Bodéwadmimwen
Potawatomi
algica (Algonquian, Central Algonquian, ojibwe-potawatomi)
Il potawatomi (Bodéwadmimwen, «lingua dei custodi del fuoco») è una lingua algonchina centrale strettamente imparentata con l'ojibwe ma che se ne distingue per una sincope sistematica: le vocali brevi non accentate vengono soppresse, producendo densi nessi consonantici assenti nelle lingue anishinaabe sorelle. È oggetto di un'attiva rivitalizzazione da parte delle comunità Citizen, Prairie Band, Hannahville, Pokagon e dell'Isola di Walpole.
Dove si parla
87 parole essenziali in potawatomi
Fonti
- Hockett, Charles F. (1948) Potawatomi I-IV. International Journal of American Linguistics 14:1-10, 63-73, 139-149, 213-225.
- Lockwood, Hunter T. (2017) How the Potawatomi Language Lives: A Grammar of Potawatomi. PhD dissertation, U. Wisconsin-Madison.
- Glottolog: Potawatomi
Parole a confronto
Confronto con lingue della stessa classificazione: algica (Algonquian, Central Algonquian, ojibwe-potawatomi)
| Significato | Potawatomi | Ojibwa | Algonchino | Atikamekw | Abenaki occidentale | Munsee | Menominee |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acqua | mbish /mbɪʃ/ | nibi /nibi/ | nibì /nɪbiː/ | nipi /nipi/ | nebi /nebi/ | mpíi /mbiː/ | nepāew /nəpaːew/ |
| Fuoco | shkodé /ʃkode/ | ishkode /iʃkode/ | ishkotè /ɪʃkɔteː/ | ickote /iʃkote/ | skweda /skweda/ | lúhsuw /luhsuw/ | eskotēw /eskoteːw/ |
| Sole | gises /ɡises/ | giizis /ɡiːzis/ | kìzis /kiːzɪs/ | pisimw /pisimʷ/ | kisos /kisos/ | kíishux /kiːʃux/ | kēsoq /keːsoʔ/ |
| Luna | dbëk-gises /dbək‿ɡises/ | dibik-giizis /dibik ɡiːzis/ | tibik-kìzis /tɪbɪkkiːzɪs/ | tipiskaw pisim /tipiskaw pisim/ | nanibossad /nanibossad/ | nipáhum /nipahum/ | tepāhkēsoq /tepaːhkeːsoʔ/ |
| Stella | nuk /nək/ | anang /anaŋ/ | anang /aˈnaŋ/ | atcakoc /atʃakoʃ/ | alakws /alakʷs/ | alaánkw /alaːŋkʷ/ | anaeq /anæʔ/ |
| Notte | pkonyak /pkoɲak/ | dibik /dibik/ | tibik /tibik/ | tipisko /tipisko/ | tebokw /tebokʷ/ | piskeew /piskeːw/ | tepāhkeh /tepaːhkeh/ |
| Neve | gon /ɡon/ | goon /ɡoːn/ | kòn /kɔːn/ | kon /kon/ | wazôli /wazɔ̃li/ | koon /koːn/ | kōn /koːn/ |
| Terra | ke /kɛ/ | aki /aki/ | aki /aki/ | aski /aski/ | ki /ki/ | — | ahkēw /ahkeːw/ |
| Pietra | sen /sɛn/ | asin /aˈsin/ | asin /asin/ | asini /asini/ | sen /sen/ | asun /əsən/ | aqsan /aʔsan/ |
| Montagna | bkotnyawen /bkotnjawɪn/ | wajiw /wadʒiw/ | pikwadin /pikwadin/ | matinaw /matinaw/ | — | — | wacēw /watʃeːw/ |
