Gáedelg
Medio irlandese
indoeuropeo (celtico, insulare, goidelico) · varietà storica / nascosta
Il medio irlandese è la fase tra il vecchio irlandese e l’irlandese moderno antico (circa 900–1200). È la lingua dei grandi poemi epici dell’Irlanda medievale: la versione conservata del "Táin Bó Cúailnge", il "Libro di Leinster" e il "Libro fulvo di Lecan". Il sistema verbale risulta notevolmente semplificato rispetto al vecchio irlandese.
Dove si parla
87 parole essenziali in medio irlandese
Fonti
- McCone (1997) The Early Irish Verb
- Stokes & Strachan (1901-03) Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus
- Glottolog: midd1357
Parole a confronto
Confronto con lingue della stessa classificazione: indoeuropeo (celtico, insulare, goidelico)
| Significato | Medio irlandese | Vecchio irlandese | Mannese | Irlandese | Gaelico scozzese | Bretone | Sloveno |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acqua | usce /uske/ | uisce /ˈusʲkʲe/ | ushtey /ˈuʃtʲə/ | uisce /ɪʃcə/ | uisge /ɯʃkʲə/ | dour /duːɾ/ | voda /ˈʋɔːda/ |
| Fuoco | tene /tene/ | tene /ˈtʲene/ | aile /ailʲ/ | tine /tʲɪnʲə/ | teine /ˈtʃʰɛɲə/ | tan /tɑ̃ːn/ | ogenj /ˈɔːɡən/ |
| Sole | grían /ɡrian/ | grían /ɡrian/ | grian /ɡriən/ | grian /ɟɾʲiən̪ˠ/ | grian /kɾʲiən/ | heol /heːɔl/ | sonce /ˈsoːntsɛ/ |
| Luna | ésca /eːska/ | éscae /eːskai/ | eayst /eːst/ | gealach /ɟalˠax/ | gealach /ˈkʲal̪ˠəx/ | loar /lwaːɾ/ | luna /ˈluːna/ |
| Stella | rétla /ˈreːtla/ | rétla /ˈrʲeːdla/ | rollage /ˈrolaːɡ/ | réalta /ˈɾˠeːl̪ˠt̪ˠə/ | reul /rˠeːl̪ˠ/ | steredenn /steˈreːdɛn/ | zvezda /ˈzʋeːzda/ |
| Notte | adaig /aðəɣʲ/ | adaig /aðəɣʲ/ | oie /ei/ | oíche /ˈiːçə/ | oidhche /ˈɤ̃ĩçə/ | noz /noːs/ | noč /noːtʃ/ |
| Pioggia | báitsech /ˈbaːtʲʃəx/ | fras /fras/ | fliaghey /ˈfljaːə/ | báisteach /ˈbˠaːʃtʲəx/ | uisge /ɯʃkʲə/ | glav /ɡlɑːw/ | dež /dəʃ/ |
| Neve | snechta /sʲnʲextə/ | snechtae /sʲnʲexte/ | sniaghtey /ˈsnʲaxðə/ | sneachta /ʃnʲaxt̪ˠə/ | sneachda /ʃɲɛxkə/ | erc'h /ɛrx/ | sneg /sneːk/ |
| Vento | gáeth /ɡaːiθ/ | gáeth /ɡaːiθ/ | geay /ɡjeː/ | gaoth /ɡeː/ | gaoth /kɯː/ | avel /ˈavɛl/ | veter /ˈʋeːtər/ |
| Terra | talam /ˈtalav/ | talam /ˈtalav/ | thalloo /ˈtalu/ | cré /cɾʲeː/ | talamh /ˈt̪ʰal̪ˠəv/ | douar /ˈduːar/ | zemlja /ˈzɛːmlja/ |
| Pietra | cloch /klox/ | cloch /klox/ | clagh /klaːx/ | cloch /klˠɔx/ | clach /kʰl̪ˠax/ | maen /mɛːn/ | kamen /ˈkaːmən/ |
