Sakizaya
Kisakizaya
Kiaustronesia
Kisakizaya ni lugha ya Kiaustronesia ya Kiformosa kutoka tawi la Kiformosa cha Mashariki, iliyotambuliwa kama taifa la 13 rasmi la wenyeji wa Taiwan mwaka 2007 baada ya karne nyingi za kuainishwa ndani ya Kiamis (ami). Wasakizaya ni wazawa wa walionusurika katika Mauaji ya Takobowan ya mwaka 1878, wakati majeshi ya Qing yaliharibu makazi ya kihistoria ya Takobowan katika tambarare ya Hualien; walionusurika walijiunga na jamii za Kiamis, jambo lililosababisha utambulisho wa Kisakizaya kumezwa kiisimu na kikabila kwa takriban miaka 125. Utambuzi wa mwaka 2007 ulikuja baada ya juhudi endelevu za jamii, sambamba na uhuishaji wa kitamaduni wa Wasakizaya kupitia sherehe ya mavuno ya kila mwaka ya Palamal. Kisakizaya kinabaki na sifa za kifonolojia zinazotofautiana na Kiamis (mfumo wa irabu, baadhi ya konsonanti) na msamiati wa kipekee.
Maeneo inakozungumzwa
Maneno 87 ya msingi katika Kisakizaya
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Ulinganishaji wa maneno
Imelinganishwa na lugha zenye uainishaji ule ule: Kiaustronesia
| Maana | Kisakizaya | Kiamis | Kikavalan | Kipuyuma | Proto-Austronesia | Kibunun | Kimalei cha Kale |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Maji | nanum /nanum/ | nanom /nanom/ | zanum /zaˈnum/ | enay /enai/ | *daNum /daNum/ | danum /danum/ | air /air/ |
| Moto | lamal /lamal/ | namal /namal/ | ramaz /raˈmaz/ | apuy /apui/ | *Sapuy /Sapuy/ | sapuz /sapuz/ | api /api/ |
| Jua | cidal /tʃidal/ | cidal /tsiðal/ | siban /siˈban/ | kadaw /kadaw/ | *waRi /waRi/ | vali /vali/ | matari /matari/ |
| Mwezi | bulad /bulad/ | folad /folað/ | buran /buˈran/ | bulan /buɭan/ | *bulaN /bulaN/ | buan /buan/ | bulan /bulan/ |
| Nyota | boʼis /boʔis/ | foʼis /foʔis/ | bituqan /bituqan/ | vituwan /vituwan/ | *bituqen /bituqen/ | bintuhan /bintuhan/ | bintang /bintaŋ/ |
| Usiku | labiʼ /labiʔ/ | lafiʼ /lafiʔ/ | qabi /ʁabiʔ/ | ʼarmeng /ʔarməŋ/ | *beRŋi /beʀŋi/ | labian /labian/ | malam /malam/ |
| Mvua | ʼudad /ʔuðað/ | ʼorad /ʔorad/ | uzan /uˈzan/ | ʼudal /ʔudal/ | *quzaN /quzaN/ | qudan /qudan/ | — |
| Theluji | sulda /sulda/ | soleda^ /soləðaʔ/ | suRna /suʁna/ | urelra /uɾəla/ | *SuReNa /SuReNa/ | paav /paav/ | — |
| Upepo | baliʼ /baliʔ/ | fali /fali/ | bari /baˈri/ | bali /baɭi/ | *bali /bali/ | luvluv /luvluv/ | — |
| Udongo | lalaʼ /ɾaɾaʔ/ | sera /səra/ | melanay /məɾaˈnaj/ | dare /ðarə/ | *taneq /taneq/ | dalah /dalah/ | — |
| Jiwe | baʼtu /baʔtu/ | fakeluh /fakeluh/ | btu /btu/ | barasa /barasa/ | *batu /batu/ | batu /batu/ | batu /batu/ |
