲiŋ/ | ciot /tɕɔːt/ | rin /rin/ | jina /ˈdʒina/ |
| Persona | dhano /ðano/ | dano /dano/ | dano /dano/ | — | raan /raːn/ | raan /raːn/ | mtu /ˈmtu/ |
| Testa | wich /witʃ/ | wic /witʃ/ | wic /witʃ/ | wic /witʃ/ | wic /witʃ/ | nhom /n̪om/ | kichwa /ˈkitʃwa/ |
| Occhio | wangʼ /waŋ/ | wang /waŋ/ | waŋ /waŋ/ | waang /waːŋ/ | waŋ /waŋ/ | nyin /ɲin/ | jicho /dʒitʃo/ |
| Orecchio | it /it/ | it /it/ | it /it/ | yith /jiθ/ | jith /dʒiθ/ | yith /jic/ | sikio /sikio/ |
| Naso | um /um/ | um /um/ | um /um/ | wum /wum/ | wum /wum/ | wum /wum/ | pua /ˈpua/ |
| Bocca | dhok /ðok/ | dog /doɡ/ | dog /doɡ/ | — | thok /t̪ɔk/ | thok /t̪ɔk/ | mdomo /mˈɗomo/ |
| Dente | lak /lak/ | lak /lak/ | lak /lak/ | leo /leo/ | lei /lei/ | lec /letʃ/ | jino /dʒino/ |
| Lingua | lep /lɛp/ | leb /lɛb/ | leb /lɛb/ | lɛph /lɛpʰ/ | lɛp /lɛpʰ/ | liep /liep/ | ulimi /ulimi/ |
| Mano | lwedo /lwɛdo/ | cing /tʃiŋ/ | cing /tʃiŋ/ | cing /tʃiŋ/ | tet /tet/ | cin /tʃin/ | mkono /mˈkono/ |
| Piede | tielo /tiɛlo/ | tyen /tʲɛn/ | tyen /tjɛn/ | tielo /tielo/ | cio̱o̱k /tɕɔːk/ | cök /tʃɔk/ | mguu /m̩ˈɠuː/ |
| Cuore | chuny /tʃuɲ/ | cwiny /tʃwiɲ/ | cwiny /tʃwiɲ/ | cuny /tʃuɲ/ | lëŋ /lɛŋ/ | piöu /piɔu/ | moyo /mojo/ |
| Osso | chogo /tʃoɡo/ | cogo /tʃoɡo/ | cogo /tʃoɡo/ | cou /tʃou/ | cɔɣ /tʃɔɣ/ | yuɔɔm /juɔːm/ | mfupa /mfupa/ |
| Sangue | remo /rɛmo/ | remo /rɛmo/ | rem /rɛm/ | remoʼ /rɛmoʔ/ | riɛm /riɛm/ | riɛm /riɛm/ | damu /damu/ |
| Cacca | chieth /tʃiɛθ/ | cet /tʃɛt/ | cet /tʃɛt/ | — | — | ciɛ̈th /tʃiɛt̪/ | Kinyesi /kiˈɲesi/ |
| Amore | hera /hera/ | mar /mar/ | amara /amara/ | mar /mar/ | nhok /nok/ | nhiär /n̪iar/ | upendo /uˈpendo/ |
| Albero | yath /jaθ/ | yat /jat/ | yat /jat/ | yat /jat/ | jïath /dʒiat̪/ | tim /tim/ | mti /ˈmti/ |
| Cane | guok /ɡuok/ | gwok /ɡʷok/ | gwok /ɡwok/ | guok /ɡuok/ | jiek /dʒiek/ | jɔ̈ŋ /dʒɔŋ/ | mbwa /ᵐbwa/ |
| Gatto | paka /paka/ | ngabu /ŋabu/ | mbweko /mbweko/ | nyamur /ɲamur/ | gec /ɡetʃ/ | gec /ɡetʃ/ | paka /ˈpaka/ |
| Pesce | rech /rɛtʃ/ | rec /rɛtʃ/ | rec /rɛtʃ/ | reo /reoʔ/ | rec /rɛtʃ/ | rec /rɛtʃ/ | samaki /samaki/ |
| Uccello | winyo /wiɲo/ | winyo /wiɲo/ | winyo /wiɲo/ | — | dit /dit/ | diɛt /diɛt/ | ndege /ndeɡe/ |
