Qyool Mam
Mam
Maya (Mamean, Greater Mamean)
Il mam è la quarta lingua maya per numero di parlanti, dopo il k'iche', il q'eqchi' e lo yucateco; è parlato da circa 530.000 persone negli altopiani occidentali del Guatemala (Huehuetenango, San Marcos, Quetzaltenango) e, oltre il confine messicano, nel Chiapas. Appartiene al ramo maya orientale (mameano maggiore) ed è lingua sorella dell'awakateko e dell'ixil. La sua fonologia, molto conservativa, mantiene il raro contrasto uvulare /q/–/q'/ e una serie di eiettive. La morfologia verbale presenta una marcatura ergativo-assolutiva con ergatività scissa nell'aspetto incompiuto. Dispone di un'ortografia latina standardizzata (1987, Acuerdos de la Paz).
Dove si parla
87 parole essenziali in mam
chocolate
wifi
Fonti
Parole a confronto
Confronto con lingue della stessa classificazione: Maya (Mamean, Greater Mamean)
| Significato | Mam | Aguacateco | Kʼicheʼ | Ixil | Kaqchikel | Q'anjob'al | Uspanteko |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acqua | aʼ /aʔ/ | aʼ /aʔ/ | jaʼ /xaʔ/ | aʼ /aʔ/ | yaʼ /jaʔ/ | haʼ /haʔ/ | jaʼ /haʔ/ |
| Fuoco | qʼaqʼ /qʼaqʼ/ | qʼaq /qʼaq/ | qʼaqʼ /qʼaqʼ/ | tzaʼ /tsaʔ/ | qʼaqʼ /qʼaqʼ/ | qʼaʼ /qʼaʔ/ | qʼaaqʼ /qʼaːqʼ/ |
| Sole | qʼij /qʼih/ | qʼijl /qʼihl/ | qʼij /qʼix/ | qʼii /qʼiː/ | qʼij /qʼix/ | kʼuʼ /kʼuʔ/ | qʼiij /qʼiːh/ |
| Luna | xjaw /ʃaw/ | xahaw /ʃahaw/ | ikʼ /ikʼ/ | ichʼ /itʃʼ/ | ikʼ /ikʼ/ | ixaw /iʂaw/ | ikʼ /ikʼ/ |
| Stella | cheʼw /tʃeʔw/ | chumeʼl /tʃumeʔl/ | chʼumil /tʃʼumil/ | chumiil /tʃumiːl/ | chʼumil /tʃʼumil/ | txʼumel /ʈʂʼumel/ | chʼumil /tʃʼumil/ |
| Notte | qonikʼen /qonikʼən/ | aqʼbʼal /aqʼɓal/ | aqʼabʼ /aqʼaɓ/ | aqʼbʼal /aqʼɓal/ | aqʼaʼ /aqʼaʔ/ | aqʼbʼalil /aqʼɓalil/ | laqʼabʼ /laqʼaɓ/ |
| Pioggia | jbʼal /ʃɓal/ | abʼal /aɓal/ | jabʼ /xaɓ/ | jabʼal /haɓal/ | jobʼ /xoɓ/ | nabʼ /naɓ/ | jabʼ /haɓ/ |
| Neve | txa cheʼw /tʃa tʃeʔw/ | — | saq tew /saq tew/ | txuncheʼv /tʃuntʃeʔv/ | nieve /ˈnjebe/ | chew /tʃew/ | chun tew /tʃun tew/ |
