Ta-ang
Palaung shwe
Austroasiatica
Lo shwe palaung (ta-ang, autonimo ta-ang) è una lingua mon-khmer palaungica parlata da circa 560.000 persone nel nord dello Stato Shan in Myanmar (attorno al centro culturale di Namhsan), con popolazioni minori nello Yunnan, in Cina, e comunità di rifugiati in Thailandia in seguito ai conflitti civili birmani successivi al 2011. La famiglia palaungica (palaung, wa, lawa, lamet, bulang/blang — circa 25 lingue, circa 2 milioni di parlanti complessivi) è uno dei principali sottogruppi mon-khmer, distinto dal gruppo wa (wbm, ecc.) sebbene entrambi siano palaungici. Dal punto di vista linguistico, lo shwe palaung condivide con il wa tratti palaungici: ordine dei costituenti SVO, preposizioni, morfologia sesquisillabica (una struttura a sillaba minore + maggiore) e un ricco inventario consonantico. La Elementary Palaung Grammar di Milne del 1921 è la documentazione missionaria classica; i lavori accademici moderni di Janzen (1976) trattano specificamente la fonologia dello shwe palaung. Il Ta-ang National Liberation Army (TNLA) è dal 2009 una delle principali forze politiche che si battono per l'autonomia palaung e i diritti linguistici.
Dove si parla
87 parole essenziali in palaung shwe
Fonti
Parole a confronto
Confronto con lingue della stessa classificazione: Austroasiatica
| Significato | Palaung shwe | De'ang rumai | Wa | Khmu | Lawa orientale | Lingua wa parauk | Proto-austroasiatico |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acqua | ʔoːm /ʔoːm/ | Ɂəm /ʔəm/ | rawm /rɔm/ | ʔom /ʔom/ | lʼauem /lᵊʔaɨ̯m/ | rom /rɔm/ | *ɗaːk /ɗaːk/ |
| Fuoco | ŋal /ŋal/ | ŋaiɁ /ŋaiʔ/ | ngu /ŋu/ | pʰrɨə /pʰrɨə/ | ngoa /ŋɔ/ | ngū /ŋṳ/ | *ʔuːs /ʔuːs/ |
| Sole | saŋi /saŋi/ | saŋaj /saŋaj/ | singaix /siŋaiʔ/ | mat briʔ /mat briʔ/ | sngaiʼ /sᵊŋajˀ/ | si ngāix /siŋa̤iʔ/ | *tŋiːʔ /tŋiːʔ/ |
| Luna | plaŋ kiər /plaŋ kiər/ | pakjəː /pakjəː/ | khix /kʰiʔ/ | moŋ /moŋ/ | kheʼ /kʰeʔ/ | kix /kʰiʔ/ | *khe(ː)ʔ /kheːʔ/ |
| Stella | səmiŋ /səmiŋ/ | laːw /laːw/ | simuing /simʔuɲ/ | sərmeɲ /sərmeɲ/ | sboeng /sᵊɓəŋ/ | sim uing /sim ʔuɲ/ | *smʔaɲ /smʔaɲ/ |
