A·chik
Garo
Sino-tibetana (Tibeto-birmano, Bodo-Garo)
Il garo (a·chik) è una lingua tibeto-birmana del ramo bodo-garo, parlata da circa 1 milione di persone nelle colline Garo dello stato del Meghalaya, nell'India nordorientale, e nelle aree adiacenti del Bangladesh. I garo si distinguono per il loro sistema di parentela matrilineare — uno dei pochi dell'Asia continentale — in cui la proprietà e l'identità del clan si trasmettono per linea materna. Lingua tonale con due toni contrastanti. L'ortografia latina fu sviluppata da missionari battisti americani negli anni 1860, in sostituzione di una precedente scrittura di base bengalese. Lingua ufficiale associata del Meghalaya dal 2005.
Dove si parla
87 parole essenziali in garo
Fonti
Parole a confronto
Confronto con lingue della stessa classificazione: Sino-tibetana (Tibeto-birmano, Bodo-Garo)
| Significato | Garo | Bodo | Sherpa | Mundari | Sikkimese | Tshangla | Malese antico |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acqua | chi· /tʃiʔ/ | दै /dɯi/ | ཆུ /tɕʰu/ | daʼ /daʔ/ | ཆུ /tɕʰu/ | ri /ɾi/ | air /air/ |
| Fuoco | wa·al /waʔal/ | अर /ɔr/ | མེ /me/ | sengel /seŋɡel/ | མེ /mi/ | mi /mi/ | api /api/ |
| Sole | sal /sal/ | सान /san/ | ཉི་མ /ɲima/ | singi /siŋɡi/ | ཉིམ /ɲim/ | ngam /ŋam/ | matari /matari/ |
| Luna | jajong /dʒadʒoŋ/ | अखाफोर /ɔkʰapʰɯr/ | ཟླ་བ /dawa/ | chandu /tʃandu/ | ཟླ་བོ /dau/ | lanyingam /laɲiŋam/ | bulan /bulan/ |
| Stella | aski /aski/ | हाथरखि /hatʰorkʰi/ | སྐར་མ /karma/ | ipil /ipil/ | སྐར་མ་ /kaːma/ | karma /kaɾma/ | bintang /bintaŋ/ |
| Notte | wal /wal/ | हर /hor/ | ནུབ /nup/ | nida /nida/ | ཕྱི་རུ /pʰiru/ | binang /binaŋ/ | malam /malam/ |
| Pioggia | mikka /mikka/ | अखा /ɔkʰa/ | ཆར་པ /tɕʰarwa/ | gama /ɡama/ | ཆར་པོ /tɕʰaːp/ | ngamsu /ŋamsu/ | — |
| Neve | borop /borop/ | — | ཁ་བ /kʰawa/ | — | ཁ་བོ /kʰau/ | phom /pʰom/ | — |
| Vento | balwa /balwa/ | बार /bar/ | རླུང /luŋ/ | hoyo /hojo/ | རླུང /luŋ/ | ridi /ɾidi/ | — |
| Terra | ha·a /haʔa/ | हा /ha/ | ས /sa/ | hasa /hasa/ | ས /sa/ | sa /sa/ | — |
| Pietra | rong·ti /roŋʔti/ | अन्थाइ /ontʰai/ | རྡོ /do/ | diri /diri/ | རྡོ /do/ | lung /luŋ/ | batu /batu/ |
| Montagna | ha·bri /haʔbri/ | हाजो /hadʒo/ | རི /ri/ | buru /buru/ | — | riwu /ɾiwu/ | — |