| Vento | kyqʼiqʼ /kʲqʼiqʼ/ | kyeqʼeqʼ /kjeqʼeqʼ/ | iqʼ /iqʼ/ | kajiqʼ /kahiqʼ/ | kaqʼiqʼ /kaqʼiqʼ/ | kaqʼeʼ /kaqʼeʔ/ | tew /tew/ |
| Terra | txʼotxʼ /tʃʼotʃʼ/ | txʼotxʼ /tʃʼotʃʼ/ | ulew /ulew/ | txʼavaʼ /tʃʼaʋaʔ/ | ulew /uleːw/ | txʼotxʼ /ʈʂʼoʈʂʼ/ | ulew /uleːw/ |
| Pietra | abʼaj /aɓax/ | kʼubʼ /kʼuɓ/ | abʼaj /aɓax/ | kʼubʼ /kʼuɓ/ | abäj /aˈɓəx/ | chʼen /tʃʼen/ | ábʼaj /ˈáɓax/ |
| Montagna | wutz /wuts/ | witz /wits/ | juyubʼ /xujuɓ/ | vitz /vits/ | juyuʼ /xuˈjuʔ/ | witz /wits/ | witz /wits/ |
| Mare | plow /plow/ | pitzʼpuj aʼ /pitsʼpuh aʔ/ | plo /plo/ | mar /mar/ | palow /palow/ | txutxaʼ /ʈʂuʈʂaʔ/ | mar /mar/ |
| Madre | nan /nan/ | naa /naː/ | nan /nan/ | naʼ /naʔ/ | teʼ /teʔ/ | mim /mim/ | nan /nan/ |
| Padre | mam /mam/ | mam /mam/ | tat /tat/ | baʼ /baʔ/ | tataʼ /tataʔ/ | mam /mam/ | tat /tat/ |
| Figlia | meʼal /meʔal/ | meʼal /meʔal/ | miʼal /miʔal/ | meʼal /meʔal/ | meʼal /meʔal/ | kutzʼin /kutsʼin/ | rabʼin /raɓin/ |
| Io | aqiin /aˈqiːn/ | in /in/ | in /in/ | in /in/ | rïn /rɪn/ | ayin /ʔajin/ | in /in/ |
| Tu | aya /aˈja/ | naʼ /naʔ/ | at /at/ | axh /aʃ/ | rat /rat/ | hach /hatʃ/ | at /at/ |
| Noi | aqoʼ /aˈqoʔ/ | oʼ /oʔ/ | uj /ux/ | oʼ /oʔ/ | röj /rʊx/ | ayonh /ʔajoŋ/ | oj /ox/ |
| Nome | biʼ /ɓiʔ/ | bʼiʼ /ɓiʔ/ | bʼiʼ /ɓiʔ/ | bʼii /ɓiː/ | bʼiʼ /ɓiʔ/ | bʼi /ɓi/ | bʼii /ɓiː/ |
| Persona | xjaal /ʃxaːl/ | wunaq /wunaq/ | winaq /winaq/ | uxhchil /uʃtʃil/ | winäq /wiˈnəq/ | anima /anima/ | kristyan /kristjan/ |
| Testa | wiʼ /wiʔ/ | wiʼaj /wiʔah/ | jolom /xolom/ | viʼ /viʔ/ | jolom /xolom/ | jolom /xolom/ | bʼaa /ɓaː/ |
| Occhio | witz /wits/ | witzʼ /witsʼ/ | bʼaqʼwach /ɓaqʼwatʃ/ | vusal /vusal/ | runaqʼ ruwäch /runaqʼ ruwətʃ/ | sat /sat/ | wach /watʃ/ |
| Orecchio | xkyin /ʃkʲin/ | xhchin /ʃtʃin/ | xikin /ʃikin/ | xikin /ʃikin/ | xikin /ʃikin/ | txikin /ʈʂikin/ | xikiin /ʃikiːn/ |
| Naso | txaʼn /tʃaʔn/ | juʼ /χuʔ/ | tzaʼm /tsaʔm/ | juʼ /χuʔ/ | tzaʼn /tsaʔn/ | txam /ʈʂam/ | tzaʼm /tsaʔm/ |
