Goídelc
Vecchio irlandese
indoeuropeo (Celtica, Goidelic) · varietà storica / nascosta
Il vecchio irlandese è la fase dell’irlandese tra il 600 e il 900 circa ed è attestato soprattutto nelle glosse latine (Würzburg, Milano, San Gallo) e in testi giuridici. È famoso per la sua morfologia complessa: mutazioni consonantiche iniziali, accordo verbale intricato e distinzioni di tipo ergativo in alcune costruzioni.
Dove si parla
87 parole essenziali in vecchio irlandese
Fonti
Parole a confronto
Confronto con lingue della stessa classificazione: indoeuropeo (Celtica, Goidelic)
| Significato | Vecchio irlandese | Medio irlandese | Mannese | Irlandese | Gaelico scozzese | Gallese | Bretone |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acqua | uisce /ˈusʲkʲe/ | usce /uske/ | ushtey /ˈuʃtʲə/ | uisce /ɪʃcə/ | uisge /ɯʃkʲə/ | dŵr /duːr/ | dour /duːɾ/ |
| Fuoco | tene /ˈtʲene/ | tene /tene/ | aile /ailʲ/ | tine /tʲɪnʲə/ | teine /ˈtʃʰɛɲə/ | tân /tɑːn/ | tan /tɑ̃ːn/ |
| Sole | grían /ɡrian/ | grían /ɡrian/ | grian /ɡriən/ | grian /ɟɾʲiən̪ˠ/ | grian /kɾʲiən/ | haul /haɨl/ | heol /heːɔl/ |
| Luna | éscae /eːskai/ | ésca /eːska/ | eayst /eːst/ | gealach /ɟalˠax/ | gealach /ˈkʲal̪ˠəx/ | lleuad /ɬɛɨ̯ad/ | loar /lwaːɾ/ |
| Stella | rétla /ˈrʲeːdla/ | rétla /ˈreːtla/ | rollage /ˈrolaːɡ/ | réalta /ˈɾˠeːl̪ˠt̪ˠə/ | reul /rˠeːl̪ˠ/ | seren /ˈsɛrɛn/ | steredenn /steˈreːdɛn/ |
| Notte | adaig /aðəɣʲ/ | adaig /aðəɣʲ/ | oie /ei/ | oíche /ˈiːçə/ | oidhche /ˈɤ̃ĩçə/ | nos /noːs/ | noz /noːs/ |
| Pioggia | fras /fras/ | báitsech /ˈbaːtʲʃəx/ | fliaghey /ˈfljaːə/ | báisteach /ˈbˠaːʃtʲəx/ | uisge /ɯʃkʲə/ | glaw /ɡlau̯/ | glav /ɡlɑːw/ |
| Neve | snechtae /sʲnʲexte/ | snechta /sʲnʲextə/ | sniaghtey /ˈsnʲaxðə/ | sneachta /ʃnʲaxt̪ˠə/ | sneachda /ʃɲɛxkə/ | eira /əɨra/ | erc'h /ɛrx/ |
| Vento | gáeth /ɡaːiθ/ | gáeth /ɡaːiθ/ | geay /ɡjeː/ | gaoth /ɡeː/ | gaoth /kɯː/ | gwynt /ɡwɪnt/ | avel /ˈavɛl/ |
| Terra | talam /ˈtalav/ | talam /ˈtalav/ | thalloo /ˈtalu/ | cré /cɾʲeː/ | talamh /ˈt̪ʰal̪ˠəv/ | pridd /priːð/ | douar /ˈduːar/ |
| Pietra | cloch /klox/ | cloch /klox/ | clagh /klaːx/ | cloch /klˠɔx/ | clach /kʰl̪ˠax/ | carreg /ˈkarɛɡ/ | maen /mɛːn/ |
| Montagna | slíab /sʲlʲiaβ/ | slíab /sʲlʲiaβ/ | slieau /slʲuː/ | sliabh /ʃlʲiəvˠ/ | beinn /peiɲː/ | mynydd /ˈmənɨð/ | menez /ˈmeːnɛs/ |