| Farfalla | oguyo /oɡujo/ | lapwopwo /lapwopwo/ | kapwopwo /kapwopwo/ | — | del kwoth /dɛl kwɔt̪/ | dap /dap/ | kipepeo /kipeˈpeo/ |
| Uovo | tongʼ /toŋ/ | tong /toŋ/ | toŋ /toŋ/ | tøŋ gwienø /tøŋ ɡwienø/ | tuoŋ /tuɔŋ/ | tuɔŋ /tuɔŋ/ | yai /ˈjai/ |
| Orso | dubu /dubu/ | — | dubu /dubu/ | — | — | — | dubu /ˈdubu/ |
| Cavallo | faras /faras/ | aguragura /aɡuraɡura/ | aguragura /aɡuraɡura/ | okweeny /okweːɲ/ | jio̱k tuɔ̱ruɔ̱k /dʒiɔk tuɔruɔk/ | mathiaŋ /mat̪iaŋ/ | farasi /faˈrasi/ |
| Casa | ot /ot/ | ot /ot/ | ot /ot/ | ot /ot/ | dööl /dɔːl/ | ɣöt /ɣɔt/ | nyumba /ɲumba/ |
| Latte | chak /tʃak/ | cak /tʃak/ | cak /tʃak/ | caak /tʃaːk/ | cak /tʃak/ | ca /tʃa/ | maziwa /maˈziwa/ |
| Miele | mor kich /mor kitʃ/ | kic /kitʃ/ | moo kic /moː kitʃ/ | maar kïc /maːr kitʃ/ | tuaar /tuaːr/ | kiɛ̈c /kiɛtʃ/ | asali /aˈsali/ |
| Sale | chumbi /tʃumbi/ | kado /kado/ | kado /kado/ | — | milɛ /milɛ/ | awai /awai/ | chumvi /tʃumvi/ |
| Vino | divai /divai/ | bwino /bwino/ | koŋo /koŋo/ | køøŋ nyïïomøki /køːŋ ɲiːomøki/ | kɔaŋ /kɔaŋ/ | mɔ̈u /mɔu/ | mvinyo /mˈviɲo/ |
| Riso | ochele /otʃele/ | ruc /rutʃ/ | — | — | — | — | mchele /mˈtʃele/ |
| Cioccolato | chokolet | — | — | — | — | — | chokoleti /tʃokoˈleti/ |
| Ferro | nyinyo /ˈɲiɲo/ | nyonyo /ɲoɲo/ | nyonyo /ɲoɲo/ | — | yiëëth /jiɛːt̪/ | weeth /weːt̪/ | chuma /tʃuma/ |
| Ruota | nyange /ɲaŋe/ | lawala /lawala/ | okot /okot/ | — | wil /wil/ | köl /kɔl/ | gurudumu /ɡuruˈdumu/ |
| Seta | las /las/ | aridi /aridi/ | — | — | — | — | hariri /haˈriri/ |
| Libro | buk /buk/ | buk /buk/ | buk /buk/ | — | bok /bɔk/ | athör /at̪ɔr/ | kitabu /kiˈtabu/ |
| Mangiare | chiemo /tʃiemo/ | cam /tʃam/ | camo /tʃamo/ | cam /tʃam/ | cam /tʃam/ | cam /tʃam/ | kula /ˈkula/ |
| Bere | madho /maðo/ | mat /mat/ | matho /matʰo/ | maath /maːt̪/ | math /mat̪/ | dek /dek/ | kunywa /kuɲwa/ |
| Dormire | nindo /nindo/ | nino /nino/ | nino /nino/ | nin /nin/ | nin /nin/ | nin /niːn/ | kulala /kulala/ |
| Uno | achiel /atʃiɛl/ | acel /atʃɛl/ | acel /atʃɛl/ | acel /atʃel/ | kɛl /kɛl/ | tök /tɔk/ | moja /modʒa/ |
| Due | ariyo /arijo/ | aryo /arjo/ | aryo /arjo/ | aryew /arjɛw/ | rew /rɛw/ | rou /rou/ | mbili /mˈbili/ |
| Tre | adek /adek/ | adek /adek/ | adek /adek/ | adak /adʌk/ | diɔ̱k /dijɔk/ | diak /diak/ | tatu /tatu/ |
