Kisukuma
Sukuma
Atlantik-Kongo-Sprachfamilie (Bantu-Zweig, Sukuma-Nyamwezi-Gruppe)
Sukuma (Kisukuma) ist die größte einzelne Bantusprache Tansanias nach L1-Sprechern, mit ~5 Mio. Sprechern, die überwiegend in der Region des Viktoriasees gesprochen wird — in den Regionen Mwanza, Shinyanga, Tabora, Geita und Simiyu. Die Sukuma sind Tansanias größte ethnische Gruppe, rund 16 % der Landesbevölkerung. Die Sprache hat einen Ton (Hoch-tief-Kontrast an Stämmen und Tempus-Aspekt-Markern) und bantutypische Nominalklassen-Kongruenz (~18 Klassen); sie ist eng mit Nyamwezi (nym) verwandt, mit dem sie ein Dialektkontinuum bildet, gemeinsam klassifiziert als Bantu-Zone F21. Trotz der großen Sprechergemeinschaft dominiert Swahili (sw) Bildung, Medien und Verwaltung in ganz Tansania, und Sukuma hat eine begrenzte Schrifttradition und Medienpräsenz.
Wo die Sprache gesprochen wird
Sukuma: 87 Kernwörter
Quellen
- Glottolog: Sukuma
- Ethnologue: suk
- Maganga & Schadeberg (1992) Kanuri Comparative Lexicon (Sukuma section)
Wörter im Vergleich
Verglichen mit verwandten Sprachen: Atlantik-Kongo-Sprachfamilie (Bantu-Zweig, Sukuma-Nyamwezi-Gruppe)
| Bedeutung | Sukuma | Nyamwezi | Nyaturu | Makonde | Asu | Schambala | Yao |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wasser | minzi /minzi/ | minzi /minzi/ | maji /madʒi/ | medi /medi/ | mende /mende/ | mazi /mazi/ | meesi /meːsi/ |
| Feuer | moto /moto/ | moto /moto/ | moto /moto/ | moto /moto/ | mshika /mʃika/ | moto /moto/ | mooto /moːto/ |
| Sonne | liimi /liːmi/ | lyuba /ljuβa/ | yura /juɾa/ | liduva /liduva/ | idhuva /iðuʋa/ | zuwa /zuwa/ | lyuŵa /ʎuβa/ |
| Mond | ng'weji /ŋweːdʒi/ | ngʼwezi /ŋweːzi/ | umweri /umweɾi/ | mwedi /mwedi/ | mwezi /mwezi/ | ṅwezi /ŋwezi/ | lwesi /lwesi/ |
| Stern | sonda /sonda/ | nsonda /nsonda/ | njota /ndʒota/ | inondwa /inondwa/ | nyenyeri /ɲeɲeri/ | ntondwe /ntondwe/ | ndondwa /ndondwa/ |
| Nacht | bujiku /budʒiku/ | buziku /buziku/ | utiku /utiku/ | chilo /tʃilo/ | usiku /usiku/ | kilo /kilo/ | chilo /tʃilo/ |
| Regen | mbula /mbula/ | mbula /mbula/ | mbura /mbura/ | imbula /imbula/ | mvua /mvua/ | fula /fula/ | ula /ula/ |
| Schnee | seluji /seludʒi/ | theluji /θeluʒi/ | seluji /seludʒi/ | — | chasheru /tʃaʃeru/ | — | — |
| Wind | nyaga /ɲaɡa/ | myaga /mjaɡa/ | mpefo /mpefo/ | lipungo /lipuŋɡo/ | mpeho /mpeho/ | mpeho /mpeho/ | mbungo /mbuŋɡo/ |
| Erde | bulongo /buloŋɡo/ | bulongo /buloŋɡo/ | irongo /iɾoŋɡo/ | ulongo /uloŋɡo/ | isanga /isaŋɡa/ | shanga /ʃaŋɡa/ | litaka /litaka/ |