| Mare | sagal /saɡal/ | लैथो /lɯitʰo/ | རྒྱ་མཚུ /ɡjamtsu/ | samundar /samundar/ | རྒྱ་མཚོ /ɡʲamtsʰo/ | jamtsho /dʑamtsʰo/ | — |
| Madre | ama /ama/ | आइ /ai/ | ཨ་མ /ama/ | ayo /ajo/ | ཨམ /am/ | ama /ama/ | ibu /ibu/ |
| Padre | apa /apa/ | आफा /apʰa/ | ཨ་པ /apa/ | apu /apu/ | ཨ་པོ /apo/ | apa /apa/ | bapa /bapa/ |
| Figlia | demechik /demetʃik/ | फिसाजो /pʰisadʒo/ | བུ་མོ /bumo/ | kuri hon /kuɽi hon/ | བུམ /bum/ | zamin /zamin/ | — |
| Io | anga /aŋa/ | आं /aŋ/ | ང /ŋa/ | aiñ /aiɲ/ | ང་ /ŋa/ | jang /dʑaŋ/ | aku /aku/ |
| Tu | na·a /naʔa/ | नों /nɯŋ/ | ཁྱེད་རང /kʰeraŋ/ | am /am/ | ཆོད /tɕʰøʔ/ | nan /nan/ | kamu /kamu/ |
| Noi | chinga / an·ching /tʃiŋa / anʔtʃiŋ/ | जों /zɯŋ/ | བདག་པུ / ངིད་རང /dakpu / ɲiraŋ/ | abu / ale /abu / ale/ | ང་ཅག་ /ŋatɕaʔ/ | ai /ai/ | kita / kami /kita / kami/ |
| Nome | bimung /bimuŋ/ | मुं /muŋ/ | མིང /miŋ/ | nutum /nutum/ | མིང་ /miŋ/ | ming /miŋ/ | ngaran /ŋaran/ |
| Persona | mande /mande/ | सुबुं /subuŋ/ | མི /mi/ | horo /hoɽo/ | མི /mi/ | songo /soŋo/ | — |
| Testa | sko /sko/ | खर /kʰoro/ | མགོའ /ɡoː/ | boʼ /boʔ/ | མགོ /ɡo/ | sharang /ɕaɾaŋ/ | — |
| Occhio | mikron /mikron/ | मेगन /meɡon/ | མིག /mik/ | med /med/ | མིག /mik/ | ming /miŋ/ | mata /mata/ |
| Orecchio | nachil /natʃil/ | खोमा /kʰɯma/ | ཨ་མཆོག /amtɕʰok/ | lutur /lutur/ | — | na /na/ | — |
| Naso | gingting /ɡiŋtiŋ/ | गन्थं /ɡontʰoŋ/ | སྣ /na/ | mu /mũ/ | སྣ /n̥a/ | nawung /nawuŋ/ | — |
| Bocca | ku·sik /kuʔsik/ | खुगा /kʰuɡa/ | ཁ /kʰa/ | moca /motʃa/ | ཁ /kʰa/ | nowang /nowaŋ/ | — |
| Dente | wagam /waɡam/ | हाथाइ /hatʰai/ | ས /sa/ | data /data/ | སོ /so/ | sha /ɕa/ | gigi /ɡiɡi/ |
| Lingua | sre /sre/ | सालाइ /salai/ | ལྕེ་ལ /tɕelak/ | leʼ /leʔ/ | ལྕེ /tɕe/ | le /le/ | lidah /lidah/ |
| Mano | jak /dʒak/ | आखाइ /akʰai/ | ལག་པ /lakpa/ | ti /ti/ | ལག་ཀོ /lako/ | gadang /ɡadaŋ/ | tangan /taŋan/ |
| Piede | ja·pa /dʒapa/ | आथिं /atʰiŋ/ | རྐང་པ /kaŋba/ | kata /kata/ | རྐངམ /kaːm/ | bi /bi/ | — |
| Cuore | ka·tong /kaʔtoŋ/ | मैखुन /mɯikʰun/ | སྙིང /ɲiŋ/ | jiu /dʒiu/ | སྙིང /ɲiŋ/ | thinglom /tʰiŋlom/ | hati /hati/ |
| Osso | greng /ɡreŋ/ | बेगें /beɡeŋ/ | རུས་པ /rupa/ | jang /dʒaŋ/ | རུས་པ /rupa/ | khang /kʰaŋ/ | tulang /tulaŋ/ |