| Bocca | tziʼ /tsiʔ/ | tziʼaj /tsiʔah/ | chiʼ /tʃiʔ/ | tziʼ /tsiʔ/ | chiʼ /tʃiʔ/ | tiʼ /tiʔ/ | chiʼ /tʃiʔ/ |
| Dente | eʼ /eʔ/ | eʼ /eʔ/ | ware /waɾe/ | eh /eh/ | ey /ej/ | eʼ /eʔ/ | e /e/ |
| Lingua | aqʼ /aqʼ/ | aqʼ /aqʼ/ | aqʼ /aqʼ/ | aqʼ /aqʼ/ | aqʼ /aqʼ/ | aqʼ /aqʼ/ | aqʼ /aqʼ/ |
| Mano | qʼobʼ /qʼoɓ/ | qʼab /qʼab/ | qʼabʼ /qʼaɓ/ | qʼabʼ /qʼaɓ/ | qʼaʼ /qʼaʔ/ | qʼab /qʼab/ | qʼaabʼ /qʼaːɓ/ |
| Piede | qan /qan/ | aqan /aqan/ | aqan /aqan/ | oj /oχ/ | aqän /aqən/ | aqan /aqan/ | aqan /aqan/ |
| Cuore | anma /anma/ | kʼuum /kʼuːm/ | animaʼ /animaʔ/ | vatzʼ /vatsʼ/ | kʼuʼx /kʼuʔʃ/ | kʼulul /kʼulul/ | kʼuʼx /kʼuʔʃ/ |
| Osso | bʼaq /ɓaq/ | bʼaq /ɓaq/ | bʼaq /ɓaq/ | bʼaq /ɓaq/ | bʼaq /ɓaq/ | bʼaq /ɓaq/ | bʼaaq /ɓaːq/ |
| Sangue | chikʼ /tʃikʼ/ | chichʼ /tʃitʃʼ/ | kikʼ /kikʼ/ | kaq /kaq/ | kïkʼ /kɪkʼ/ | chikʼ /tʃikʼ/ | kikʼ /kikʼ/ |
| Cacca | txaʼ /tʃaʔ/ | txaʼ /tʃaʔ/ | achaq /atʃaq/ | txaʼ /tʃaʔ/ | — | tzaʼ /tsaʔ/ | — |
| Amore | oqxan /oqʃan/ | xajan /ʃahan/ | loqʼoj /loqʼox/ | kuxhewchʼa /kuʃewtʃʼa/ | ajowabʼäl /axowaɓəl/ | kamkʼulal /kamkʼulal/ | lóqʼ /lóqʼ/ |
| Albero | tzeʼ /tseʔ/ | tzeʼ /tseʔ/ | cheʼ /tʃeʔ/ | tze /tse/ | cheʼ /tʃeʔ/ | teʼ /teʔ/ | cheʼ /tʃeʔ/ |
| Cane | txʼyan /tʃʼjan/ | txʼiʼ /tʃʼiʔ/ | tzʼiʼ /tsʼiʔ/ | txʼiʼ /tʃʼiʔ/ | tzʼiʼ /tsʼiʔ/ | txʼiʼ /ʈʂʼiʔ/ | tzʼiʼ /tsʼiʔ/ |
| Gatto | wiix /wiːʃ/ | mis /mis/ | meʼs /meʔs/ | mees /meːs/ | mes /mes/ | mes /mes/ | mis /mis/ |
| Pesce | kyiẍ /kjiʃ/ | kay /kaj/ | kar /kaɾ/ | chay /tʃaj/ | kar /kar/ | chay /tʃaj/ | kar /kar/ |
| Uccello | chʼit /tʃʼit/ | chʼuʼl /tʃʼuʔl/ | tzʼikin /tsʼikin/ | tzʼikin /tsʼikin/ | tzʼikin /tsʼikin/ | tzʼikin /tsʼikin/ | tzʼikin /tsʼikin/ |
| Farfalla | pakaʼl /pakaʔl/ | slup /slup/ | pepe /pepe/ | naaviʼ /naːviʔ/ | palamax /palamaʃ/ | tzolol /tsolol/ | — |
| Uovo | jos /xos/ | kʼolobʼ /kʼoloɓ/ | saqmoʼl /saqmoʔl/ | kʼolobʼ /kʼoloɓ/ | saqmoloʼ /saqmoloʔ/ | jos /xos/ | saqmolobʼ /saqmoloɓ/ |