| Mare | kche gami /ktʃɛ ɡami/ | gichigami /ɡitʃiɡami/ | kichigam /kitʃiɡam/ | kitcikami /kitʃikami/ | sobagw /sobaɡʷ/ | — | kaeqcekam /kæʔtʃekam/ |
| Madre | nge /ŋɡe/ | nimaamaa /nimaːmaː/ | ningà /nɪŋɡaː/ | okawi /okawi/ | nigawes /niɡawes/ | nkáhees /ŋkaheːs/ | nekīah /nekiːah/ |
| Padre | nos /nos/ | indede /indede/ | nòs /nɔːs/ | otawi /otawi/ | mitôgwes /mitɔ̃ɡwes/ | nóoxw /noːxw/ | nōhnāeh /noːhnaːeh/ |
| Figlia | ndanes /ndanəs/ | indaanis /indaːnis/ | — | otanis /otaːnis/ | — | — | — |
| Io | nin /nin/ | niin /niːn/ | niin /niːn/ | nir /niɾ/ | nia /nia/ | nii /niː/ | nenah /nɛnah/ |
| Tu | kin /kin/ | giin /ɡiːn/ | giin /ɡiːn/ | kir /kiɾ/ | kia /kia/ | kii /kiː/ | kenah /kɛnah/ |
| Noi | kinan / ninan /kinan / ninan/ | giinawind / niinawind /ɡiːnawind / niːnawind/ | giinawind / niinawind /ɡiːnawind / niːnawind/ | kirano / ninan /kiɾano / ninan/ | kiona / niona /kiona / niona/ | kiilóona / niilóona /kiːloːna / niːloːna/ | kenaq / nenaq /kɛnaʔ / nɛnaʔ/ |
| Nome | zhnekaswen /ʒnɛkaswən/ | izhinikaazowin /iʒinikaːzowin/ | wiinzowin /wiːnzowin/ | icinikatewin /iʃinikatewin/ | wizôwôgan /wizɔ̃wɔ̃ɡan/ | wiinzuwaakan /wiːnzuwaːkan/ | -esian /ɛsian/ |
| Persona | bémadzet /bemadzɪt/ | anishinaabe /aniʃinaːbe/ | — | iriniw /iɾiniw/ | alnôba /alnɔ̃ba/ | — | — |
| Occhio | shkishek /ʃkɪʃek/ | oshkiinzhig /oʃkiːnʒiɡ/ | oshkìnzhig /ɔʃkiːnʒɪɡ/ | ockicikonan /oʃkiʃikonan/ | msizukw /msizukʷ/ | wíikšiit /wiːkʃiːt/ | oskēsek /oskeːsek/ |
| Orecchio | tog /toɡ/ | otawag /otawaɡ/ | otawag /ɔtawaɡ/ | otokainan /otokainan/ | otawagw /otawaɡʷ/ | — | — |
| Naso | jash /dʒaʃ/ | ojaanzh /odʒaːnʒ/ | — | okotinan /okotinan/ | — | — | — |
| Bocca | don /don/ | odoon /odoːn/ | odòn /ɔdɔːn/ | otoninan /otoninan/ | mdon /mdon/ | — | — |
| Dente | nibet /nibət/ | wiibid /wiːbid/ | wiibid /wiːbid/ | wipit /wipit/ | wibit /wibit/ | nipit /nipit/ | wēpet /weːpet/ |
| Lingua | tno /tənoː/ | denaniw /denaniw/ | apijan /apidʒan/ | oterininan /oteɾininan/ | wilalo /wilalo/ | wilanew /wilanew/ | tēnaniw /teːnaniw/ |
| Mano | nej /netʃ/ | ninij /ninidʒ/ | ninj /nɪndʒ/ | otcitcinan /otʃitʃinan/ | melji /meldʒi/ | mléelii /mleːliː/ | onehkeh /onehkeh/ |
| Piede | zet /zɛt/ | nizid /nizid/ | ozid /ozid/ | osit /osit/ | mzid /mzid/ | nzíit /nziːt/ | osēt /oseːt/ |
| Cuore | déh /deː/ | odeʼ /odeʔ/ | odè /ɔdeː/ | otehinan /otehinan/ | mlawôgan /mlawɔ̃ɡan/ | ulehyii /ulehjiː/ | otēh /oteːh/ |
| Osso | ken /kɛn/ | okan /okan/ | okan /okan/ | oskaninan /oskaninan/ | oskan /oskan/ | wakan /wakan/ | ohkan /ohkan/ |
