Pa-Zande
Kizande
Niger-Kongo
Kizande (kwa jina la asili Pa-Zande) ni lugha ya Kiubangi ya familia ya Niger-Congo, inayozungumzwa na takriban watu milioni 1.1 katika maeneo ya mpakani mwa Sudan Kusini, Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo, na Jamhuri ya Afrika ya Kati. Kizande kinajulikana kimataifa kama mada ya monografia ya kale ya kianthropolojia ya mwaka 1937 ya E. E. Evans-Pritchard, "Witchcraft, Oracles and Magic Among the Azande" (Uchawi, Ramli na Uganga miongoni mwa Waazande), mojawapo ya kazi za msingi za anthropolojia ya kijamii ya Uingereza zilizoathiri kwa kina nadharia ya kianthropolojia ya busara na uchawi katika karne ya 20. Ufalme wa Zande (nasaba ya Avongara) ulikuwa dola kuu ya Afrika ya Kati kabla ya ukoloni kuanzia karne ya 18 hadi mwishoni mwa karne ya 19 kabla ya kugawanywa miongoni mwa madola ya kikoloni ya Uingereza, Ufaransa na Ubelgiji. Kiisimu, Kizande ni sehemu ya tawi la Kiubangi la Niger-Congo (SI Kibantu, licha ya mahali pake Afrika ya Kati), likiwa na lugha dada Kinzakara na kundi la mbali zaidi la Ngbandi-Sango.
Maeneo inakozungumzwa
Maneno 87 ya msingi katika Kizande
Vyanzo
Ulinganishaji wa maneno
Imelinganishwa na lugha zenye uainishaji ule ule: Niger-Kongo
| Maana | Kizande | Kisango | Kikikuyu | Kikamba | Kimeru | Kiembu | Kimanda |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Maji | ime /ime/ | ngu /ŋɡu/ | maaĩ /maːe/ | kĩwʼũ /kiwu/ | rũũjĩ /ɾoːdʒe/ | manjĩ /maɲdʒe/ | ࡌࡉࡀ /mia/ |
| Moto | we /we/ | wa /wa/ | mwaki /mwaki/ | mwaki /mwaki/ | mwanki /mwaŋki/ | mwaki /mwaki/ | ࡍࡅࡓࡀ /nura/ |
| Jua | uru /uɾu/ | lâ /la/ | riũa /ɾioa/ | syũa /sjua/ | riũa /ɾioa/ | riũa /ɾioa/ | ࡔࡀࡌࡔࡀ /ʃamʃa/ |
| Mwezi | diwi /diwi/ | nzë /nzɛ/ | mweri /mwɛɾi/ | mwei /mwei/ | mweri /mwɛɾi/ | mweri /mwɛɾi/ | ࡎࡉࡓࡀ /sira/ |
| Nyota | kerekuru /kɛɾɛkuɾu/ | tongoro /toŋɡoro/ | njata /ɲdʒata/ | nzaĩ /nzai/ | njota /ndʒɔta/ | njata /ɲdʒata/ | ࡊࡅࡊࡁࡀ /ˈkukba/ |