| Mare | muir /murʲ/ | muir /murʲ/ | faarkey /ˈfaːrkʲə/ | farraige /ˈfˠaɾˠɪɟə/ | muir /muɾʲ/ | môr /moːr/ | mor /moːr/ |
| Madre | máthair /maːθirʲ/ | máthair /maːθirʲ/ | moir /mɔːɾ/ | máthair /mˠɑːhəɾʲ/ | màthair /maːhəɾʲ/ | mam /mam/ | mamm /mɑ̃m/ |
| Padre | athair /aθirʲ/ | athair /aθirʲ/ | ayr /ɛːr/ | athair /ahəɾʲ/ | athair /ahəɾʲ/ | tad /tɑːd/ | tad /taːd/ |
| Figlia | ingen /ˈinʲɣʲen/ | ingen /ˈinʲɣʲen/ | inneen /iˈneːn/ | iníon /ɪˈnʲiːn̪ˠ/ | nighean /ˈɲĩən/ | merch /mɛrx/ | merc'h /mɛrx/ |
| Io | mé /mʲeː/ | mé /mʲeː/ | mee /miː/ | mé /mʲeː/ | mi /mi/ | fi /viː/ | me /me/ |
| Tu | tú /tuː/ | tú /tuː/ | oo /uː/ | tú /t̪ˠuː/ | thu /u/ | ti /tiː/ | te /te/ |
| Noi | sní /snʲiː/ | sinn /sʲinʲ/ | shin /ʃin/ | muid /mˠidʲ/ | sinn /ʃiɲ/ | ni /niː/ | ni /ni/ |
| Nome | ainm /anʲmʲ/ | ainm /anʲmʲ/ | ennym /ˈenəm/ | ainm /anʲəmʲ/ | ainm /ˈɛnɛm/ | enw /ˈɛnu/ | anv /ˈãːno/ |
| Persona | duine /ˈdunʲe/ | duine /dunʲe/ | peiagh /pʲaːx/ | duine /ˈd̪ˠɪnʲə/ | duine /ˈt̪ɯɲə/ | person /ˈpɛrsɔn/ | den /deːn/ |
| Testa | cenn /kʲen/ | cenn /kʲen/ | kione /kʲoːn/ | ceann /cɑːn̪ˠ/ | ceann /kʲʰãũn̪ˠ/ | pen /pɛn/ | penn /pɛn/ |
| Occhio | súil /suːlʲ/ | súil /suːlʲ/ | sooill /suːlʲ/ | súil /sˠuːlʲ/ | sùil /suːl/ | llygad /ɬəɡad/ | lagad /laɡat/ |
| Orecchio | clúas /kluəs/ | ó /oː/ | cleaysh /klʲaːʒ/ | cluas /kl̪ˠuəsˠ/ | cluas /kl̪ˠuəs/ | clust /klɪst/ | skouarn /ˈskwarn/ |
| Naso | srón /sroːn/ | srón /sroːn/ | stroin /strɔinʲ/ | srón /sˠɾˠoːnˠ/ | sròn /s̪t̪ɾɔːn/ | trwyn /truːɨ̯n/ | fri /friː/ |
| Bocca | gin /ɡʲin/ | bél /bʲeːl/ | beeal /biːl/ | béal /bʲeːl̪ˠ/ | beul /pial̪ˠ/ | ceg /keːɡ/ | genou /ˈɡeːnu/ |
| Dente | dét /dʲeːd/ | dét /deːd/ | feeackle /fiaxəl/ | fiacail /ˈfʲiəkəlʲ/ | fiacail /ˈfiəxkil/ | dant /dant/ | dant /dãnt/ |
| Lingua | tengae /ˈtʲeŋɡe/ | tengae /ˈtʲeŋɡe/ | çhengey /tʃeŋə/ | teanga /ˈtʲaŋɡə/ | teanga /ˈtʃʰɛŋɡə/ | tafod /ˈtavɔd/ | teod /tɛwt/ |
| Mano | lám /laːv/ | lám /laːv/ | laue /lɛːu/ | lámh /l̪ˠɑːvˠ/ | làmh /ɫ̪aːv/ | llaw /ɬaʊ/ | dorn /dɔɾn/ |
| Piede | cos /kos/ | cos /kos/ | cass /kaːs/ | cos /kɔsˠ/ | cas /kʰas/ | troed /troːɨ̯d/ | troad /troat/ |
| Cuore | cride /krʲiðʲe/ | cride /krʲiðʲe/ | cree /kɾiː/ | croí /kɾˠiː/ | cridhe /kʰɾʲiə/ | calon /kalɔn/ | kalon /kalɔ̃n/ |
| Osso | cnáim /knaːmʲ/ | cnáim /knaːmʲ/ | craue /kreu/ | cnámh /kn̪ˠaːw/ | cnàimh /kʰɾɛ̃ːv/ | asgwrn /ˈasɡʊrn/ | askorn /ˈaskorn/ |