| Sangue | an·chi /anʔtʃi/ | थै /tʰɯi/ | ཁྲག /ʈʂʰaʔ/ | mayam /majam/ | ཁྱག /kʰjaʔ/ | yi /ji/ | darah /darah/ |
| Cacca | ki·i /kiʔi/ | खि /kʰi/ | སྐྱག་པ /kjakpa/ | iʼ /iʔ/ | སྐྱག་ཀོ /kʲakko/ | khi /kʰi/ | — |
| Amore | ka·sa /kaʔsa/ | अननाय /onːai/ | བློ་ཆོ /lotɕʰo/ | dularaa /dularaː/ | དགའ /ɡa/ | phangpe /pʰaŋpe/ | sayang /sajaŋ/ |
| Albero | bol /bol/ | बिफां /bipʰaŋ/ | སྡོང་པོ /dompo/ | daru /daru/ | ཤིང /ɕiŋ/ | shing /ɕiŋ/ | kayu /kaju/ |
| Cane | achak /atʃak/ | सैमा /sɯima/ | ཁྱི /kʰi/ | seta /seta/ | ཁྱི /kʰi/ | khu /kʰu/ | anjing /andʒiŋ/ |
| Gatto | menggo /meŋɡo/ | मावजि /maodʒi/ | བྱི་ལ /bila/ | pusi /pusi/ | ཞི་མི /ʑimi/ | danyi /daɲi/ | — /—/ |
| Pesce | na·tok /naʔtok/ | ना /na/ | ཉ /ɲa/ | hai /hai/ | ཉ /ɲa/ | nga /ŋa/ | ikan /ikan/ |
| Uccello | do·o /doʔo/ | दाव /daːo/ | བྱ /tɕʰa/ | ore /oɽe/ | བྱ /bja/ | kha /kʰa/ | burung /buruŋ/ |
| Farfalla | me·pilip /meʔpilip/ | सिख्रि /sikʰri/ | བ་ལིབ /pʰalip/ | — | — | phenphenma /pʰenpʰenma/ | — |
| Uovo | do·chi /doʔtʃi/ | दावदै /daodɯi/ | བྱའི་མེན་ཏོག /tɕʰe mentok/ | jarom /dʒarom/ | — | gotham /ɡotʰam/ | — |
| Orso | makbil /makbil/ | — | དོམ /tʰom/ | bana /bana/ | — | omsha /omɕa/ | — |
| Cavallo | gora /ɡora/ | गराइ /ɡorai/ | རྟ /ta/ | sadom /sadom/ | རྟ /ta/ | kurta /kuɾta/ | — |
| Casa | nok /nok/ | न /no/ | ནང /naŋ/ | oraa /oraː/ | ཁྱིམ /kʰim/ | phai /pʰai/ | rumah /rumah/ |
| Latte | sok /sok/ | गाइखेर /ɡaikʰer/ | འོ་མ /oma/ | toa /toa/ | ཨོམ /om/ | nu /nu/ | susu /susu/ |
| Miele | bija bitchi /bidʒa bitʃi/ | — | སྦྲང /raŋ/ | hurum suku /hurum suku/ | — | — | — |
| Sale | kasim /kasim/ | संख्रि /sɯŋkʰri/ | ཚྭ /tsʰa/ | bulung /buluŋ/ | ཚྭ /tsʰa/ | incha /intɕʰa/ | garam /ɡaram/ |
| Vino | angur bitchi /aŋɡur bittʃi/ | — | — | bino /bino/ | — | — | — |
| Riso | mi /mi/ | मायरं /mairoŋ/ | འབྲའ /ɖʐaː/ | chauli /tʃauli/ | — | — | — |
| Ferro | sil /sil/ | सोर /sɯr/ | ལྕའ /tɕaː/ | mered /meɽeɖ/ | ལྕགས /tɕaʔ/ | per /peɾ/ | — |
| Ruota | chakka /tʃakka/ | साखा /sakʰa/ | འཁོར་ལུ /kʰorlu/ | cakka /tʃakka/ | འཁོར་ལོ /kʰorlo/ | — | — |
| Seta | resom /resom/ | — | — | lumang /lumaŋ/ | — | — | — |
| Libro | ki·tap /kiʔtap/ | बिजाब /bidʒab/ | ཀི་ཏབ /kitap/ | kitab /kitab/ | དེབ /dep/ | pecha /petɕʰa/ | — |