| Usiku | yuru /juru/ | bï /bi/ | ũtukũ /otuko/ | ũtukũ /utuku/ | ũtukũ /otuko/ | ũtukũ /otuko/ | ࡋࡉࡋࡉࡀ /lilja/ |
| Mvua | mai /mai/ | ngunzapa /ŋɡunzapa/ | mbura /ˈmbura/ | mbua /ˈmbua/ | ngai /ŋɡai/ | mbura /mbura/ | — |
| Upepo | yuge /juɡe/ | pupu /pupu/ | rũhuho /ɾòhùːhɔ̀/ | kĩseve /kiseve/ | ruuo /ɾuːɔ/ | rũkũngi /ɾokoŋɡi/ | — |
| Udongo | sende /sɛndɛ/ | sêse /sɛsɛ/ | tĩĩri /teːɾi/ | muthanga /muθaŋɡa/ | mũthetu /moðɛtu/ | mũthetu /moðɛtu/ | ࡀࡓࡒࡀ /arqa/ |
| Jiwe | mbia /mbia/ | tênë /tɛnɛ/ | ihiga /iˈhiɣa/ | ivia /ivia/ | iiga /iːɡa/ | ĩthiga /eðiɡa/ | ࡂࡋࡀࡋࡀ /ɡlala/ |
| Mlima | gangara /ɡaŋɡara/ | hoto /hoto/ | kĩrĩma /keɾema/ | kĩĩma /kiːma/ | kĩrĩma /keɾema/ | kĩrĩma /keɾema/ | ࡈࡅࡓࡀ /tˤura/ |
| Bahari | baime /baime/ | ngû-îngö /ŋɡu iŋɡɔ/ | — | ũkanga /ukaŋɡa/ | ĩria /eɾia/ | ĩria /eɾia/ | — |
| Mama | na /na/ | mama /mama/ | maitũ /maito/ | mwaitũ /mwaitu/ | mami /mami/ | nyanya /ɲaɲa/ | ࡀࡌࡀ /ama/ |
| Baba | ba /ba/ | babâ /baba/ | baba /baba/ | asa /asa/ | baaba /baːba/ | vava /βaβa/ | ࡀࡁࡀ /aba/ |
| Mimi | mi /mi/ | mbi /mbi/ | niĩ /nie/ | nyie /ɲie/ | ni /ni/ | nie /niɛ/ | ࡀࡍࡀ /ˈana/ |
| Wewe | mo /mo/ | mo /mo/ | wee /wɛː/ | we /we/ | gwe /ɡwɛ/ | we /wɛ/ | ࡀࡍࡀࡕ /at/ |
| Sisi | ani /ani/ | e /e/ | ithuĩ /iðue/ | ithye /iðje/ | tuĩ /tue/ | tue /tuɛ/ | ࡀࡍࡉࡍ /ˈanin/ |
| Jina | rimo /ɾimo/ | iri /iri/ | rĩĩtwa /ɾeːtwa/ | ĩsyĩtwa /isʲitwa/ | rĩĩtwa /ɾeːtwa/ | rĩĩtwa /ɾeːtwa/ | ࡔࡅࡌࡀ /ˈʃuma/ |
| Mtu | boro /boro/ | zo /zo/ | mũndũ /mondo/ | mũndũ /mundu/ | muntũ /munto/ | mũndũ /mondo/ | ࡀࡍࡀࡔࡀ /anaʃa/ |
| Jicho | bangiri /baŋɡiɾi/ | lê /lɛ/ | riitho /riːðɔ/ | ĩtho /iθo/ | riitho /ɾiːðɔ/ | riitho /ɾiːðɔ/ | ࡏࡉࡍࡀ /ʔina/ |
| Sikio | tu /tu/ | mê /mɛ̂/ | gũtũ /ɣoto/ | kutu /kutu/ | gũtũ /ɡoto/ | gũtũ /ɡoto/ | ࡏࡅࡃࡍࡀ /odna/ |
| Pua | ho /ho/ | hôn /hõ/ | iniũrũ /inioɾo/ | inyũũ /iɲuː/ | nyiũrũ /ɲioɾo/ | ĩniũrũ /enioɾo/ | ࡍࡄࡉࡓࡀ /nhira/ |