| Sangue | fuil /fulʲ/ | fuil /fulʲ/ | fuill /fuːl/ | fuil /fˠɪlʲ/ | fuil /ful/ | gwaed /ɡwaɨd/ | gwad /ɡwaːt/ |
| Cacca | cac /kak/ | cac /kak/ | keck /kek/ | cac /kak/ | cac /kʰaxk/ | cach /kaːx/ | kac'h /kax/ |
| Amore | serc /serk/ | serc /serk/ | graih /ɡraːx/ | grá /ɡɾˠɑː/ | gaol /kɯːl̪ˠ/ | cariad /karjad/ | karantez /kaɾɑ̃ntes/ |
| Albero | crann /kran/ | crann /kran/ | billey /ˈbilʲə/ | crann /kɾˠɑːn̪ˠ/ | craobh /kʰɾɯːv/ | coeden /kɔɨdɛn/ | gwezenn /ˈɡweːzɛn/ |
| Cane | cú /kuː/ | madra /madra/ | moddey /ˈmɔðə/ | madra /mˠɑd̪ˠɾˠə/ | cù /kʰuː/ | ci /kiː/ | ki /kiː/ |
| Gatto | cat /kat/ | cat /kat/ | kayt /kat/ | cat /kɑt̪ˠ/ | cat /kʰaht̪/ | cath /kɑːθ/ | kazh /kaːs/ |
| Pesce | íasc /iːask/ | íasc /iːask/ | eeast /iːst/ | iasc /iəsˠk/ | iasg /iəsk/ | pysgodyn /pəsˈɡɔdɨn/ | pesk /pesk/ |
| Uccello | én /eːn/ | én /eːn/ | ushag /ˈuʒaɡ/ | éan /eːnˠ/ | eun /ian/ | aderyn /aˈdɛrɨn/ | evn /ẽːvn/ |
| Uovo | og /oɣ/ | og /oɣ/ | ooh /uː/ | ubh /ʊvˠ/ | ugh /u/ | wy /uːɨ/ | vi /viː/ |
| Orso | art /art/ | mathgamain /maθɣəvənʲ/ | maghouin /maˈɣuːnʲ/ | béar /bʲeːɾˠ/ | mathan /ˈmahan/ | arth /arθ/ | arzh /ars/ |
| Cavallo | ech /ex/ | ech /ex/ | cabbyl /ˈkaːbəl/ | capall /ˈkapˠəl̪ˠ/ | each /ɛx/ | ceffyl /ˈkɛfɨl/ | marc'h /marx/ |
| Casa | tech /tʲex/ | tech /tex/ | thie /tai/ | teach /tʲax/ | taigh /tʰɤj/ | tŷ /tɨː/ | ti /tiː/ |
| Latte | as /as/ | as /as/ | bainney /ˈbanʲə/ | bainne /ˈbˠanʲə/ | bainne /ˈpaɲə/ | llaeth /ɬaːɨθ/ | laezh /leːs/ |
| Miele | mil /mʲilʲ/ | mil /mʲilʲ/ | mill /mil/ | mil /mʲɪlʲ/ | mil /mil/ | mêl /meːl/ | mel /meːl/ |
| Sale | salann /ˈsalan/ | salann /ˈsalan/ | sollan /ˈsolan/ | salann /ˈsˠalˠən̪ˠ/ | salann /ˈs̪al̪ˠən̪ˠ/ | halen /ˈhalɛn/ | holen /ˈhoːlɛn/ |
| Vino | fín /fʲiːn/ | fín /fiːn/ | feeyn /fiːn/ | fíon /ˈfʲiːn̪ˠ/ | fìon /fiən/ | gwin /ɡwiːn/ | gwin /ɡwiːn/ |
| Ferro | íarn /iːarn/ | íarn /iːarn/ | yiarn /jaːrn/ | iarann /ˈiəɾˠən/ | iarann /ˈiərˠən̪ˠ/ | haearn /ˈheɨarn/ | houarn /ˈhuːaɾn/ |
| Ruota | roth /roθ/ | roth /roθ/ | queeyl /kwiːl/ | roth /ɾˠɔh/ | roth /rˠɔh/ | olwyn /ˈɔlʊɨn/ | rod /roːd/ |
| Seta | síta /ˈsʲiːda/ | síta /ˈsʲiːdə/ | sheeidey /ˈʃiːðə/ | síoda /ˈʃiːd̪ˠə/ | sìoda /ˈʃiət̪ə/ | sidan /ˈsɪdan/ | seiz /sɛjs/ |
| Libro | lebor /ˈlʲeβor/ | lebor /ˈlʲeβər/ | lioar /lʲoːr/ | leabhar /ˈlʲauəɾˠ/ | leabhar /ˈʎɔəɾ/ | llyfr /ɬɪvr/ | levr /lɛvr/ |