| Montagna | slíab /sʲlʲiaβ/ | slíab /sʲlʲiaβ/ | slieau /slʲuː/ | sliabh /ʃlʲiəvˠ/ | beinn /peiɲː/ | menez /ˈmeːnɛs/ | gora /ˈɡɔːra/ |
| Mare | muir /murʲ/ | muir /murʲ/ | faarkey /ˈfaːrkʲə/ | farraige /ˈfˠaɾˠɪɟə/ | muir /muɾʲ/ | mor /moːr/ | morje /ˈmoːrjɛ/ |
| Madre | máthair /maːθirʲ/ | máthair /maːθirʲ/ | moir /mɔːɾ/ | máthair /mˠɑːhəɾʲ/ | màthair /maːhəɾʲ/ | mamm /mɑ̃m/ | mati /ˈmaːti/ |
| Padre | athair /aθirʲ/ | athair /aθirʲ/ | ayr /ɛːr/ | athair /ahəɾʲ/ | athair /ahəɾʲ/ | tad /taːd/ | oče /ˈɔːtʃɛ/ |
| Figlia | ingen /ˈinʲɣʲen/ | ingen /ˈinʲɣʲen/ | inneen /iˈneːn/ | iníon /ɪˈnʲiːn̪ˠ/ | nighean /ˈɲĩən/ | merc'h /mɛrx/ | hči /xtʃiː/ |
| Io | mé /mʲeː/ | mé /mʲeː/ | mee /miː/ | mé /mʲeː/ | mi /mi/ | me /me/ | jaz /jas/ |
| Tu | tú /tuː/ | tú /tuː/ | oo /uː/ | tú /t̪ˠuː/ | thu /u/ | te /te/ | ti /tiː/ |
| Noi | sinn /sʲinʲ/ | sní /snʲiː/ | shin /ʃin/ | muid /mˠidʲ/ | sinn /ʃiɲ/ | ni /ni/ | mi /miː/ |
| Nome | ainm /anʲmʲ/ | ainm /anʲmʲ/ | ennym /ˈenəm/ | ainm /anʲəmʲ/ | ainm /ˈɛnɛm/ | anv /ˈãːno/ | ime /iˈmeː/ |
| Persona | duine /dunʲe/ | duine /ˈdunʲe/ | peiagh /pʲaːx/ | duine /ˈd̪ˠɪnʲə/ | duine /ˈt̪ɯɲə/ | den /deːn/ | človek /ˈtʃlɔːʋɛk/ |
| Testa | cenn /kʲen/ | cenn /kʲen/ | kione /kʲoːn/ | ceann /cɑːn̪ˠ/ | ceann /kʲʰãũn̪ˠ/ | penn /pɛn/ | glava /ˈɡlaːʋa/ |
| Occhio | súil /suːlʲ/ | súil /suːlʲ/ | sooill /suːlʲ/ | súil /sˠuːlʲ/ | sùil /suːl/ | lagad /laɡat/ | oko /ɔˈkoː/ |
| Orecchio | ó /oː/ | clúas /kluəs/ | cleaysh /klʲaːʒ/ | cluas /kl̪ˠuəsˠ/ | cluas /kl̪ˠuəs/ | skouarn /ˈskwarn/ | uho /uˈxoː/ |
| Naso | srón /sroːn/ | srón /sroːn/ | stroin /strɔinʲ/ | srón /sˠɾˠoːnˠ/ | sròn /s̪t̪ɾɔːn/ | fri /friː/ | nos /noːs/ |
| Bocca | bél /bʲeːl/ | gin /ɡʲin/ | beeal /biːl/ | béal /bʲeːl̪ˠ/ | beul /pial̪ˠ/ | genou /ˈɡeːnu/ | usta /ˈuːsta/ |
| Dente | dét /deːd/ | dét /dʲeːd/ | feeackle /fiaxəl/ | fiacail /ˈfʲiəkəlʲ/ | fiacail /ˈfiəxkil/ | dant /dãnt/ | zob /zoːp/ |
| Lingua | tengae /ˈtʲeŋɡe/ | tengae /ˈtʲeŋɡe/ | çhengey /tʃeŋə/ | teanga /ˈtʲaŋɡə/ | teanga /ˈtʃʰɛŋɡə/ | teod /tɛwt/ | jezik /ˈjɛːzik/ |
| Mano | lám /laːv/ | lám /laːv/ | laue /lɛːu/ | lámh /l̪ˠɑːvˠ/ | làmh /ɫ̪aːv/ | dorn /dɔɾn/ | roka /ˈrɔːka/ |
| Piede | cos /kos/ | cos /kos/ | cass /kaːs/ | cos /kɔsˠ/ | cas /kʰas/ | troad /troat/ | stopalo /stɔˈpaːlɔ/ |
| Cuore | cride /krʲiðʲe/ | cride /krʲiðʲe/ | cree /kɾiː/ | croí /kɾˠiː/ | cridhe /kʰɾʲiə/ | kalon /kalɔ̃n/ | srce /sərˈtseː/ |
| Osso | cnáim /knaːmʲ/ | cnáim /knaːmʲ/ | craue /kreu/ | cnámh /kn̪ˠaːw/ | cnàimh /kʰɾɛ̃ːv/ | askorn /ˈaskorn/ | kost /koːst/ |