| Mdomo | ngba /ŋɡba/ | yângâ /jaŋɡa/ | kanua /kaˈnua/ | kanywa /kaɲwa/ | kanyua /kaɲua/ | kanyua /kaɲua/ | ࡐࡅࡌࡀ /puma/ |
| Jino | rinde /rinde/ | pembe /pɛmbɛ/ | igego /iɣɛɣɔ/ | ĩyo /ĩjo/ | ĩĩgo /eːɡɔ/ | ĩgego /eɡɛɡɔ/ | ࡔࡉࡍࡀ /ʃinːa/ |
| Ulimi | mira /mira/ | mêngâ /mɛŋɡa/ | rũrĩmĩ /ɾoɾeme/ | ũĩmi /uimi/ | rũũme /ɾoːmɛ/ | rũrĩmĩ /roɾeme/ | ࡋࡉࡔࡀࡍࡀ /liʃana/ |
| Mkono | be /be/ | maboko /maboko/ | guoko /ɡuɔkɔ/ | kwʼoko /kwoko/ | njara /ndʒaɾa/ | kĩvoko /keβɔkɔ/ | ࡏࡃࡀ /ʔida/ |
| Mguu | kpendu /kpendu/ | gerê /ɡɛrɛ/ | kũgũrũ /koɣoro/ | kũũ /kuː/ | kũgũrũ /koɡoɾo/ | kũgũrũ /koɡoro/ | ࡋࡉࡂࡓࡀ /liɡra/ |
| Moyo | ngbaduse /ŋɡbaduse/ | bê /bɛ/ | ngoro /ŋɡɔɾɔ/ | ngoo /ŋɡoː/ | nkoro /ŋkɔɾɔ/ | ngoro /ŋɡɔɾɔ/ | ࡋࡉࡁࡀ /liba/ |
| Mfupa | meme /meme/ | biö /bio/ | ihĩndĩ /ihende/ | ĩvĩndĩ /ivindi/ | mwĩndĩndĩ /mwendende/ | ĩvĩndĩ /evende/ | ࡂࡉࡓࡌࡀ /ɡerma/ |
| Damu | kure /kure/ | mênë /mɛnɛ/ | thakame /ðakamɛ/ | nthakame /nðakame/ | tharike /ðaɾikɛ/ | nthakame /nðakamɛ/ | ࡆࡌࡀ /zma/ |
| Upendo | kpinyemu /kpiɲemu/ | ndoyê /ndojɛ/ | wendo /wɛndɔ/ | wendo /wendo/ | wendo /wɛndɔ/ | wendo /wɛndɔ/ | ࡓࡅࡄࡌࡀ /ruhma/ |
| Mti | ngua /ŋɡua/ | kêkê /kɛkɛ/ | mũtĩ /mote/ | mũtĩ /muti/ | mũtĩ /mote/ | mũtĩ /mote/ | ࡏࡋࡀࡍࡀ /ilana/ |
| Mbwa | ango /aŋɡo/ | mbo /mbo/ | ngui /ŋɡui/ | ngitĩ /ŋɡiti/ | kurũ /kuɾo/ | ngui /ŋɡui/ | ࡊࡀࡋࡁࡀ /kalba/ |
| Paka | gbabo /ɡbabo/ | nyao /ɲao/ | nyaũ /ɲao/ | mbaka /mbaka/ | nyau /ɲau/ | nyau /ɲau/ | ࡔࡅࡍࡀࡓࡀ /ʃunara/ |
| Samaki | tio /tio/ | susu /susu/ | thamaki /ðamaki/ | ikoyo /ikojo/ | gĩkũyũ /ɡekojo/ | nthamaki /nðamaki/ | ࡍࡅࡍࡀ /nuna/ |
| Ndege | zire /zire/ | ndeke /ndeke/ | nyoni /ˈɲɔni/ | nyunyi /ɲuɲi/ | nyoni /ɲɔni/ | gĩconi /ɡetʃɔni/ | ࡑࡉࡐࡓࡀ /sipra/ |
| Kipepeo | fufurafu /fufuɾafu/ | püpülenge /pupulenɡe/ | kĩĩhuruta /keːhuruːta/ | kĩmbalutwʼa /kimbalutwa/ | — | — | — |
| Yai | para /paɾa/ | para /para/ | itumbĩ /itumbe/ | itumbi /itumbi/ | nkara /ŋkaɾa/ | ĩtumbĩ /etumbe/ | — |