| Quattro | angʼwen /aŋwɛn/ | angwen /aŋwɛn/ | angwen /aŋwɛn/ | angween /aŋweːn/ | ŋuan /ŋwan/ | ŋuan /ŋuan/ | nne /nːe/ |
| Cinque | abich /abitʃ/ | abic /abitʃ/ | abic /aˈbitʃ/ | abic /abitʃ/ | dhieec /ɟiec/ | dhiëc /ɟiɛc/ | tano /ˈtano/ |
| Cento | mia /mia/ | miya /mija/ | mia /miə/ | dipa /dipa/ | kuɔ̱r /kuɔr/ | buɔt /buɔt/ | mia /ˈmia/ |
| Ciao | misawa /misawa/ | itye nining /itʲɛ niniŋ/ | itye nining /itje niniŋ/ | mali /mali/ | malɛ /malɛ/ | ke yïn /ke jin/ | habari /haˈbari/ |
| Grazie | erokamano /erokamano/ | apwoyo /apwojo/ | apwoyo /apwojo/ | apwoyo /apwojo/ | lɛrnyä /lɛrɲa/ | alanyiek /alaɲiek/ | asante /aˈsante/ |
| Buono | maber /maber/ | ber /ber/ | ber /ber/ | ber /ber/ | gɔaa /ɡɔaː/ | piath /piat̪/ | nzuri /ˈnzuri/ |
| Nuovo | manyien /maɲien/ | manyen /maɲɛn/ | anyen /aɲen/ | nyään /ɲaːn/ | — | yam /jam/ | mpya /ˈmpja/ |
| Rosso | makwar /makwar/ | makwar /makwar/ | makwar /makwar/ | kwaar /kwaːr/ | lual /lual/ | thith /tʰitʰ/ | nyekundu /ɲekundu/ |
| Bianco | rachar /ratʃar/ | tar /tar/ | tar /tar/ | tar /tar/ | bor /bor/ | ɣer /ɣer/ | nyeupe /ɲeupe/ |
| Nero | ratengʼ /ratɛŋ/ | macol /matʃol/ | acol /atʃol/ | cøl /tʃøl/ | car /tʃar/ | col /tʃol/ | nyeusi /ɲeusi/ |
| Blu | rambulu /rambulu/ | mabulu /mabulu/ | bululu /bululu/ | — | yiel /jiel/ | — | buluu /buluː/ |
| Computer | kompyuta /kompjuta/ | kompiuta /kompiuta/ | kompiuta /kompiuta/ | — | — | makuɛ̈n /makuɛn/ | kompyuta /kompjuta/ |
| Tè | chai /tʃai/ | cai /tʃai/ | — | — | — | cai /tʃai/ | chai /tʃai/ |
| Caffè | kahawa /kahawa/ | kawa /kawa/ | kawa /kawa/ | — | — | — | kahawa /kaˈhawa/ |
| Zucchero | sukari /sukari/ | cukari /tʃukari/ | — | — | — | thukar | sukari /suˈkari/ |
| Arancia | machunga /matʃuŋɡa/ | mucungwa /mutʃuŋwa/ | — | — | — | bertukan /bertukan/ | chungwa /tʃuŋɡwa/ |
| 99 | piero ochiko gochiko /piero otʃiko ɡotʃiko/ | pyere abongwen wiye abongwen /pjere aboŋwɛn wije aboŋwɛn/ | pyeraboŋwen wie aboŋwen /pjeraboŋwɛn wie aboŋwɛn/ | — | jiɛn bäŋuan wi̱cdɛ bäŋuan /ɟiɛn bʌŋwan wicdɛ bʌŋwan/ | thiärdhoŋuan ku dhoŋuan /t̪iard̪oŋuan ku d̪oŋuan/ | tisini na tisa /tiˈsini na ˈtisa/ |
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