| Mangiare | ithid /iθʲiðʲ/ | ithid /iθʲiðʲ/ | gee /ɡʲiː/ | ith /ɪ/ | ith /iç/ | bwyta /bʊɨta/ | debriñ /debɾĩː/ |
| Bere | ibid /iβʲiðʲ/ | ól /oːl/ | iu /juː/ | ól /oːlˠ/ | òl /ɔːl̪ˠ/ | yfed /əvɛd/ | evañ /eːvɑ̃/ |
| Dormire | con·tuili /konˈtulʲi/ | cotlaid /ˈkodləðʲ/ | cadley /ˈkaðlə/ | codail /ˈkɔd̪ˠəlʲ/ | caidil /ˈkʰatʲɪl/ | cysgu /ˈkəsɡɨ/ | kousket /ˈkuskət/ |
| Uno | oín /oːin/ | óen /oin/ | nane /nɛːn/ | aon /eːn̪ˠ/ | aon /ɯːn/ | un /ɨːn/ | unan /yːnɑ̃n/ |
| Due | dá /daː/ | dá /daː/ | jees /dʒiːs/ | dó /d̪ˠoː/ | dà /t̪aː/ | dau /daɨ/ | daou /dɔw/ |
| Tre | trí /tʲrʲiː/ | trí /tʲrʲiː/ | tree /triː/ | trí /tʲɾʲiː/ | trì /tʰɾiː/ | tri /triː/ | tri /triː/ |
| Quattro | cethair /ˈkʲeθərʲ/ | cethair /ˈkʲeθərʲ/ | kiare /kʲeːr/ | ceathair /ˈcahəɾʲ/ | ceithir /ˈkʲʰehiɾʲ/ | pedwar /ˈpɛdwar/ | pevar /ˈpɛːvar/ |
| Cinque | cóic /koːɡʲ/ | cóic /koːɡʲ/ | queig /kweɡ/ | cúig /kuːɟ/ | còig /kʰoːkʲ/ | pump /pɨmp/ | pemp /pɛmp/ |
| Cento | cét /kʲeːd/ | cét /kʲeːd/ | keead /kʲiːd/ | céad /ceːd̪ˠ/ | ceud /kʰʲiət/ | cant /kant/ | kant /kãnt/ |
| Ciao | fochen /foxʲen/ | fochen /foxʲen/ | moghrey mie /ˈmɔɣrə maɪ/ | dia duit /dʲiə d̪ˠɪtʲ/ | halò /haˈloː/ | helô /hɛˈloː/ | demat /deːmat/ |
| Grazie | atlochur /atloxur/ | atlochur /atloxur/ | gura mie ayd /ˈɡura miː eːd/ | go raibh maith agat /ɡɔ ɾˠɛv mˠah aɡət̪ˠ/ | tapadh leat /tʰapə lɛt/ | diolch /diːɔlx/ | trugarez /tɾyɡaɾes/ |
| Buono | maith /maθʲ/ | maith /maθʲ/ | mie /maɪ/ | maith /mˠah/ | math /ma/ | da /dɑː/ | mat /maːt/ |
| Nuovo | núae /ˈnuːe/ | núa /ˈnuːa/ | noa /noː/ | nua /n̪ˠuə/ | ùr /uːɾ/ | newydd /ˈnɛwɨð/ | nevez /ˈneːves/ |
| Rosso | derg /dʲerɡ/ | derg /dʲerɡ/ | jiarg /dʒarɡ/ | dearg /ˈdʲaɾˠəɡ/ | dearg /ˈtʲɛɾɛk/ | coch /koːx/ | ruz /ryːs/ |
| Bianco | bán /baːn/ | bán /baːn/ | bane /beːn/ | bán /bˠaːnˠ/ | geal /kʲal̪ˠ/ | gwyn /ɡwɪn/ | gwenn /ɡwɛn/ |
| Nero | dub /duβ/ | dub /duβ/ | doo /duː/ | dubh /d̪ˠʊvˠ/ | dubh /t̪uh/ | du /dɨː/ | du /dyː/ |
| Verde | glas /ɡlas/ | úaine /ˈuːənʲe/ | glass /ɡlaːs/ | glas /ɡlˠasˠ/ | uaine /ˈuəɲə/ | gwyrdd /ɡwɪrð/ | gwer /ɡwɛr/ |
| Blu | glas /ɡlas/ | gorm /ɡorm/ | gorrym /ˈɡɔrəm/ | gorm /ˈɡɔɾˠəmˠ/ | gorm /ˈkɔɾɔm/ | glas /ɡlaːs/ | glas /ɡlɑːs/ |
| Cuculo | caí /kaːi/ | cúach /ˈkuːax/ | cooag /ˈkuːaɡ/ | cuach /kuəx/ | cuthag /ˈkʰuhak/ | cog /koːɡ/ | koukoug /ˈkukuk/ |
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