| Stein | iwe /iwe/ | iwe /iwe/ | igwe /iɡwe/ | liyanga /lijaŋɡa/ | ibwe /ibwe/ | iwe /iwe/ | liganga /liɡaŋɡa/ |
| Berg | lugulu /luɡulu/ | lugulu /luɡulu/ | gitanto /ɡitanto/ | lichinga /litʃiŋɡa/ | ntuvi /ntuvi/ | muima /muima/ | chitumbi /tʃitumbi/ |
| Meer | nyanza /ɲanza/ | nyanza /ɲanza/ | irambo /iɾambo/ | bahali /bahali/ | bahari /bahari/ | bahali /bahali/ | bahali /bahali/ |
| Mutter | mayu /maju/ | mayu /maju/ | mama /mama/ | mama /mama/ | mama /mama/ | mama /mama/ | amao /amao/ |
| Vater | baba /baba/ | baba /baba/ | tata /tata/ | baba /baba/ | baba /baba/ | tate /tate/ | atati /atati/ |
| Tochter | nshike /nʃike/ | mwana mukima /mwana mukima/ | muncha /muntʃa/ | nahaku /nahaku/ | mwana wa kibora /mwana wa kibora/ | ṅwana ywa kindele /ŋwana jwa kindele/ | mwali /mwali/ |
| Ich | nene /nene/ | nene /ˈnene/ | une /une/ | une /une/ | mine /mine/ | imi /imi/ | une /une/ |
| Du | bebe /bebe/ | gwegwe /ˈɡweɡwe/ | uwe /uwe/ | uve /uve/ | uwe /uwe/ | iwe /iwe/ | ugwe /uɡwe/ |
| Wir | yise /jise/ | iswe /iswe/ | sese /sese/ | hwetu /hwetu/ | uswi /uswi/ | ishwi /iʃwi/ | uwe /uwe/ |
| Name | lina /lina/ | lina /ˈlina/ | rina /ɾina/ | lina /lina/ | izina /izina/ | zina /zina/ | liina /liːna/ |
| Mensch | munhu /munhu/ | munhu /munhu/ | muntu /muntu/ | munu /munu/ | mntu /mntu/ | mntu /mntu/ | mundu /mundu/ |
| Kopf | ntwe /ntwe/ | mutwe /mutwe/ | itwe /itwe/ | muti /muti/ | mtwi /mtwi/ | mtwi /mtwi/ | ntwe /ntwe/ |
| Auge | liso /liso/ | liso /liso/ | riho /riho/ | liso /liso/ | iiso /iːso/ | zisho /ziʃo/ | liso /liso/ |
| Ohr | gutu /ɡutu/ | itwi /itwi/ | ikutwi /ikutwi/ | likutu /likutu/ | isikio /isikio/ | shikio /ʃikio/ | liwiwi /liwiwi/ |
| Nase | lyulu /ljulu/ | nindo /nindo/ | mpura /mpuɾa/ | imula /imula/ | fua /fua/ | mpua /mpua/ | lupula /lupula/ |
| Mund | nomo /nomo/ | mulomo /mulomo/ | momo /momo/ | kanya /kaɲa/ | momo /momo/ | kanwa /kanwa/ | kang'wa /kaŋwa/ |
| Zahn | lino /lino/ | lino /lino/ | ino /ino/ | lino /lino/ | jino /dʒino/ | zino /zino/ | liino /liːno/ |
| Zunge | lulimi /lulimi/ | lulimi /lulimi/ | urimi /urimi/ | lulimi /lulimi/ | ulimi /ulimi/ | ulimi /ulimi/ | lulimi /lulimi/ |
| Hand | nkono /nkono/ | kukono /kukono/ | ukuboko /ukuboko/ | nkono /nkono/ | mkono /mkono/ | mkono /mkono/ | nkono /nkono/ |
| Fuß | lupambala /lupambala/ | kugulu /kuɡulu/ | mughuu /muɣuː/ | likambatu /likambatu/ | ivunda /ivunda/ | mulundi /mulundi/ | lukongolo /lukoŋɡolo/ |
| Herz | ng'holo /ŋholo/ | moyo /mojo/ | umutima /umutima/ | ntima /ntima/ | ngiti /ŋɡiti/ | moyo /mojo/ | ntima /ntima/ |