| Orso | oso /ˈoso/ | oso /oso/ | oso /oso/ | oso /oso/ | oso /ˈoso/ | oso /oso/ | — |
| Cavallo | chej /tʃex/ | chej /tʃeh/ | kej /kex/ | kaay /kaːj/ | kej /kex/ | chej /tʃex/ | kwaʼy /kwaʔj/ |
| Casa | jaa /haː/ | nya /ɲa/ | ja /xa/ | kabʼal /kaɓal/ | jay /xaj/ | na /na/ | jaa /haː/ |
| Latte | taʼl imaj /taʔl imax/ | lech /letʃ/ | leche /letʃe/ | chʼuʼ /tʃʼuʔ/ | leche /ˈletʃe/ | — | lech /letʃ/ |
| Miele | taʼl xiiʼ /taʔl ʃiːʔ/ | kabʼ /kaɓ/ | kabʼ /kaɓ/ | kabʼ /kaɓ/ | kabʼ /kaɓ/ | yalkabʼ /jalkaɓ/ | kabʼ /kaɓ/ |
| Sale | atzʼan /atsʼan/ | aatzʼum /aːtsʼum/ | atzʼam /atsʼam/ | atzʼam /atsʼam/ | atzʼam /atsʼam/ | atzʼam /atsʼam/ | atzʼam /atsʼam/ |
| Vino | vino /ˈbino/ | win /win/ | vino /ˈbino/ | vino /ˈbino/ | vino /ˈbino/ | vino /bino/ | vin /bin/ |
| Riso | arros /aros/ | arros /aros/ | arroz /aros/ | arus /arus/ | arroz /aˈros/ | — | — |
| Cioccolato | chocolate | kyikyuj /kjikjuh/ | chocolate | — | chocolate | — | — |
| Ferro | kxbʼil /kʃɓil/ | chʼichʼ /tʃʼitʃʼ/ | chʼichʼ /tʃʼitʃʼ/ | chʼichʼ /tʃʼitʃʼ/ | chʼichʼ /tʃʼitʃʼ/ | — | chʼiichʼ /tʃʼiːtʃʼ/ |
| Seta | seda /seda/ | — | xela /ʃela/ | seda /ˈseda/ | seda /ˈseda/ | — | — |
| Libro | uʼjbʼil /uʔxɓil/ | liwr /liwr/ | wuj /wux/ | uʼuj /uʔuχ/ | wuj /wux/ | un /un/ | wuuj /wuːx/ |
| Mangiare | waan /waːn/ | wii /wiː/ | tijow /tixow/ | tzaʼbʼi /tsaʔɓi/ | waʼin /waʔin/ | lo /lo/ | waʼ /waʔ/ |
| Bere | kʼaan /kʼaːn/ | uuk /uːk/ | ukʼaaj /ukʼaːx/ | ucha /utʃa/ | kumun /kumun/ | uku /uku/ | ukʼ /ukʼ/ |
| Dormire | ktan /ktan/ | watl /waːtl/ | war /waɾ/ | wat /wat/ | war /war/ | way /waj/ | war /war/ |
| Uno | jun /hun/ | jun /hun/ | jun /xun/ | jun /hun/ | jun /xun/ | jun /hun/ | jun /hun/ |
| Due | kabʼe /ˈkaɓeʔ/ | kaʼwutz /kaʔwuts/ | kebʼ /keɓ/ | kaʼvaʼl /kaʔʋaʔl/ | kaʼiʼ /kaʔiʔ/ | kabʼ /kaɓ/ | quiibʼ /kiːɓ/ |
| Tre | oxe /oʃe/ | oxox /oʃoʃ/ | oxibʼ /oʃiɓ/ | oxvaʼl /oʃʋaʔl/ | oxiʼ /oʃiʔ/ | oxebʼ /oʂeɓ/ | oxibʼ /oʃiɓ/ |
