Nhanda
Pama-Nyunga
Nhanda (auch Nanda oder Nhanta) ist eine vom Aussterben bedrohte Pama-Nyungan-Aboriginesprache der mittleren Murchison-Gascoyne-Küste Westaustraliens, in der Nähe von Geraldton und Kalbarri. Die Sprache hat etwa 30 fließend sprechende ältere Sprecher sowie etwa 60 teilweise Sprechende innerhalb der breiteren, etwa 750 Personen umfassenden ethnischen Nhanda-Bevölkerung. Nhanda bewahrt klassische Pama-Nyungan-Merkmale, darunter ergativ-absolutivische Ausrichtung, suffigierende nominale Morphologie und eine reiche Verwandtschaftsterminologie. Die Referenzgrammatik von Blevins 2001 (Nhanda Aboriginal Language) machte die Sprache der akademischen Linguistik zugänglich, und das von der Gemeinschaft geleitete Nhanda Aboriginal Language Centre unterstützt die fortlaufende Revitalisierung durch Schulprogramme, Projekte zur mündlichen Geschichte und das Wajarri-Nhanda Cultural Centre.
Wo die Sprache gesprochen wird
Nhanda: 87 Kernwörter
Quellen
Wörter im Vergleich
Verglichen mit verwandten Sprachen: Pama-Nyunga
| Bedeutung | Nhanda | Martu Wangka | Pintupi-Luritja | Pitjantjatjara | Adnyamathanha | Lardil | Warlpiri |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wasser | kapi /kapi/ | kapi /kapi/ | kapi /kapi/ | kapi /kapi/ | awi /awi/ | nguka /ŋuka/ | ngapa /ŋapa/ |
| Feuer | warla /waɻla/ | waru /waɻu/ | waru /waɻu/ | waru /waɻu/ | ardrla /aʈɭa/ | nyuda /ɲuda/ | warlu /waɭu/ |
| Sonne | wurʼa /wuɾʔa/ | jirntu /ciɳʈu/ | tjintu /cintu/ | tjintu /cintu/ | yurnrdu /juɳʈu/ | warrka /waɾka/ | wanta /wanta/ |
| Mond | kanyala /kaɲala/ | panyalpa /paɲalpa/ | pira /piɻa/ | pira /piɻa/ | viRa /viɹa/ | kirdikir /kiɖikir/ | kirntangi /kiɳʈaŋi/ |
| Stern | indiya /indija/ | kurtalya /kuʈaʎa/ | kililpi /kiˈlilpi/ | kililpil /kiˈlilpil/ | vurdli /vuʈli/ | kuwa thungal /kuwa θuŋal/ | yanjilypiri /jaɲɟiʎpiɻi/ |
| Nacht | maru /maru/ | munga /muŋa/ | munga /muŋa/ | munga /muŋa/ | wilydya /wiʎca/ | nata /nata/ | munga /muŋa/ |
| Regen | pundu /pundu/ | — | — | mina /ˈmina/ | warrana /warana/ | — | minyira /miɲiɻa/ |
| Wind | uudinu /uudinu/ | walypa /waʎpa/ | walpa /walpa/ | walpa /walpa/ | milyaRu /miʎaɹu/ | — | warlpa /waɭpa/ |
| Mutter | ngamaji /ŋamadʒi/ | yipi /jipi/ | ngunytju /ŋuɲcu/ | ngunytju /ŋuɲcu/ | ngami /ŋami/ | ngama /ŋama/ | ngati /ŋati/ |
| Vater | kuthurra /kutʰuɻa/ | mama /mama/ | mama /mama/ | mama /mama/ | vapi /vapi/ | kantha /kan̪t̪a/ | kirda /kiɖa/ |