| Sangue | fuil /fulʲ/ | fuil /fulʲ/ | fuill /fuːl/ | fuil /fˠɪlʲ/ | fuil /ful/ | gwad /ɡwaːt/ | kri /kriː/ |
| Cacca | cac /kak/ | cac /kak/ | keck /kek/ | cac /kak/ | cac /kʰaxk/ | kac'h /kax/ | kakec /ˈkaːkəts/ |
| Amore | serc /serk/ | serc /serk/ | graih /ɡraːx/ | grá /ɡɾˠɑː/ | gaol /kɯːl̪ˠ/ | karantez /kaɾɑ̃ntes/ | ljubezen /ljuˈbeːzən/ |
| Albero | crann /kran/ | crann /kran/ | billey /ˈbilʲə/ | crann /kɾˠɑːn̪ˠ/ | craobh /kʰɾɯːv/ | gwezenn /ˈɡweːzɛn/ | drevo /drɛˈʋoː/ |
| Cane | madra /madra/ | cú /kuː/ | moddey /ˈmɔðə/ | madra /mˠɑd̪ˠɾˠə/ | cù /kʰuː/ | ki /kiː/ | pes /pəs/ |
| Gatto | cat /kat/ | cat /kat/ | kayt /kat/ | cat /kɑt̪ˠ/ | cat /kʰaht̪/ | kazh /kaːs/ | mačka /ˈmaːtʃka/ |
| Pesce | íasc /iːask/ | íasc /iːask/ | eeast /iːst/ | iasc /iəsˠk/ | iasg /iəsk/ | pesk /pesk/ | riba /ˈriːba/ |
| Uccello | én /eːn/ | én /eːn/ | ushag /ˈuʒaɡ/ | éan /eːnˠ/ | eun /ian/ | evn /ẽːvn/ | ptica /ˈptiːtsa/ |
| Uovo | og /oɣ/ | og /oɣ/ | ooh /uː/ | ubh /ʊvˠ/ | ugh /u/ | vi /viː/ | jajce /ˈjaːjtsɛ/ |
| Orso | mathgamain /maθɣəvənʲ/ | art /art/ | maghouin /maˈɣuːnʲ/ | béar /bʲeːɾˠ/ | mathan /ˈmahan/ | arzh /ars/ | medved /ˈmɛːdʋɛt/ |
| Cavallo | ech /ex/ | ech /ex/ | cabbyl /ˈkaːbəl/ | capall /ˈkapˠəl̪ˠ/ | each /ɛx/ | marc'h /marx/ | konj /kɔn/ |
| Casa | tech /tex/ | tech /tʲex/ | thie /tai/ | teach /tʲax/ | taigh /tʰɤj/ | ti /tiː/ | hiša /ˈxiːʃa/ |
| Latte | as /as/ | as /as/ | bainney /ˈbanʲə/ | bainne /ˈbˠanʲə/ | bainne /ˈpaɲə/ | laezh /leːs/ | mleko /ˈmleːkɔ/ |
| Miele | mil /mʲilʲ/ | mil /mʲilʲ/ | mill /mil/ | mil /mʲɪlʲ/ | mil /mil/ | mel /meːl/ | med /meːt/ |
| Sale | salann /ˈsalan/ | salann /ˈsalan/ | sollan /ˈsolan/ | salann /ˈsˠalˠən̪ˠ/ | salann /ˈs̪al̪ˠən̪ˠ/ | holen /ˈhoːlɛn/ | sol /soːʋ/ |
| Vino | fín /fiːn/ | fín /fʲiːn/ | feeyn /fiːn/ | fíon /ˈfʲiːn̪ˠ/ | fìon /fiən/ | gwin /ɡwiːn/ | vino /ˈʋiːnɔ/ |
| Ferro | íarn /iːarn/ | íarn /iːarn/ | yiarn /jaːrn/ | iarann /ˈiəɾˠən/ | iarann /ˈiərˠən̪ˠ/ | houarn /ˈhuːaɾn/ | železo /ʒɛˈleːzɔ/ |
| Ruota | roth /roθ/ | roth /roθ/ | queeyl /kwiːl/ | roth /ɾˠɔh/ | roth /rˠɔh/ | rod /roːd/ | kolo /kɔˈloː/ |
| Seta | síta /ˈsʲiːdə/ | síta /ˈsʲiːda/ | sheeidey /ˈʃiːðə/ | síoda /ˈʃiːd̪ˠə/ | sìoda /ˈʃiət̪ə/ | seiz /sɛjs/ | svila /ˈsʋiːla/ |
| Libro | lebor /ˈlʲeβər/ | lebor /ˈlʲeβor/ | lioar /lʲoːr/ | leabhar /ˈlʲauəɾˠ/ | leabhar /ˈʎɔəɾ/ | levr /lɛvr/ | knjiga /ˈknjiːɡa/ |