| Mlima | buyuʼ /bujuʔ/ | lutuk /lutuk/ | naung /nauŋ/ | zenan /ʐənan/ | *bukij /bukij/ | ludun /ludun/ | — |
| Bahari | bayu /baju/ | riyar /rijar/ | lazing /laziŋ/ | lrevek /ɭəvək/ | *tenem /tenem/ | ning-av /ŋiŋʔav/ | — |
| Mama | ina /ina/ | ina /ina/ | tina /ˈtina/ | ina /ina/ | *ina /ina/ | tina /tina/ | ibu /ibu/ |
| Baba | ama /ama/ | ama /ama/ | tama /ˈtama/ | ama /ama/ | *ama /ama/ | tama /tama/ | bapa /bapa/ |
| Binti | tatayna a wawa /tatajna a wawa/ | fafahiyan a wawa /fafahijan a wawa/ | — | walrak na babayan /waɭak na babajan/ | — | uvaazpingaz /uvaazpiŋaz/ | — |
| Mimi | zaku /ʐaku/ | kako /kako/ | aiku /aiku/ | kuiku /kuiku/ | *aku /aku/ | saikin /saikin/ | aku /aku/ |
| Wewe | kisu /kisu/ | kiso /kiso/ | aisu /aisu/ | yu /ju/ | *iSu /iSu/ | suu /suʔu/ | kamu /kamu/ |
| Sisi | kita / kami /kita / kami/ | kita / kami /kita / kami/ | aita / aimi /aita / aimi/ | taita / mimi /taita / mimi/ | *kita / *kami /kita / kami/ | kata / kaimin /kata / kaimin/ | kita / kami /kita / kami/ |
| Jina | ngangan /ŋaŋan/ | ngangan /ŋaŋan/ | nangan /naŋan/ | ngadan /ŋadan/ | *ŋajan /ŋajan/ | ngaan /ŋaan/ | ngaran /ŋaran/ |
| Mtu | tademaw /tadəmaw/ | tamdaw /tamðaw/ | lazat /lazat/ | trau /ʈau/ | *Cau /tsau/ | bunun /bunun/ | — |
| Kichwa | tangah /taŋah/ | tangal /taŋal/ | uru /uʁu/ | tranguruʼ /ʈaŋuɾuʔ/ | *quluh /quluh/ | bungu /buŋu/ | — |
| Jicho | mata /mata/ | mata /mata/ | mata /maˈta/ | mata /mata/ | *maCa /maCa/ | mata /mata/ | mata /mata/ |
| Sikio | tangilaʼ /taŋilaʔ/ | tangila /taŋila/ | kayal /kajal/ | tangila /taŋiɭa/ | *Caliŋa /tsaliŋa/ | tainga /taiŋa/ | — |
| Pua | cihek /tsihək/ | ngosoʼ /ŋosoʔ/ | unung /unuŋ/ | tingran /tiŋɾan/ | *ujuŋ /ujuŋ/ | ngutus /ŋutus/ | — |
| Mdomo | laway /lawaj/ | ngoyos /ŋojos/ | ngibiR /ŋibiʁ/ | indan /indan/ | — | ngulus /ŋulus/ | — |
| Jino | ngipən /ŋipən/ | walis /walis/ | bangraw /baŋʁau/ | wali /wali/ | *nipen /nipen/ | nipun /nipun/ | gigi /ɡiɡi/ |
| Ulimi | səmaʼ /səmaʔ/ | sema /səmaʔ/ | rilam /ʁilam/ | lidam /ɭiɖam/ | *Sema /Sema/ | mamaʼ /mamaʔ/ | lidah /lidah/ |
| Mkono | kamay /kamai/ | kamay /kamaj/ | rima /riˈma/ | lima /lima/ | *lima /lima/ | ima /ima/ | tangan /taŋan/ |
| Moyo | gawang /ɡawaŋ/ | falokoʼ /falokoʔ/ | anem /aˈnəm/ | kalumetan /kalumetan/ | *pusuq /pusuq/ | is-ang /isaŋ/ | hati /hati/ |
| Mfupa | ʼukak /ʔukak/ | ʼokak /ʔokak/ | tiran /tiʁan/ | ukak /ukak/ | *CuqelaN /CuqelaN/ | tuhnaz /tuhnað/ | tulang /tulaŋ/ |
| Damu | ʼidang /ʔidaŋ/ | remes /rəməs/ | rinang /ʁinaŋ/ | damuk /damuk/ | *daRaq /daRaq/ | haidang /haidaŋ/ | darah /darah/ |