| Sangue | mskwe /mskʷə/ | miskwi /miskwi/ | miskwi /miskwi/ | miko /miko/ | bagakan /baɡakan/ | mokw /mokʷ/ | meskoh /mɛskoh/ |
| Cacca | mowech /mowetʃ/ | moow /moːw/ | — | mei /mej/ | — | — | — |
| Amore | zhawéndan /ʒaweːndan/ | zaagiʼiwewin /zaːɡiʔiweːwin/ | sàgiʼà /saːɡiʔaː/ | sakihiwewin /sakihiwewin/ | kazalmômuk /kazalmɔ̃muk/ | ahóoluw /ahoːluw/ | kesāenemāew /kesaːenemaːew/ |
| Albero | mtëg /mtəɡ/ | mitig /mitiɡ/ | mitig /mɪtɪɡ/ | mictikw /miʃtikʷ/ | abazi /abazi/ | hìttuk /hitːuk/ | metekoh /metekoh/ |
| Cane | nemosh /nemoʃ/ | animosh /animoʃ/ | animosh /anɪmɔʃ/ | atimw /atimʷ/ | alemos /alemos/ | mwáakaneew /mwaːkaneːw/ | anēm /aneːm/ |
| Gatto | gazhag /ɡaʒaɡ/ | gaazhagens /ɡaːʒaɡens/ | — /—/ | minoc /minoʃ/ | minowis /minowis/ | póshiis /poʃiːs/ | — /—/ |
| Pesce | kigo /kiɡo/ | giigoonh /ɡiːɡõː/ | kikons /kiɡons/ | names /names/ | namas /namas/ | names /names/ | namēs /nameːs/ |
| Uccello | bnéshi /bneʃi/ | bineshiinh /bineʃĩː/ | — | pirecic /piɾeʃiʃ/ | sips /sips/ | awehléeshoosh /awehleːʃoːʃ/ | — |
| Farfalla | mémégé /memeɡe/ | memengwaa /memeŋɡwaː/ | — | kwakwapito /kwakwapito/ | — | — | mīmīkwǣw /miːmiːkwæːw/ |
| Uovo | waw /waw/ | waawan /waːwan/ | — | waw /waw/ | wôwan /wɔ̃wan/ | wáhwal /wahwal/ | — |
| Orso | mko /mko/ | makwa /makwa/ | makwa /makwa/ | masko /masko/ | awasos /awasos/ | maxkw /maxkʷ/ | awǣhsaeh /awæːhsæh/ |
| Cavallo | nékdosha /nekdoʃa/ | bebezhigooganzhii /bebeʒiɡoːɡanʒiː/ | pejòshkwe /peʒɔːʃkʷe/ | atikw /atikʷ/ | ases /ases/ | — | — |
| Casa | wigwam /wiɡwam/ | wiigiwaam /wiːɡiwaːm/ | wàkàigan /waːkaːiɡan/ | mikiwam /mikiwam/ | wigwôm /wiɡwɔ̃m/ | wíikwam /wiːkwam/ | wīkewam /wiːkewam/ |
| Latte | nonagnabo /nonaɡnabo/ | doodooshaaboo /doːdoːʃaːboː/ | tòdòshànàbò /tɔːdɔːʃaːnaːbɔː/ | tcotcocanapo /tʃotʃoʃanapo/ | todosnôbo /todosnɔ̃bo/ | — | — |
| Sale | siwtagen /siwtaɡen/ | zhiiwitaagan /ʒiːwitaːɡan/ | shìwitàgan /ʃiːwitaːɡan/ | ciwotakan /ʃiwotakan/ | siwan /siwan/ | shíiwang /ʃiːwaŋ/ | sēwehtākan /seːwehtaːkan/ |
| Vino | shomenabo /ʃomenabo/ | mazhoominaaboo /maʒoːminaːboː/ | — | minicapo /miniʃapo/ | makwbagak /makʷbaɡak/ | — | — |
| Riso | mnomen /mnomɪn/ | waabi-manoomin /waːbi manoːmin/ | — | miromin /miɾomin/ | — | — | manōmaeh /manoːmæh/ |
| Ferro | biwapêk /biwapʊk/ | biiwaabik /biːˈwaːbik/ | pìwàbik /piːwaːbik/ | piwapiskw /piwapiskʷ/ | — | — | — |
| Ruota | détpese /detpese/ | detibised /detibised/ | — | toro /toɾo/ | wakôlikws /wakɔ̃likʷs/ | — | — |
| Mangiare | wisne /wɪsne/ | wiisini /wiːsini/ | wìsini /wiːsɪni/ | mitciso /mitʃiso/ | midjoda /midʒoda/ | mit /mit/ | mīcew /miːtʃew/ |
