Dizhsa
Zapoteco di Tlacolula
oto-mangue (Zapotecan)
Lo zapoteco di Tlacolula (autonimo Dizhsa, talvolta chiamato zapoteco della Valle o zapoteco di San Lucas Quiaviní per la varietà più documentata) è una lingua otomangue della Valle di Tlacolula, a est della città di Oaxaca. Con appena circa 6.000 parlanti e una rapida sostituzione da parte dello spagnolo, lo zapoteco di Tlacolula è gravemente in pericolo, ma ha acquisito rilievo accademico grazie allo Zapotec Documentation Project di Pamela Munro all'UCLA. Come tutte le varietà zapoteche, è una lingua tonale (3-4 toni contrastivi oltre a distinzioni di fonazione, comprese vocali aspirate e laringalizzate). Il mercato domenicale di Tlacolula — uno dei più antichi mercati indigeni del Messico — resta un luogo chiave in cui la lingua è ancora attivamente usata.
Dove si parla
87 parole essenziali in zapoteco di Tlacolula
Fonti
Parole a confronto
Confronto con lingue della stessa classificazione: oto-mangue (Zapotecan)
| Significato | Zapoteco di Tlacolula | Zapoteco | Kuna di San Blas | Maya yucateco | Tojolabal | Totonaco di Coyutla | Irula |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acqua | nis /nis/ | nisa /nisa/ | di /di/ | jaʼ /haʔ/ | jaʼ /haʔ/ | chúchut /tʃútʃut/ | nīr /niːɾ/ |
| Fuoco | bal /bal/ | gui /ɡi/ | so /so/ | kʼáakʼ /kʼaːkʼ/ | kʼakʼ /kʼakʼ/ | lhkúyat /ɬkújat/ | tī /tiː/ |
| Sole | gubidx /ɡubidʒ/ | gubidxa /ɡubidʒa/ | dad /tad/ | kʼiin /kʼiːn/ | kʼakʼu /kʼakʼu/ | chichiní /tʃitʃiní/ | čūriyen /tʃuːɾijen/ |
| Luna | buu /buː/ | beeu /beːu/ | nii /niː/ | uj /uh/ | ixaw /iʃaw/ | papá /papá/ | niḷā /niɭaː/ |
| Stella | balgui /balɡi/ | béleguí /beleɡiʔ/ | niisgwa /niːskwa/ | eekʼ /eːkʼ/ | kʼanal /kʼanal/ | staku /staku/ | naṭčattiram /naʈtʃatːiɾam/ |
| Notte | gueel /ɡeːl/ | gueela /ɡeːla/ | mutik /mutik/ | áakʼabʼ /aːkʼaɓ/ | aʼkwal /aʔkʷal/ | tsisní /tsisní/ | ravu /ravu/ |
| Pioggia | nisguia /nisɡia/ | nisaguié /nisaɡie/ | — | cháak /tʃáːk/ | — | sin /sin/ | — |
| Vento | bi /bi/ | bi /bi/ | burwa /burwa/ | iikʼ /iːkʼ/ | ikʼ /ʔikʼ/ | uún /uún/ | — |
| Terra | yiu /jiu/ | yu /ju/ | napa /napa/ | luʼum /luʔum/ | luʼum /luʔum/ | tíyat /tíjat/ | — |