| Mangiare | cha·a /tʃaʔa/ | जा /dʒa/ | ཟ /za/ | jom /dʒom/ | ཟ /sa/ | zale /zale/ | makan /makan/ |
| Bere | ringa /riŋa/ | लों /lɯŋ/ | འཐུང /tʰuŋ/ | nu /nu/ | འཐུང /tʰuŋ/ | jame /dʑame/ | minum /minum/ |
| Dormire | tua /tua/ | उन्दु /undu/ | ཉལ /ɲal/ | durum /durum/ | ཉལ /ɲɛː/ | yip /jip/ | tidur /tidur/ |
| Uno | sa /sa/ | से /se/ | ཅིག /tɕik/ | mid /mid/ | གཅིག /tɕiʔ/ | thur /tʰuɾ/ | sa /sa/ |
| Due | gni /ɡni/ | नै /nɯi/ | གཉིས /ɲi/ | baria /barija/ | གཉིས་ /ɲiː/ | nyiktsing /ɲiktsiŋ/ | dua /dua/ |
| Tre | gittam /ɡittam/ | थाम /tʰam/ | གསུམ /sum/ | apia /apija/ | གསུམ /sum/ | sam /sam/ | tlu /tlu/ |
| Quattro | bri /bri/ | ब्रै /brɯi/ | བཞི /ʑi/ | upunia /upunija/ | བཞི /ʑi/ | pshi /pɕi/ | mpat /əmpat/ |
| Cinque | bonga /boŋa/ | बा /ba/ | ལྔ /ŋa/ | morea /moɽea/ | ལྔ /ŋa/ | nga /ŋa/ | lima /lima/ |
| Cento | ritcha /ritʃa/ | जौसे /dʒause/ | — | sae /sae/ | བརྒྱ /ɡʲɛ/ | gya /ɡʲa/ | ratus /ratus/ |
| Ciao | name dongama /name doŋama/ | खुलुमबाय /kʰulumbai/ | ཏ་ཤེས་ཏེ་ལེ /ʈʰaɕi tɕʰele/ | johar /dʒohar/ | ཁམས་བཟང /kʰamsaŋ/ | kuzuzangpo /kuzuzaŋpo/ | — /—/ |
| Grazie | mittela /mitːela/ | — /—/ | ཐུགས་རྗེ་ཆེ /tʰuktɕetɕʰe/ | dhonyobad /dʱoɲobad/ | ཐུགས་རྗེ་ཆེ /tʰuktɕetɕe/ | kadrinche /kaɖintɕʰe/ | — /—/ |
| Buono | nama /nama/ | मोजां /mɯdʒaŋ/ | ཡག་པོ /jakpo/ | bugin /buɡin/ | ལེགམ /lɛm/ | lekpu /lekpu/ | baik /baik/ |
| Nuovo | gittal /ɡittal/ | गोदान /ɡɯdan/ | གསམ་པ /samba/ | nawa /nawa/ | — | singma /siŋma/ | — |
| Rosso | gitchak /ɡittʃak/ | गोजा /ɡɯdʒa/ | མར་རུ /maru/ | arag /araʔ/ | དམར་པོ /maːpu/ | tsalo /tsalo/ | merah /merah/ |
| Bianco | gipbok /ɡipbok/ | गुफुर /ɡupʰur/ | དཀར་རུ /karu/ | pundi /puɳɖi/ | དཀར་པོ /kaːpu/ | balingmu /baliŋmu/ | putih /putih/ |
| Nero | gisim /ɡisim/ | गोसोम /ɡɯsɯm/ | ནག་པུ /nakpu/ | hende /hende/ | — | changlu /tɕʰaŋlu/ | hitam /hitam/ |
| Verde | tangsek /taŋsek/ | गोथां /ɡɯtʰaŋ/ | ལྗང་སྨུ /dʑaŋmu/ | hariar /harijar/ | ལྗང་ཀུ /dʑaŋku/ | jangkhu /dʑaŋkʰu/ | — |
| Blu | gisim /ɡisim/ | — | — | lil /lil/ | — | jenglo /jeŋlo/ | — |
| Tè | cha /tʃa/ | साहा /saha/ | ཇ /dʑa/ | cha /tʃa/ | ཇ /dʑa/ | — | — |
| Zucchero | chini /tʃini/ | सिनि /sini/ | — | chini /tʃini/ | ཅི་ནི /tɕini/ | buram | — |
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