| Mangiare | ithid /iθʲiðʲ/ | ithid /iθʲiðʲ/ | gee /ɡʲiː/ | ith /ɪ/ | ith /iç/ | debriñ /debɾĩː/ | jesti /ˈjeːsti/ |
| Bere | ól /oːl/ | ibid /iβʲiðʲ/ | iu /juː/ | ól /oːlˠ/ | òl /ɔːl̪ˠ/ | evañ /eːvɑ̃/ | piti /ˈpiːti/ |
| Dormire | cotlaid /ˈkodləðʲ/ | con·tuili /konˈtulʲi/ | cadley /ˈkaðlə/ | codail /ˈkɔd̪ˠəlʲ/ | caidil /ˈkʰatʲɪl/ | kousket /ˈkuskət/ | spati /ˈspaːti/ |
| Uno | óen /oin/ | oín /oːin/ | nane /nɛːn/ | aon /eːn̪ˠ/ | aon /ɯːn/ | unan /yːnɑ̃n/ | eden /ˈɛːdən/ |
| Due | dá /daː/ | dá /daː/ | jees /dʒiːs/ | dó /d̪ˠoː/ | dà /t̪aː/ | daou /dɔw/ | dva /dʋaː/ |
| Tre | trí /tʲrʲiː/ | trí /tʲrʲiː/ | tree /triː/ | trí /tʲɾʲiː/ | trì /tʰɾiː/ | tri /triː/ | tri /triː/ |
| Quattro | cethair /ˈkʲeθərʲ/ | cethair /ˈkʲeθərʲ/ | kiare /kʲeːr/ | ceathair /ˈcahəɾʲ/ | ceithir /ˈkʲʰehiɾʲ/ | pevar /ˈpɛːvar/ | štiri /ˈʃtiːri/ |
| Cinque | cóic /koːɡʲ/ | cóic /koːɡʲ/ | queig /kweɡ/ | cúig /kuːɟ/ | còig /kʰoːkʲ/ | pemp /pɛmp/ | pet /peːt/ |
| Cento | cét /kʲeːd/ | cét /kʲeːd/ | keead /kʲiːd/ | céad /ceːd̪ˠ/ | ceud /kʰʲiət/ | kant /kãnt/ | sto /stoː/ |
| Ciao | fochen /foxʲen/ | fochen /foxʲen/ | moghrey mie /ˈmɔɣrə maɪ/ | dia duit /dʲiə d̪ˠɪtʲ/ | halò /haˈloː/ | demat /deːmat/ | živjo /ʒiʋjɔ/ |
| Grazie | atlochur /atloxur/ | atlochur /atloxur/ | gura mie ayd /ˈɡura miː eːd/ | go raibh maith agat /ɡɔ ɾˠɛv mˠah aɡət̪ˠ/ | tapadh leat /tʰapə lɛt/ | trugarez /tɾyɡaɾes/ | hvala /ˈxʋaːla/ |
| Buono | maith /maθʲ/ | maith /maθʲ/ | mie /maɪ/ | maith /mˠah/ | math /ma/ | mat /maːt/ | dober /ˈdoːbər/ |
| Nuovo | núa /ˈnuːa/ | núae /ˈnuːe/ | noa /noː/ | nua /n̪ˠuə/ | ùr /uːɾ/ | nevez /ˈneːves/ | nov /nɔʋ/ |
| Rosso | derg /dʲerɡ/ | derg /dʲerɡ/ | jiarg /dʒarɡ/ | dearg /ˈdʲaɾˠəɡ/ | dearg /ˈtʲɛɾɛk/ | ruz /ryːs/ | rdeč /ərˈdɛtʃ/ |
| Bianco | bán /baːn/ | bán /baːn/ | bane /beːn/ | bán /bˠaːnˠ/ | geal /kʲal̪ˠ/ | gwenn /ɡwɛn/ | bel /beːʋ/ |
| Nero | dub /duβ/ | dub /duβ/ | doo /duː/ | dubh /d̪ˠʊvˠ/ | dubh /t̪uh/ | du /dyː/ | črn /tʃərn/ |
| Verde | úaine /ˈuːənʲe/ | glas /ɡlas/ | glass /ɡlaːs/ | glas /ɡlˠasˠ/ | uaine /ˈuəɲə/ | gwer /ɡwɛr/ | zelen /zɛˈlɛn/ |
| Blu | gorm /ɡorm/ | glas /ɡlas/ | gorrym /ˈɡɔrəm/ | gorm /ˈɡɔɾˠəmˠ/ | gorm /ˈkɔɾɔm/ | glas /ɡlɑːs/ | moder /ˈmoːdər/ |
| Cuculo | cúach /ˈkuːax/ | caí /kaːi/ | cooag /ˈkuːaɡ/ | cuach /kuəx/ | cuthag /ˈkʰuhak/ | koukoug /ˈkukuk/ | kukavica /ˈkuːkaʋitsa/ |
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