| Knochen | iguha /iɡuha/ | iguha /iɡuha/ | ikufa /ikufa/ | ligwangwa /liɡwaŋɡwa/ | ivindi /ivindi/ | vuha /vuha/ | liupa /liupa/ |
| Blut | mininga /miniŋɡa/ | magazi /maɡazi/ | sakami /sakami/ | myadi /mjadi/ | sakame /sakame/ | mpome /mpome/ | miasi /miasi/ |
| Kacke | maashi /maːʃi/ | maafi /maːfi/ | — | mavi /mavi/ | — | mavi /mavi/ | manyi /maɲi/ |
| Liebe | butogwa /butoɡwa/ | butogwa /butoɡwa/ | butogwa /butoɡwa/ | kupenda /kupenda/ | lumba /lumba/ | kukunda /kukunda/ | unonyelo /unoɲelo/ |
| Baum | nti /nti/ | muti /muti/ | umuti /umuti/ | nnandi /nːandi/ | mti /mti/ | mti /mti/ | chitela /tʃitela/ |
| Hund | mva /mva/ | mbwa /mbwa/ | imbwa /imbwa/ | nshenye /nʃeɲe/ | mbwa /mbwa/ | kuli /kuli/ | mbwa /mbwa/ |
| Katze | nyabu /ɲabu/ | paka /paka/ | paka /paka/ | imaaka /imaːka/ | paka /paka/ | nyau /ɲau/ | paka /paka/ |
| Fisch | ndilo /ndilo/ | somba /soːmba/ | somba /somba/ | homba /homba/ | samaki /samaki/ | samaki /samaki/ | somba /somba/ |
| Vogel | noni /noni/ | noni /noni/ | nyonyi /ɲoɲi/ | chuni /tʃuni/ | ideghe /ideɣe/ | deghe /deɣe/ | chijuni /tʃidʒuni/ |
| Schmetterling | ibalabapu /ibalabapu/ | — | — | lipuluputu /lipuluputu/ | — | hoho /hoho/ | chipuluputwa /tʃipuluputwa/ |
| Ei | igi /iɡi/ | igi /iɡi/ | ighe /iɣe/ | liye /lije/ | igi /iɡi/ | tagi /taɡi/ | lindanda /lindanda/ |
| Bär | nduba /nduba/ | — | — | dubu /dubu/ | — | — | dubu /dubu/ |
| Pferd | falasa /falasa/ | falasi /falasi/ | nyumbu /ɲumbu/ | falasi /falasi/ | farasi /farasi/ | faashi /faːʃi/ | falasi /falasi/ |
| Haus | numba /numba/ | numba /numba/ | nyumba /ɲumba/ | ing'ande /iŋande/ | nyumba /ɲumba/ | nyumba /ɲumba/ | nyuumba /ɲuːmba/ |
| Milch | mabeele /mabeːle/ | mabeele /maβeːle/ | maya /maja/ | mavele /mavele/ | mavee /maveː/ | mele /mele/ | maŵele /maβele/ |
| Honig | buuki /buːki/ | buuki /buːki/ | ruke /ruke/ | uchi /utʃi/ | nzoke /nzoke/ | woki /woki/ | uchi /utʃi/ |
| Salz | munhu /munhu/ | munu /munu/ | munyu /muɲu/ | munyu /muɲu/ | munyu /muɲu/ | munyu /muɲu/ | njete /ndʒete/ |
| Wein | mvinya /mviɲa/ | mvinyo /mviɲo/ | divai /divai/ | divayi /divaji/ | mvinyo /mviɲo/ | mvinyo /mviɲo/ | divai /divai/ |
| Eisen | jisinza /dʒisinza/ | kisinza /kisinza/ | ichuma /itʃuma/ | chitale /tʃitale/ | kighera /kiɣera/ | kiama /kiama/ | chisyano /tʃisjano/ |
| Rad | idandali /idandali/ | — | — | — | — | — | wilo /wilo/ |
| Seide | halili /halili/ | — | hariri /haɾiɾi/ | halili /halili/ | hariri /hariri/ | halili /halili/ | halili /halili/ |