| Dubu | urisi /uɾisi/ | urse /urse/ | nduba /nduba/ | nduva /nduva/ | — | — | — |
| Farasi | farasi /faɾasi/ | mbärätä /mbarata/ | mbarathi /mbaɾaði/ | mbalasi /mbalasi/ | mbarathi /mbaɾaði/ | mbarathi /mbaɾaði/ | — |
| Nyumba | bambu /bambu/ | dâ /da/ | nyũmba /ɲomba/ | nyũmba /ɲumba/ | nyomba /ɲɔmba/ | nyomba /ɲɔmba/ | ࡁࡉࡕࡀ /bita/ |
| Maziwa | momunya /momuɲa/ | ngû tî mê /ŋɡu ti mɛ/ | iria /iria/ | iia /iːa/ | ĩria /eɾia/ | ĩriia /eɾiːa/ | — |
| Asali | anyege /aɲeɡe/ | ngûlavu /ŋɡulavu/ | ũũkĩ /oːke/ | ũkĩ /uki/ | nainchũ /naintʃo/ | ũũkĩ /oːke/ | — |
| Chumvi | tikpo /tikpo/ | îngö /iŋɡɔ/ | cumbĩ /tʃumbe/ | mũnyũ /muɲu/ | chumbĩ /tʃumbe/ | cumbĩ /tʃumbe/ | ࡌࡉࡄࡋࡀ /mihla/ |
| Mvinyo | imekakue /imekakue/ | vin /vin/ | ndibei /ndibɛi/ | mbinyu /mbiɲu/ | ndibei /ndibɛi/ | ndivei /ndiβei/ | ࡄࡀࡌࡓࡀ /hamra/ |
| Mchele | mapunga /mapuŋɡa/ | lôso /loso/ | mũceere /motʃɛːrɛ/ | mũsele /musele/ | — | — | — |
| Chuma | mara /mara/ | wê /wɛ/ | kĩgera /keˈɣɛra/ | kyũma /kjuma/ | chuma /tʃuːma/ | cuma /tʃuma/ | ࡐࡀࡓࡆࡋࡀ /parzla/ |
| Gurudumu | ngbagida /ŋɡbaɡida/ | ruu /ruː/ | kĩgaragari /keɣaraɣari/ | ndĩa /ndia/ | — | nthugũ /nðuɡo/ | — |
| Kitabu | kitabu /kitabu/ | bûku /buku/ | ibuku /iβuku/ | ĩvuku /ivuku/ | yuku /juku/ | ĩvuku /evuku/ | ࡃࡓࡀࡔࡀ /draʃa/ |
| Kula | ri /ɾi/ | te /te/ | kũrĩa /koɾea/ | kũya /kuja/ | kũrĩa /koɾea/ | kũrĩa /koɾea/ | ࡀࡊࡀࡋ /akal/ |
| Kunywa | mbira /mbiɾa/ | nyon /ɲon/ | kũnyua /koɲua/ | kũnywa /kuɲwa/ | kũnyua /koɲua/ | kũnyua /koɲua/ | ࡔࡕࡀ /ʃta/ |
| Kulala | ra /ɾa/ | lango /laŋɡo/ | gũkoma /ɣoˈkɔma/ | koma /koma/ | kũmama /komama/ | kũmama /komama/ | ࡃࡌࡀࡊ /dmak/ |
| Moja | sa /sa/ | oko /oko/ | ĩmwe /emwɛ/ | ĩmwe /imwe/ | ĩmwe /emwɛ/ | ĩmwe /emwɛ/ | ࡄࡀࡃ /had/ |
| Mbili | ue /uwe/ | ûse /use/ | igĩrĩ /iɣeɾe/ | ilĩ /ili/ | ijĩĩrĩ /idʒeːɾe/ | igĩrĩ /iɡeɾe/ | ࡕࡓࡉࡍ /tren/ |