| Notte | hmɯ /m̥ɯ/ | kasəm /kasəm/ | ponsawm /ponsɔm/ | psɨəm /psɨəm/ | ma sauem /ma saɨ̯m/ | som /sɔm/ | *cəːm /cəːm/ |
| Pioggia | ɟuŋ /ɟuŋ/ | klaːj /klaːj/ | lhiex /l̥ɛʔ/ | kəmaʔ /kəmaʔ/ | hlaiʼ /l̥ajˀ/ | hliex /lʰɛʔ/ | *gmaʔ /ɡmaʔ/ |
| Vento | khuːr /kʰuːr/ | khuː /kʰuː/ | bhaung /bʰaɯŋ/ | hndrəːj /hndrəːj/ | kaue /kaɨ̯/ | npaeng /bʰaɯŋ/ | *kjɔʔ /kjɔʔ/ |
| Terra | kəɗɛː /kəɗɛː/ | kataːj /kataːj/ | tiex /tɛʔ/ | pteʔ /pteʔ/ | — | diex /tɛʔ/ | *tiʔ /tiʔ/ |
| Pietra | mo /mo/ | maːw /maːw/ | simaox /simauʔ/ | glaŋ /ɡlaŋ/ | smoʼ /sᵊmoʔ/ | si māox /sima̤uʔ/ | *tmɔʔ /tmɔʔ/ |
| Montagna | sor /sor/ | kɔŋ /kɔŋ/ | gawng /ɡɔŋ/ | mok /mok/ | moa /mɔ/ | mgōng /ɡɔ̤ŋ/ | *bruʔ /bruʔ/ |
| Madre | ma /ma/ | — /—/ | miex /mɛʔ/ | maʔ /maʔ/ | maʼ /maʔ/ | mīex /mɛ̤ʔ/ | *maʔ /maʔ/ |
| Padre | kun /kun/ | — /—/ | keeing /kɯɲ/ | joŋ /joŋ/ | pueaʼ /pɨaʔ/ | geeing /kɯɲ/ | *ɓa(ː)ʔ /ɓaːʔ/ |
| Io | ʔɔ /ʔɔ/ | Ɂaw /ʔaw/ | aux /ʔaɯʔ/ | oʔ /ʔoʔ/ | ʔoʔ /ʔoʔ/ | aex /ʔaɯʔ/ | *ʔaɲ /ʔaɲ/ |
| Tu | mi /miː/ | maj /maj/ | maix /maiʔ/ | meʔ /meʔ/ | maiʔ /maiʔ/ | maix /maiʔ/ | *miːʔ /miːʔ/ |
| Noi | ʔɛ / jɛ /ʔɛ / jɛ/ | — /—/ | ix /ʔiʔ/ | iʔ /ʔiʔ/ | ʔɛ /ʔɛ/ | — /—/ | *hiːʔ /hiːʔ/ |
| Nome | ʨɨː /ʨɨː/ | ʨɨː /tɕɨː/ | ceu kaux /tɕɤ kaɯʔ/ | sŋməh /sŋməh/ | yum /jɔm/ | jē gaex /tɕɤ̤ kaɯʔ/ | *ɟmuh /ɟmuh/ |
| Persona | bi /bi/ | taɁiː /taʔiː/ | pui /pui/ | gon /ɡon/ | pui /puj/ | būi /pṳi/ | *m-raʔ /mraʔ/ |
| Testa | kiŋ /kiŋ/ | kən /kən/ | kaing: /kaɲ/ | kəmpoŋ /kəmpoŋ/ | kany /kaɲ/ | gaing /kaɲ/ | *ɓoːkʔ /ɓoːkʔ/ |
| Occhio | ŋai /ŋai/ | ŋaːj /ŋaːj/ | ngai /ŋai/ | mat /mat/ | ʼia /ʔia̯/ | ngai /ŋai/ | *mat /mat/ |
| Orecchio | hjɔʔ /hjɔʔ/ | ʨhok /tɕʰok/ | yhaok /j̊auk/ | rəməj /rəməj/ | — | hyaog /ʑʰauk/ | *Ctoːr /Ctoːr/ |
| Naso | kɔŋmuh /kɔŋmuh/ | kaduŋmuh /kaduŋmuh/ | meeih /mɯih/ | muh /muh/ | maueh /maɨ̯h/ | mēeih /mɯ̤ih/ | *muh /muh/ |
| Bocca | mur /mur/ | mojɁ /mojʔ/ | jheeh /dʑʰɯih/ | tənɔh /tənɔh/ | ʼmboam /ʔᵊᵐbɔm/ | nqeeih /dʑʰɯih/ | *miəŋʔ /miəŋʔ/ |