| Buch | shitabo /ʃitabo/ | kitabu /kitabu/ | gitabu /ɡitabu/ | chitabu /tʃitabu/ | kitabu /kitabu/ | kitabu /kitabu/ | chitabu /tʃitabu/ |
| Essen | kulya /kuʎa/ | kulya /kuʎa/ | kuria /kuɾia/ | kulya /kuʎa/ | kurya /kurja/ | kuja /kuɟa/ | kulya /kuʎa/ |
| Trinken | kung'wa /kuŋwa/ | kunwa /kunwa/ | kunywa /kuɲwa/ | kukumbila /kukumbila/ | kunwa /kunwa/ | kunywa /kuɲwa/ | kung'wa /kuŋwa/ |
| Schlafen | kulala /kulala/ | kulala /kulala/ | kurara /kuɾaɾa/ | kugona /kuɡona/ | kushinjia /kuʃindʒia/ | kugosha /kuɡoʃa/ | kugona /kuɡona/ |
| Eins | imo /imo/ | imo /imo/ | umwe /umwe/ | nimo /nimo/ | imwe /imwe/ | ṅwenga /ŋwenɡa/ | mo /mo/ |
| Zwei | ibili /ibili/ | ibili /iβili/ | aviri /aβiri/ | vavili /vaʋili/ | avili /aβili/ | mbili /mbili/ | iŵili /iβili/ |
| Drei | idatu /idatʊ/ | idatu /idatu/ | itatu /itatu/ | nnaatu /nːaːtu/ | adatu /adatu/ | katatu /katatu/ | sitatu /sitatu/ |
| Vier | ine /ine/ | inne /inːe/ | inne /inːe/ | ncheche /ntʃetʃe/ | — | kane /kaːne/ | ncheche /ntʃetʃe/ |
| Fünf | itano /itano/ | itaano /itaːno/ | itano /itano/ | mwaanu /mwaːnu/ | — | kashano /kaʃano/ | nsano /nsano/ |
| Hundert | igana /iɡana/ | igana /iɡana/ | ighana /iɣana/ | miya /miːja/ | ighana /iɣana/ | gana /ɡana/ | mia /mia/ |
| Hallo | mwangaluka /mwaŋɡaluka/ | mwadita /mwadita/ | mbukire /mbukiɾe/ | nakushukuru /nakuʃukuɾu/ | shiloi /ʃiloi/ | — /—/ | salama /salama/ |
| Danke | nakulumba /nakulumba/ | twabakaba /twaβakaβa/ | asante /aˈsante/ | nashukuru /naʃukuɾu/ | mwasanga /mwasaŋɡa/ | asante /asante/ | — /—/ |
| Gut | awiza /awiza/ | soga /soɡa/ | kihi /kihi/ | mbone /mbone/ | mwamba /mwamba/ | mtana /mtana/ | chambone /tʃambone/ |
| Neu | pya /pja/ | pya /pja/ | mpya /mpja/ | chahambi /tʃahambi/ | shaa /ʃaː/ | mpya /mpja/ | jasambano /dʒasambano/ |
| Rot | ndulu /ndulu/ | laluku /laluku/ | ntune /ntune/ | nahuvi /nahuvi/ | nkundu /nkundu/ | nkundu /nkundu/ | chechejeu /tʃetʃedʒeu/ |
| Weiß | ape /ape/ | pe /pe/ | njeru /ndʒeru/ | naswe /naswe/ | jewa /dʒewa/ | yengʼaa /jeŋaː/ | cheswela /tʃeswela/ |
| Schwarz | api /api/ | pi /pi/ | njiutiki /ndʒiutiki/ | napi /napi/ | jiru /dʒiru/ | size /size/ | chepiliu /tʃepiliu/ |
| 99 | makumi kenda na kenda /makʊmi kenda na kenda/ | makumi kenda na kenda /makumi kenda na kenda/ | makumi kenda na kenda /makumi kenda na kenda/ | tisini na tisa /tisini na tisa/ | makumi kenda na kenda /makumi kenda na kenda/ | milongo kenda na kenda /miloŋɡo keːnda na keːnda/ | makumi msano ni mcece kwisa msano ni mcece /makumi msano ni mtʃetʃe kwisa msano ni mtʃetʃe/ |
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