| Tochter | yurdu /juɖu/ | yurntalpa /juɳʈalpa/ | yuṉṯalpa /juɳʈalpa/ | uṉṯal /uɳʈal/ | — | — | yurntalpa /juɳʈalpa/ |
| Ich | ngayi /ŋaji/ | ngayu /ŋaju/ | ngayulu /ŋajulu/ | ngayulu /ŋajulu/ | ngayi /ŋaji/ | ngada /ŋada/ | ngaju /ŋaɟu/ |
| Du | nyini /ɲini/ | nyuntu /ɲuntu/ | nyuntu /ɲuntu/ | nyuntu /ɲuntu/ | nhina /n̪ina/ | nyingki /ɲiŋki/ | nyuntu /ɲuntu/ |
| Wir | ngayinu /ŋajinu/ | — /—/ | nganana /ŋanaɳa/ | nganana /ŋanaɳa/ | ngarlpurla /ŋaɭpuɭa/ | ngakuli / nyali /ŋakuli / ɲali/ | ngalipa / nganimpa /ŋalipa / ŋanimpa/ |
| Name | yini /jini/ | yini /jini/ | yini /jini/ | ini /ini/ | mityi /mici/ | nyunda /ɲunda/ | yirdi /jiɖi/ |
| Mensch | arnmanu /aɳmanu/ | martu /maʈu/ | yanangu /janaŋu/ | aṉangu /aɳaŋu/ | yuRa /juɹa/ | — | yapa /japa/ |
| Auge | kuru /kuɻu/ | kuru /kuɻu/ | kuru /kuɻu/ | kuru /kuɻu/ | mina /mina/ | kuwa /kuwa/ | milpa /milpa/ |
| Ohr | wurtka /wuʈka/ | pina /pina/ | pina /pina/ | pina /pɪnɐ/ | yuri /juɾi/ | — | langa /laŋa/ |
| Nase | muttha /mut̪a/ | mulya /muʎa/ | mulya /muʎa/ | mulya /ˈmulja/ | — | — | mulyu /muʎu/ |
| Mund | ngarnmanu /ŋaɳmanu/ | jaa /caː/ | tjaa /caː/ | tjaa /caː/ | — | — | lirra /liɾa/ |
| Zahn | idaji /idadʒi/ | yirra /jira/ | katiti /katiti/ | katiti /katiti/ | ira /iɾa/ | kadma leman /kadma leman/ | kartirdi /kaʈiɖi/ |
| Zunge | thalanyu /t̪alaɲu/ | jarlinypa /caɭiɲpa/ | tjalinypa /caliɲpa/ | tjalinypa /caliɲpa/ | yarli /jaɭi/ | jalda leman /dʒalda leman/ | jalanypa /ɟalaɲpa/ |
| Hand | mara /maɻa/ | mara /maɻa/ | mara /maɻa/ | mara /maɻa/ | mara /maɾa/ | marlda /maɭda/ | rdaka /ɖaka/ |
| Fuß | yina /jina/ | jina /cina/ | tjina /cina/ | tjina /cɪnɐ/ | idna /idna/ | jaa /dʒaː/ | wirliya /wiɭija/ |
| Herz | pulpara /pulpaɻa/ | kurturtu /kuʈuʈu/ | kututu /kututu/ | kurunpa /kuɻunpa/ | yurlk-aka /juɭkaka/ | bulja /buldʒa/ | rduku-rduku /ɖukuɖuku/ |
| Knochen | mambu /mambu/ | tarrka /tarka/ | tarrka /taɾka/ | tarka /taɻka/ | warlpu /waɭpu/ | kadma /kadma/ | larrpa /laɾpa/ |
| Blut | nguba /ŋuba/ | miji /miɟi/ | milkali /milkali/ | milkali /milkali/ | arti /aʈi/ | kanda /kanda/ | yalyu /jaʎu/ |
| Kacke | wuna /wuna/ | — | kuna /kuna/ | kuna /kuna/ | udna /utna/ | — | kuna /kuna/ |
| Liebe | kanyji /kaɲdʒi/ | mukulyu /mukuʎu/ | mukulya /mukuʎa/ | mukulya /mukuʎa/ | ngadha-pa- /ŋat̪apa/ | — /—/ | yulkami /julkami/ |