| Dente | hraŋ /r̥aːŋ/ | xaːŋ /xaːŋ/ | rhang /r̥aŋ/ | hraŋ /hraŋ/ | pioeng /piə̯ŋ/ | hrang /rʰaŋ/ | *lmVɲ /lməɲ/ |
| Lingua | kərdaʼ /kərɗaʔ/ | sataɁ /sataʔ/ | dak /dak/ | həntak /həntak/ | tak /tak/ | ndag /dak/ | *lntaːk /lntaːk/ |
| Mano | tiː /tiː/ | taiɁ /taiʔ/ | taix /taiʔ/ | tiʔ /tiʔ/ | miŋ /miŋ/ | daix /taiʔ/ | *tiːʔ /tiːʔ/ |
| Piede | ɟɯŋ /ɟɯŋ/ | ʥɔːn /dʑɔːn/ | caong /tʃaɔŋ/ | krwɛh /krwɛh/ | cuang /cua̯ŋ/ | jāong /tɕa̤uŋ/ | *ɟəːŋ /ɟəːŋ/ |
| Cuore | nuər /nuər/ | poŋkanɔh /poŋkanɔh/ | rhawm /r̥ɔm/ | tlɔːm ŋok /tlɔːm ŋok/ | kavüa /kavɨa/ | hrom /rʰɔm/ | *nuːɕ /nuːɕ/ |
| Osso | kaʼang /kaʔaŋ/ | kaɁaːŋ /kaʔaːŋ/ | si-ang /siʔaŋ/ | cʼaaŋ /tʃʔaːŋ/ | sʼang /sᵊʔaŋ/ | si ang /siʔaŋ/ | *cʔaːŋ /cʔaːŋ/ |
| Sangue | hnam /n̥aːm/ | n̥aːm /n̥aːm/ | nham /n̥am/ | maːm /maːm/ | hnam /n̥am/ | hnam /nʰam/ | *mham /mham/ |
| Amore | ʔoŋ /ʔoŋ/ | — /—/ | moh /moh/ | kɔɔh /kɔːh/ | kruŋ /kɾuŋ/ | mōuh /mo̤h/ | — /—/ |
| Albero | tiŋ he /tiŋ he/ | taŋhɔj /taŋhɔj/ | khaox /kʰauʔ/ | sʔɔːŋ /sʔɔːŋ/ | khoʼ /kʰoʔ/ | kaox /kʰauʔ/ | *ɟɕɨːʔ /ɟɕɨːʔ/ |
| Cane | sɔ /sɔ/ | sow /sow/ | sox /soʔ/ | sɔʔ /sɔʔ/ | souʼ /sɒʔ/ | soux /soʔ/ | *cɔː /cɔː/ |
| Gatto | ʔəŋaw /ʔəŋaw/ | — /—/ | miao: /miau/ | mɛːw /mɛːw/ | mai /mai/ | miao /miau/ | — /—/ |
| Pesce | ka /kaː/ | kaː /kaː/ | kax /kaʔ/ | kaʼ /kaʔ/ | kaʼ /kaʔ/ | gax /kaʔ/ | *kaʔ /kaʔ/ |
| Uccello | sim /sim/ | siːm /siːm/ | sim /sim/ | sim /sim/ | sany /saɲ/ | sim /sim/ | *ciːm /ciːm/ |
| Farfalla | kərla /kərla/ | — | pung piang /puŋ piaŋ/ | tlaːmpaːm /tlaːmpaːm/ | mbung mbang /ᵐbuŋ ᵐbaŋ/ | būng bīang /pṳŋ pi̤aŋ/ | — |
| Uovo | kadam /kaɗam/ | bəːn /bəːn/ | tawm ia /tɔm ʔia/ | kədoŋ /kədoŋ/ | toum /tɒm/ | dom /tɔm/ | *ktam /ktam/ |
| Cavallo | brəŋ /brəŋ/ | — | brung /bruŋ/ | — | — | nbrūng /brṳŋ/ | — |
| Casa | gaŋ /ɡaŋ/ | — /—/ | nyiex /ɲiɛʔ/ | gaːŋ /ɡaːŋ/ | nyueaʼ /ɲɨa̯ʔ/ | nyīex /ɲi̤ɛʔ/ | *ɲaːʔ /ɲaːʔ/ |
| Latte | ʔom bu /ʔom bu/ | — | teeh /tɯih/ | — | — | deeih /tɯih/ | — |
| Sale | sɔʔ /sɔʔ/ | — | kih /kih/ | hmaar /hmaːr/ | kih /kih/ | gīh /ki̤h/ | *ɓɔːh /ɓɔːh/ |
| Ruota | — /—/ | — | ling: /liɲ/ | — | — | ling /liɲ/ | — |