| Pietra | guia /ɡia/ | guie /ɡie/ | akwa /akwa/ | tuunich /tuːˈnitʃ/ | ton /ton/ | chíwix /tʃíwiʃ/ | kal /kal/ |
| Montagna | dany /daɲ/ | dani /dani/ | yar /jaɾ/ | wiits /wiːts/ | wits /wits/ | kestín /kestín/ | — |
| Mare | nisdoo /nisdoː/ | nisadoʼ /nisadoʔ/ | demar /temaɾ/ | kʼáaʼnáab /kʼaːʔnaːb/ | niwan paman jaʼ /niwan paman haʔ/ | pupunú /pupunú/ | — |
| Madre | xnan /ʃnan/ | jñaa /xɲaː/ | nan /nan/ | naʼ /naʔ/ | nan /nan/ | tzí /tsí/ | ammā /amːaː/ |
| Padre | xtad /ʃtad/ | bixhoze /biʃoze/ | baba /baba/ | taata /taːta/ | tat /tat/ | tlat /tɬat/ | ayyā /ajːaː/ |
| Figlia | zhinyzhyap /ʒiɲʒjap/ | xiñi dxaapa /ʃiɲi dʒaːpa/ | sisgwa /sisɡwa/ | x aal /ʃaːl/ | ʼixukil /ʔiʃukil/ | tsumat /tsumat/ | — |
| Io | naa /naː/ | naa /naːʔ/ | an /an/ | teen /teːn/ | keʼn /keʔn/ | akit /akit/ | nānu /naːnu/ |
| Tu | liʼ /liʔ/ | liiʼ /liːʔ/ | be /pe/ | teech /teːtʃ/ | weʼn /weʔn/ | wix /wiʃ/ | nī /niː/ |
| Noi | nuʼ /nuʔ/ | laanu / laadu /laːnu / laːdu/ | anmar /anmar/ | toʼon /toʔon/ | keʼntik / keʼntikon /keʔntik / keʔntikon/ | akinín /akinín/ | nāvu /naːvu/ |
| Nome | laʼ /laʔ/ | lá /la/ | nug /nuk/ | kʼaabaʼ /kʼaːɓaʔ/ | bʼiʼil /ɓiʔil/ | takuwiní /takuwiní/ | pēru /peːɾu/ |
| Persona | bniety /bnietj/ | binni /binːi/ | dule /tule/ | máak /maːk/ | winkil /winkil/ | — | — |
| Testa | guëcy /ɡəkʲ/ | ique /ike/ | nono /nono/ | pool /poːl/ | ʼolom /ʔolom/ | akgxakga /aqʃaqa/ | — |
| Occhio | bsloo /bsloː/ | lú /lú/ | ibya /ibja/ | ich /itʃ/ | satej /sateh/ | lakgastapu /laqastapu/ | kaṇṇ /kaɳː/ |
| Orecchio | diaga /diaɡa/ | diaga /diaɡa/ | uaduk /uaduk/ | xikin /ʃikin/ | chikin /tʃikin/ | takgén /taqén/ | kādu /kaːdu/ |
| Naso | zhi /ʒi/ | xii /ʃiː/ | asu /asu/ | niʼ /niʔ/ | niʼ /niʔ/ | — | mūku /muːku/ |
| Bocca | ruu /ɾuː/ | ruaa /ɾuaː/ | kaya /kaja/ | chiʼ /tʃiʔ/ | tiʼ /tiʔ/ | kilhni /kiɬni/ | vāyi /vaːji/ |
| Dente | yalay /jalaj/ | laya /laja/ | nugar /nuɡar/ | koh /koh/ | ex /eʃ/ | tatsán /tatsán/ | pallu /palːu/ |
| Lingua | ludxy /ludʒj/ | ludxi /ludʒi/ | kuabin /kuabin/ | aakʼ /aːkʼ/ | akʼ /akʼ/ | simakgat /simaqat/ | nāku /naːku/ |
| Mano | na /na/ | na /naʔ/ | arigan /aɾiɡan/ | kʼabʼ /kʼaɓ/ | kʼabʼ /kʼaɓ/ | makán /makán/ | kayyu /kajːu/ |
| Piede | nii /niː/ | ñee /ɲeː/ | nag /nak/ | ook /oːk/ | ok /ok/ | tantún /tantún/ | kālu /kaːlu/ |