| Bere | mnëkwé /mnəkwe/ | minikwe /minikwe/ | minikwe /mɪnɪkwe/ | minikwew /minikwew/ | minoda /minoda/ | mneew /mneew/ | menew /menew/ |
| Dormire | mbé /mbe/ | nibaa /nibaː/ | nibà /nibaː/ | nipaw /nipaw/ | — | — | nepāw /nepaːw/ |
| Uno | ngot /ŋɡot/ | bezhig /beʒiɡ/ | pejig /peʒɪɡ/ | peikw /pejkʷ/ | ngwedi /ŋɡwedi/ | ngwútii /ŋɡwutiː/ | nekot /nekot/ |
| Due | nish /nɪʒ/ | niizh /niːʒ/ | niizh /niːʒ/ | nicw /niʃʷ/ | nis /nis/ | niisha /niːʃa/ | nīs /niːs/ |
| Tre | nswe /nswə/ | niswi /niswi/ | nisin /nisin/ | nicto /niʃto/ | nas /nas/ | nxáh /nxaːh/ | nɛʔniw /nɛʔniw/ |
| Quattro | nyew /njɛw/ | niiwin /niːwin/ | niwin /niwin/ | new /new/ | iaw /jaw/ | néewa /neːwa/ | nīw /niːw/ |
| Cinque | nyanen /njanɪn/ | naanan /naːnan/ | naanan /naːnan/ | niaran /niaɾan/ | nôlan /nɔ̃lan/ | náalan /naːlan/ | nyānan /njaːnan/ |
| Cento | ngotwak /ŋɡotwak/ | ingodwaak /inɡodwaːk/ | — | mitato mitana /mitato mitana/ | nguedatgua /ŋɡwedatɡwa/ | nkwətaːpóxkə /nkwətaːpoxkə/ | — |
| Ciao | bozho /boʒo/ | boozhoo /boːʒoː/ | Kwe /kwe/ | kwei /kwej/ | kwai /kwai/ | hé /heː/ | posoh /posoh/ |
| Grazie | migwéch /miɡwetʃ/ | miigwech /miːɡʷetʃ/ | Migwech /mɪɡwetʃ/ | mikwetc /mikwetʃ/ | wliwni /wliwni/ | wanìshi /waniʃi/ | wāēwāēnen /waːeːwaːeːnen/ |
| Buono | mno /mno/ | mino /mino/ | mino /mɪnɔ/ | mirwacin /miɾwaʃin/ | wlaha /wlaha/ | weltóok /weltoːk/ | menwāewen /menwaːewen/ |
| Rosso | mskwa /mskwa/ | miskwaa /miskwaː/ | miskwa /miskwa/ | mikwaw /mikwaw/ | mkwi /mkwi/ | maxkeew /maxkeːw/ | mɛhkon /mɛhkon/ |
| Bianco | wabshkya /wabʃkja/ | waabishkaa /waːbiʃkaː/ | wàbà /waːbaː/ | wapaw /wapaw/ | wôbi /wɔ̃bi/ | waapeew /waːpeːw/ | — |
| Verde | skebgya /skʌbkja/ | ozhaawashkwaa /oʒaːwaʃkwaː/ | ozhàwashkwà /ɔʒaːwaʃkwaː/ | ocawackwaw /oʃawaʃkwaw/ | askaskui /askaskwi/ | — | — |
| Blu | wichapkwa /witʃapkwa/ | ozhaawashkwaa /oʒaːwaʃkwaː/ | — | waseskonaw /waseskonaw/ | wlôwi /wlɔ̃wi/ | — | — |
| Tè | ti /ti/ | aniibiish /aniːbiːʃ/ | — | nipicwapo /nipiʃwapo/ | di /di/ | — | — |
| Caffè | kapi /kapi/ | makade-mashkikiwaaboo /makade maʃkikiwaːboː/ | — | kapi /kapi/ | kapi /kapi/ | — | — |
| Zucchero | zisbakwet /sispakwɪt/ | ziinzibaakwad /ziːnzibaːkwad/ | — | sisipaskot /sisipaskot/ | zogal /zoɡal/ | — | — |
| Arancia | anjes /andʒes/ | wezaawiminagizid /wezaːwiminaɡizid/ | — | wapimin ka osawacaket /wapimin ka osawaʃaket/ | wasawas /wasawas/ | — | — |
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