| Libro | boʔok /boʔok/ | — | phuk lai /pʰuk lai/ | pɨːm /pɨːm/ | — | pug lāi /pʰuk la̤i/ | — |
| Mangiare | hɔm /hɔm/ | hoːm /hoːm/ | ih /ʔih/ | mah /mah/ | som /som/ | ih /ʔih/ | *ɟaː /ɟaː/ |
| Bere | tiəŋ /tiəŋ/ | ʨoŋ /tɕoŋ/ | nyaux /ɲaɯʔ/ | ʔɨək /ʔɨək/ | nyoʼ /ɲoʔ/ | nyāex /ɲa̤ɯʔ/ | *ɲuʔ /ɲuʔ/ |
| Dormire | ʔit /ʔit/ | ɁiɁ /ʔiʔ/ | it /ʔit/ | sih /sih/ | ʼac /ʔac/ | id /ʔit/ | *ɓic /ɓic/ |
| Uno | ʔu /ʔu/ | Ɂuː /ʔuː/ | tix /tiʔ/ | moj /moj/ | teʼ /teʔ/ | dīx /ti̤ʔ/ | *muːj /muːj/ |
| Due | ar /ʔar/ | Ɂaː /ʔaː/ | ra /ra/ | baar /baːr/ | lʼa /lᵊʔa/ | ra /ra/ | *ɓaːr /ɓaːr/ |
| Tre | ʼuai /ʔuaj/ | Ɂoj /ʔoj/ | loe /lɤ/ | peʼ /peʔ/ | lʼoi /lᵊʔoj/ | loui /loi/ | *peʔ /peʔ/ |
| Quattro | phon /pʰon/ | phon /pʰon/ | pon /pon/ | pon /pon/ | paueng /paɨ̯ŋ/ | boun /pon/ | *punʔ /punʔ/ |
| Cinque | phən /pʰən/ | — | phuan /pʰuan/ | — | phuan /pʰua̯n/ | puan /pʰuan/ | *pɗam /pɗam/ |
| Cento | pəriah /pəriah/ | — | yieh /jiɛh/ | — | ʼyuea /ʔᵊjɨa̯/ | yīeh /ʑi̤ɛh/ | — |
| Ciao | — /—/ | — /—/ | nawp nawm /nɔp nɔm/ | lɔh /lɔh/ | — /—/ | nob nom /nɔp nɔm/ | — /—/ |
| Grazie | — /—/ | — /—/ | bwanson /buan son/ | ɔrkun /ʔɔrkun/ | kop khun /kop kʰun/ | nbuan soun /buan son/ | — /—/ |
| Buono | laʔ /laʔ/ | — /—/ | mhawm /m̥ɔm/ | ləʔ /ləʔ/ | mac /mac/ | hmom /mʰɔm/ | — /—/ |
| Nuovo | kənmɛ /kənmɛ/ | tamaːj /tamaːj/ | khraox /kʰrauʔ/ | həmmeʔ /həmmeʔ/ | khroʼ /kʰroʔ/ | kraox /kʰrauʔ/ | *tmeːʔ /tmeːʔ/ |
| Rosso | kho /kho/ | — /—/ | raoh /rauh/ | jim /jim/ | skhrak /sᵊkʰrak/ | raoh /rauh/ | *roːŋ /roːŋ/ |
| Bianco | blɔʔ /blɔʔ/ | Ɂiluj /ʔiluj/ | paing /paɲ/ | klɔɔk /klɔːk/ | ping /piŋ/ | bāing /pa̤ɲ/ | *ɓɔːk /ɓɔːk/ |
| Nero | yim /jim/ | Ɂivɔŋ /ʔivɔŋ/ | lung /luŋ/ | hiəŋ /hiəŋ/ | loang /lɔŋ/ | lūng /lṳŋ/ | *Cjoŋ /Cjoŋ/ |
| Verde | ɲər /ɲər/ | niɨ /niɨ/ | klai /klai/ | siw /siw/ | snga /sᵊŋa/ | glāi /kla̤i/ | *kciʔ /kciʔ/ |
| Cuculo | pək tuʔ /pək tuʔ/ | — | eeppid /ʔɯp pit/ | — | — | eeb bīd /ʔɯp pi̤t/ | — |
| Caffè | khəpi /kʰəpi/ | — | kha: feue: /kʰa fɤi/ | — | — | ka feui /kʰa fɤi/ | — |
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