| Tatu | biata /biata/ | ota /ota/ | ithatũ /iðato/ | itatu /itatu/ | ithatũ /iðato/ | ithatũ /iðato/ | ࡕࡋࡀࡕࡀ /tlata/ |
| Nne | biama /biama/ | osiö /osiø/ | inya /iɲa/ | inya /iɲa/ | inya /iɲa/ | inya /iɲa/ | ࡀࡓࡁࡀ /arba/ |
| Tano | bisue /bisue/ | okü /oky/ | ithano /iðanɔ/ | itano /itano/ | ithaano /iðaːnɔ/ | ithano /iðanɔ/ | ࡄࡀࡌࡔࡀ /hamʃa/ |
| Mia | ngbangbu /ŋɡbaŋɡbu/ | ngbangbo oko /ŋɡbaŋɡbɔ oko/ | igana /iɣana/ | ĩana /iana/ | ĩgana /eɡana/ | ĩgana /eɡana/ | — |
| Habari | mo ima ya /mo ima ja/ | bara mo /bara mo/ | wĩmwega /wemwɛɡa/ | mwĩaĩle /mwiaile/ | muuga /muːɡa/ | wĩ mwaro /we mwaɾɔ/ | ࡔࡋࡀࡌࡀ /ʃlama/ |
| Asante | oni-tambua /oni-tambua/ | singila /siŋɡila/ | nĩ wega /ne wɛɡa/ | nĩ vinya /ni viɲa/ | nĩ bwega /ne bwɛɡa/ | — /—/ | ࡈࡀࡁࡅࡕࡀ /ʈabuta/ |
| Nzuri | wene /wene/ | nzöni /nzəni/ | wega /wɛɡa/ | museo /museo/ | mwega /mwɛɡa/ | mwaro /mwaɾɔ/ | ࡈࡀࡁࡀ /tˤaba/ |
| Mpya | vovo /vovo/ | fini /fini/ | kĩerũ /keɛro/ | mweũ /mweu/ | kĩerũ /keɛɾo/ | gĩcerũ /ɡetʃɛɾo/ | — |
| Nyekundu | zamba /zamba/ | bengba /beŋɡba/ | ũtune /otunɛ/ | ndune /nduneː/ | ntuune /ntuːnɛ/ | ndune /ndunɛ/ | ࡎࡅࡌࡒࡀ /sumqa/ |
| Nyeupe | pisi /pisi/ | vurü /vurɨ/ | werũ /wɛro/ | nzaũ /nzau/ | njerũ /ndʒɛɾo/ | njerũ /ndʒɛɾo/ | ࡄࡉࡅࡀࡓࡀ /hiwara/ |
| Nyeusi | bibiri /bibiɾi/ | vukö /vukɔ/ | ũirũ /oiro/ | nziũ /nziu/ | njirũ /ndʒiɾo/ | mbirũ /mbiɾo/ | ࡊࡅࡌࡀ /kuma/ |
| Kijani | nvutanvuta /nvutanvuta/ | ngûngunzä /ŋɡuŋɡunza/ | ngirini /ŋɡirini/ | ngilini /ŋɡilini/ | — | — | — |
| Kompyuta | kompiuta /kompiuta/ | ordinateur | kompiuta /kɔmpiuta/ | kombiũta /kombiuta/ | — | — | — |
| Kahawa | buni /buni/ | kâwa /kawa/ | kahũa /kahowa/ | kaawa /kaːwa/ | — | — | — |
| Sukari | sukari /sukaɾi/ | sûkere /sukɛrɛ/ | cukari /tʃukaːɾi/ | sukalĩ /sukali/ | — | — | — |
| Chungwa | oronzi /oɾonzi/ | orânze /orãzɛ/ | icungwa /itʃuŋɡwa/ | ĩsungwa /isuŋɡwa/ | — | — | — |
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