| Quattro | kyaje /kjaxe/ | kyaj /kjah/ | kajibʼ /kaxiɓ/ | kajvaʼl /kahʋaʔl/ | kajiʼ /kaxiʔ/ | kanebʼ /kaneɓ/ | kajibʼ /kaxiɓ/ |
| Cinque | jweʼ /xweʔ/ | oʼ /oʔ/ | jobʼ /xoɓ/ | oʼvaʼl /oʔʋaʔl/ | woʼoʼ /woʔoʔ/ | oyebʼ /ojeɓ/ | joobʼ /hoːɓ/ |
| Cento | jokʼal /xokʼal/ | jun cient /hun sjent/ | jokʼal /xokʼal/ | oʼkʼalal /oʔkʼalal/ | wokʼal /wokʼal/ | okʼal /okʼal/ | jun cient /hun sjent/ |
| Ciao | chjonte tey /tʃhonte tej/ | kʼamta /kʼamta/ | saqarik /saqaɾik/ | nimaʼla kuxhewchʼa /nimaʔla kuʃewtʃʼa/ | utz iwäch /uts iwətʃ/ | kawal /kawal/ | saʼbʼal /saʔbal/ |
| Grazie | chjonte /tʃhonte/ | tixwajʼ /tiʃwahʼ/ | maltyox /maltjoʃ/ | tantixh /tantiʃ/ | matyox /matjoʃ/ | yuhwal /juhwal/ | maltyox /maltjoʃ/ |
| Buono | banix /baniʃ/ | balaj /balah/ | utz /uts/ | utzʼ /utsʼ/ | ütz /ʊts/ | watxʼ /waʈʂʼ/ | tzi /tsi/ |
| Nuovo | akʼaj /akʼax/ | akʼaj /aːkʼah/ | kʼakʼ /kʼakʼ/ | akʼ /akʼ/ | kʼakʼaʼ /kʼakʼaʔ/ | akʼ /akʼ/ | akʼ /akʼ/ |
| Rosso | kyaq /kjaq/ | kyaq /kjaq/ | kaq /kaq/ | kaq /kaq/ | käq /kəq/ | kaq /kaq/ | kyeq /kjeq/ |
| Bianco | saq /saq/ | saq /saq/ | saq /saq/ | saj /saχ/ | säq /səq/ | saq /saq/ | saq /saq/ |
| Nero | qʼeq /qʼeq/ | qʼeq /qʼeq/ | qʼeq /qʼeq/ | qʼeq /qʼeq/ | qʼeq /qʼeq/ | qʼeq /qʼeq/ | qʼeq /qʼeq/ |
| Verde | txaʼx /tʃaʔʃ/ | txaʼx /tʃaʔʃ/ | rax /raʃ/ | chaʼx /tʃaʔʃ/ | räx /rəʃ/ | yax /jaʂ/ | rax /raʃ/ |
| Computer | computadora /komputadora/ | — | computadora /komputadoɾa/ | — | computadora /komputaˈdora/ | — | — |
| Wi-Fi | wifi | — | wifi | — | — | — | — |
| Tè | té /te/ | — | té /te/ | — | té /te/ | — | — |
| Caffè | kape /kape/ | kapej /kapeh/ | kape /kape/ | — | kape /kape/ | — | — |
| Zucchero | azúcar /aˈsukar/ | — | asukal /asukal/ | asukaal /asukaːl/ | kʼajkabʼ /kʼaxkaɓ/ | — | — |
| Arancia | lanch /lantʃ/ | laranch /larantʃ/ | alanxax /alanʃaʃ/ | — | alanx /alanʃ/ | china /tʃina/ | — |
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