| Cuore | lazdoo /lazdoː/ | ladxi /ladʒi/ | kurgin /kuɾɡin/ | puksiʼikʼal /puksiʔikʼal/ | altzil /altsil/ | naku /naku/ | idayam /idajam/ |
| Osso | dxit /dʒit/ | dxita /dʒita/ | kar /kaɾ/ | bʼaak /ɓaːk/ | bakel /ɓakel/ | lúkut /lúkut/ | elumbu /elumbu/ |
| Sangue | rén /ɾen/ | rini /rini/ | abe /abe/ | kʼiʼikʼ /kʼiʔikʼ/ | chikʼel /tʃikʼel/ | kgalhni /qaɬni/ | netaru /netaru/ |
| Amore | rcaaz /ɾkaːz/ | ranaxhii /ɾanaʃiː/ | sabbi /sabːi/ | yaakuntej /jaːkunteh/ | skʼana /skʼana/ | — /—/ | kāhal /kaːhal/ |
| Albero | yag /jaɡ/ | yaga /jaɡa/ | sappi /sapːi/ | cheʼ /tʃeʔ/ | teʼ /teʔ/ | kiwi /kiwi/ | maram /maɾam/ |
| Cane | beecu /beːku/ | biʼcuʼ /biʔkuʔ/ | achu /atʃu/ | peekʼ /peːkʼ/ | tsʼiʼ /tsʼiʔ/ | chichi /tʃitʃi/ | nāyi /naːji/ |
| Gatto | mishu /miʃu/ | mistuu /mistuː/ | miji /midʒi/ | miis /miːs/ | mis /mis/ | mishtu /miʃtu/ | pūne /puːne/ |
| Pesce | beld /beld/ | benda /benda/ | ua /ua/ | kay /kaj/ | chay /tʃaj/ | skiti /skiti/ | mīn /miːn/ |
| Farfalla | beguidy /beɡidj/ | biguidiʼ /biɡidiʔ/ | — | péepen /peːpen/ | pejpen /pehpen/ | — | — |
| Cavallo | cabay /kabaj/ | maniʼ /maniʔ/ | moli /moli/ | tsíimin /tsiːmin/ | kawu /kawu/ | kawayu /kawaju/ | — |
| Casa | yuu /juː/ | lidxi /lidʒi/ | nega /neɡa/ | naj /nah/ | naj /nah/ | chiki /tʃiki/ | vīḍu /viːɖu/ |
| Latte | lech /letʃ/ | leche /letʃe/ | nunis /nunis/ | leche /letʃe/ | lech /letʃ/ | leche /letʃe/ | pāl /paːl/ |
| Sale | zeidy /zeidj/ | zidi /zidi/ | balu /palu/ | taʼab /taʔaɓ/ | atsʼam /atsʼam/ | mátzat /mátsat/ | — |
| Vino | vin /vin/ | vinu /binu/ | vino /ˈbino/ | vino /bino/ | yaalel tzʼusub /jaːlel tsʼusub/ | vino /bino/ | — |
| Riso | rros /ros/ | arros /aɾos/ | oros /oɾos/ | arroz /aros/ | ʼaros /ʔaros/ | — | — |
| Cioccolato | nax /naʃ/ | dxuladi /dʒuladi/ | — | chukwaʼ /tʃukwaʔ/ | tsʼanubʼal kakaw /tsʼanuɓal kakaw/ | — | — |
| Ferro | gyieb /ɡʲieb/ | guiibaʼ /ɡiːbaʔ/ | esgoro /esɡoɾo/ | máaskab /maːskab/ | takʼin /takʼin/ | likán /likán/ | — |
| Ruota | rrued /rued/ | rueeda /ɾweːda/ | yanda /janda/ | rueda /rweda/ | rweda /rweda/ | — | — |
| Seta | sed /sed/ | seda /seda/ | seda /seda/ | seda /seda/ | seda /seda/ | seda /seda/ | — |