| Kinyesi | taiʼ /taiʔ/ | tayiʼ /tajiʔ/ | tad /tad/ | traʼi /ʈaʔi/ | *Caqi /tsaqi/ | taki /taki/ | — |
| Upendo | maolah /maolah/ | maolah /maolah/ | — /—/ | ulaw /ulaw/ | — /—/ | madaidaz /madaidaz/ | sayang /sajaŋ/ |
| Mti | kilang /kilaŋ/ | kilang /kilaŋ/ | kasuy /kaˈsuj/ | kawi /kawi/ | *kaSiw /kaSiw/ | kahu /kahu/ | kayu /kaju/ |
| Mbwa | waco /watʃo/ | wacu /watsu/ | wasu /waˈsu/ | suwan /suwan/ | *asu /asu/ | asu /asu/ | anjing /andʒiŋ/ |
| Paka | posi /posi/ | posi /posi/ | ngiyaw /ŋiˈjaw/ | kating /katiŋ/ | — /—/ | ngingiyaw /ŋiŋijaw/ | — /—/ |
| Samaki | buting /butiŋ/ | futing /futiŋ/ | baut /baut/ | kuraw /kuɾaw/ | *Sikan /Sikan/ | iskan /iskan/ | ikan /ikan/ |
| Ndege | ayam /ajam/ | ayam /ˈajam/ | alam /aˈɬam/ | ayam /ajam/ | *manuk /manuk/ | hazam /hazam/ | burung /buruŋ/ |
| Kipepeo | adipapang /adipapaŋ/ | ʼadipangpang /ʔaðipaŋpaŋ/ | pulaw /pulaw/ | aribanglranglrawan /aɾibaŋɭaŋɭawan/ | *baŋbaŋ /baŋbaŋ/ | balikuan /balikuan/ | — |
| Yai | tiʼkuk /tiʔkuk/ | fitaʼol /fitaʔol/ | tirur /tiʁuʁ/ | bitrenun /biʈənun/ | *qiCeluR /qicəlur/ | lububunun /lububunun/ | — |
| Dubu | tumay /tumai/ | tomay /tomaj/ | tumay /tuˈmai/ | trumay /ʈumaj/ | *Cumay /Cumay/ | tumaz /tumað/ | — |
| Farasi | kabayu /kabaju/ | efa /əfa/ | kebayu /kəbaju/ | eva /əva/ | — | tasasikis /tasasikis/ | — |
| Nyumba | luma /luma/ | lomaʼ /lomaʔ/ | lepaw /ləˈpaw/ | ruma /ɾuma/ | *Rumaq /Rumaq/ | lumaq /lumaq/ | rumah /rumah/ |
| Maziwa | hacul /hatsul/ | hacol /hatsol/ | — | susu /susu/ | — | susu /susu/ | susu /susu/ |
| Asali | waneng nu wadu /wanəŋ nu wadu/ | waneng no ʼodal /waneŋ no ʔoðal/ | wanu /wanu/ | kawalruwan /kawaɭuwan/ | — | vanu /vanu/ | — |
| Chumvi | cikah /tsikah/ | cilah /tsilah/ | zemiyan /zəmijan/ | iyam /ijam/ | *qasiRa /qasiRa/ | hasila /hasila/ | garam /ɡaram/ |
| Mchele | belac /bəlats/ | felac /fəlats/ | beRas /bəʁas/ | veras /vəɾas/ | *beRas /beRas/ | cilas /tsilas/ | — |
| Chokoleti | chocolate | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Chuma | mukin /mukin/ | marad /marad/ | balis /baˈlis/ | batulrayaw /batuɭajaw/ | *Namat /Namat/ | ngul-a /ŋulʔa/ | — |
| Gurudumu | bihel /bihel/ | fiher /fiher/ | krizeng /kriˈzəŋ/ | mutralatralaw /muʈalaʈalaw/ | — | tauntaun /tauntaun/ | — |
| Kitabu | cudad /tsudad/ | cudad /tsuðad/ | sudad /sudad/ | valray /vaɭaj/ | — | patasan /patasan/ | — |
| Kula | hekal /hekal/ | komaen /komaən/ | quman /quˈman/ | kuman /kuman/ | *kaen /kaen/ | maun /maun/ | makan /makan/ |