| Baum | parntany /paɳʈaɲ/ | warta /waʈa/ | punu /punu/ | punu /punu/ | wirti /wiʈi/ | thungal /θuŋal/ | watiya /watija/ |
| Hund | kuwiyarl /kuwijaɻl/ | papa /papa/ | papa /papa/ | papa /papa/ | wirlka /wiɭka/ | ngawa /ŋawa/ | jarntu /ɟaɳʈu/ |
| Katze | paka /paka/ | — /—/ | pusi /pusi/ | pusi /pusi/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | mungalpa /muŋalpa/ |
| Fisch | wiitya /wiːca/ | yurta /juʈa/ | piitji /piːʈi/ | antipina /antipina/ | varru /varu/ | yaka /jaka/ | yawu /jawu/ |
| Schmetterling | ngaabeera /ŋaːbeːra/ | — | pintapinta /pintapinta/ | pinta-pinta /pintapinta/ | arli vilhi-vilhi /aɭi vil̪i-vil̪i/ | — | pinta-pinta /pintapinta/ |
| Haus | nhurra /ɳuɻa/ | ngurra /ŋura/ | ngurra /ŋuɾa/ | ngura /ŋuɻa/ | wardrli /waʈɭi/ | ngambirr /ŋambir/ | yuwarli /juwaɭi/ |
| Essen | ngarna /ŋaɻna/ | ngalku- /ŋalku/ | ngalkuni /ŋalkuni/ | ngalkuni /ŋalkuni/ | ngarlku- /ŋaɭku/ | jitha /dʒiθa/ | ngarni /ŋaɳi/ |
| Trinken | nyuna /ɲuna/ | jikirnu /cikiɳu/ | tjikini /cikini/ | tjikini /cikini/ | yapa- /japa/ | kurdama /kuɖama/ | purrami /puɾami/ |
| Schlafen | wuupata /wuːpata/ | kunyalarri- /kuɲalari/ | kunkunpa /kunkunpa/ | kunkunarinyi /kuŋkunaɻiɲi/ | miya /mija/ | — | jarda ngunami /ɟaɖa ŋunami/ |
| Eins | kuyu /kuju/ | kuju /kucu/ | kutju /kucu/ | kutju /kucu/ | ubmanaka /upmanaka/ | warnge /waɾŋe/ | jinta /ɟinta/ |
| Zwei | wuthada /wut̪ada/ | kujarra /kucara/ | kutjarra /kucaɾa/ | kutjara /kucaɻa/ | alypilhanha /aʎpil̪an̪a/ | kiyarrng /kijaɾŋ/ | jirrama /ɟiɾama/ |
| Drei | marnngurdu /maɳŋuɖu/ | yurri /juri/ | tjirripala /ciripala/ | maṉkurpa /maɳkuɻpa/ | urlpa-rrina /uɭparina/ | mungkalan /muŋkalan/ | jirrama-kari-jinta /ɟiɾamakaɾiɟinta/ |
| Hallo | — /—/ | — /—/ | palya /paʎa/ | palya /paʎa/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Danke | — /—/ | — /—/ | palya /paʎa/ | palya /paʎa/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Gut | walykumarra /waʎkumaɻa/ | palya /paʎa/ | palya /paʎa/ | palya /paʎa/ | warnrdu /waɳʈu/ | kuba /kuba/ | ngurrju /ŋuɾɟu/ |
| Rot | marniwidi /maɳiwidi/ | miji-miji /miɟimiɟi/ | yulpa /julpa/ | tjitintjitinpa /tʃitintʃitinpa/ | yalhdhatyi /jal̪t̪aci/ | kandukan /kandukan/ | yalyu-yalyu /jaʎujaʎu/ |
| Weiß | wilidi /wilidi/ | ngintarlpa /ŋintaɭpa/ | piranpa /piɾanpa/ | piranpa /piɾanpa/ | upa /upa/ | — | kardirri /kaɖiɾi/ |
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