| Libro | liebr /liebɾ/ | guiʼchi /ɡiʔtʃi/ | garda /ɡaɾda/ | juʼun /huʔun/ | juʼun /huʔun/ | libro /libro/ | — |
| Mangiare | rau /ɾau/ | ro /ɾo/ | gunne /ɡune/ | jaant /haːnt/ | waʼel /waʔel/ | wayán /waján/ | činnu /tʃinːu/ |
| Bere | re /ɾe/ | ge /ɡe/ | gobe /ɡobe/ | ukʼul /ukʼul/ | ukʼ /ukʼ/ | kgotnún /qotnún/ | kuḍi /kuɖi/ |
| Dormire | rasi /ɾasi/ | rasi /ɾasi/ | gabe /ɡabe/ | wenel /wenel/ | wayel /wajel/ | lhtata /ɬtata/ | rongu /roŋɡu/ |
| Uno | tuby /tubj/ | tobi /tobi/ | kuenki /kweŋki/ | jun /hun/ | jun /hun/ | aktum /aktum/ | onnu /onːu/ |
| Due | tiop /tiop/ | chupa /tʃupa/ | bo /po/ | kaʼ /kaʔ/ | chabʼ /tʃaɓ/ | aktuy /aktuj/ | reṇḍu /reɳɖu/ |
| Tre | chon /tʃon/ | chonna /tʃonːa/ | baa /baː/ | óox /ʔoːʃ/ | oxe /oʃe/ | aktutu /aktutu/ | mūnru /muːnɾu/ |
| Quattro | tap /tap/ | tapa /tapa/ | bake /pake/ | kan /kan/ | chane /tʃane/ | aktati /aktati/ | nālu /naːlu/ |
| Cinque | gai /ɡai/ | gaayuʼ /ɡaːjuʔ/ | atar /ataɾ/ | joʼ /hoʔ/ | joʼe /hoʔe/ | kitsis /kitsis/ | anju /aɲdʒu/ |
| Cento | gayuaa /ɡajuaː/ | gayuaa /ɡajuaː/ | dulatar /dulataɾ/ | joʼokʼáal /hoʔokʼaːl/ | joʼ winkeʼ /hoʔ winkeʔ/ | ciento /sjento/ | nūru /nuːɾu/ |
| Ciao | padiux /padiuʃ/ | padixhe /padiʃe/ | nuedi /nweðiː/ | baʼax ka waʼalik /baʔaʃ ka waʔalik/ | lekilukʼ /lekilukʼ/ | tlen lhítat /tɬen ɬítat/ | vannakkam /vanːakːam/ |
| Grazie | xclen loʼ /ʃklen loʔ/ | xtiozenu /ʃtjozenu/ | nuedi malo /nweðiː malo/ | dios boʼotik /dios boʔotik/ | yuj /juh/ | paʼxkatkatsiniyán /paʔʃkatkatsiniján/ | nanri /nanɾi/ |
| Buono | nazaac /nazaːk/ | nazaaca /nazaːka/ | nuegan /nweɡan/ | maʼalob /maʔalob/ | lek /lek/ | tlan /tɬan/ | nalla /nalːa/ |
| Nuovo | cuby /kubj/ | nacubi /nakubi/ | binid /binid/ | túumben /tuːmben/ | yajkʼachil /jahkʼatʃil/ | xasasti /ʃasasti/ | — |
| Rosso | xnia /ʃnia/ | xiñaʼ /ʃiɲaʔ/ | kinnid /kinːid/ | chak /tʃak/ | chak /tʃak/ | tsutsokgo /tsutsoqo/ | sikappu /sikappu/ |
| Bianco | nguits /ŋɡits/ | quichi /kitʃi/ | sipu /sipu/ | sak /sak/ | sak /sak/ | snapapa /snapapa/ | — |
| Nero | ngas /ŋas/ | nayaaseʼ /najaːseʔ/ | sichid /sitʃid/ | box /boʃ/ | kʼikʼ /kʼikʼ/ | tsitsekge /tsitseqe/ | — |
| Verde | nga /ŋa/ | naberde /naberde/ | arrad /arːad/ | yaʼax /jaʔaʃ/ | yaʼax /jaʔaʃ/ | — | — |
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