| Kunywa | mihecak /mihetʃak/ | minom /minom/ | mimum /miˈmum/ | enpa /enpa/ | *inum /inum/ | muqun /muqun/ | minum /minum/ |
| Kulala | mabiʼ /mabiʔ/ | mafotiʼ /mafotiʔ/ | mainep /maiˈnəp/ | alrupeʼ /aɭupəʔ/ | *tuduR /tuduR/ | masabah /masabah/ | tidur /tidur/ |
| Moja | cacay /tʃatʃai/ | cecay /tsetsaj/ | issa /ˈissa/ | sa /sa/ | *isa /isa/ | tasa /tasa/ | sa /sa/ |
| Mbili | tusa /tusa/ | tosa /tosaʔ/ | zusa /zusa/ | zua /ʐua/ | *duSa /duSa/ | dusa /dusa/ | dua /dua/ |
| Tatu | tulu /tulu/ | tolo /tolo/ | turu /tuɾu/ | telu /təlu/ | *telu /telu/ | tau /tau/ | tlu /tlu/ |
| Nne | sepat /səpat/ | sepat /səpat/ | spat /spat/ | pat /pat/ | *Sepat /səpat/ | paat /paːt/ | mpat /əmpat/ |
| Tano | lima /lima/ | lima /lima/ | rima /riˈma/ | lima /lima/ | *lima /lima/ | hima /hima/ | lima /lima/ |
| Mia | lasubu /lasubu/ | smoʼot /smoʔot/ | Rasibu /ʁasibu/ | saleman /saɭəman/ | *RaCus /RaCus/ | saba /saba/ | ratus /ratus/ |
| Habari | marayas /maɾajas/ | ngaʼay ho /ŋaʔaj ho/ | — /—/ | marayas /maɾajas/ | — /—/ | uninang /uninaŋ/ | — /—/ |
| Asante | lalumahan /lalumahan/ | aray /araj/ | — /—/ | kasapakan /kasapakan/ | — /—/ | uninang /uninaŋ/ | — /—/ |
| Nzuri | kapah /kapah/ | kapah /kapah/ | nngi /nŋi/ | mauruway /mauɾuwai/ | — /—/ | masial /masial/ | baik /baik/ |
| Mpya | baluhay /baluhaj/ | faluhay /faluhaj/ | tasu /tasu/ | bekal /bəkaɭ/ | *baqeRuh /baqeRuh/ | bahlu /baɬu/ | — |
| Nyekundu | sumanah /sumanah/ | kahengangay /kahəŋaŋaj/ | tebari /təbaʀi/ | midarang /miɖaraŋ/ | *ma-iRaq /ma-iRaq/ | madanghas /madaŋhas/ | merah /merah/ |
| Nyeupe | sanglac /saŋlatʃ/ | fohecalay /fohətsalaj/ | busar /busaʀ/ | bulenan /buɭənan/ | *ma-putiq /maputiq/ | maduhlas /maduɬas/ | putih /putih/ |
| Nyeusi | lumeniʼ /luməniʔ/ | kohtingay /kohtiŋaj/ | tengen /təŋən/ | udedem /uɖəɖəm/ | *qeCeŋeN /qeCeŋeN/ | matahdung /matahduŋ/ | hitam /hitam/ |
| Kijani | langdaway /laŋdawaj/ | kangdaway /kaŋdawaj/ | puli /puli/ | miraʼat /miraʔat/ | — | masanglav /masaŋlav/ | — |
| Buluu | sumilaway /sumilawaj/ | langdaway /laŋdawaj/ | puli /puli/ | tremangiya /ʈəmaŋija/ | — | masanglav /masaŋlav/ | — |
| Kompyuta | tingnaw /tiŋnaw/ | tingnaw /tiŋnaw/ | tiannaw /tiannaw/ | tinnaw /tinnaw/ | — | tinnau /tinnau/ | — |
| Wi-Fi | Wi-Fi | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Chai | ucya /utʃja/ | ociya /otsija/ | — | — | — | ucia /utsia/ | — |
| Kahawa | kuhi /kuhi/ | kohi /kohi/ | — | — | — | kapi /kapi/ | — |
| Sukari | waneng /wanəŋ/ | waneng /waneŋ/ | waneng /waˈnəŋ/ | walru | — | kamasia /kamasia/ | — |
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