Rutooro
托罗语
大西洋-刚果语系（班图语群，JE 卢尼亚基塔拉语群）
图罗语（Rutooro）是乌干达西部的班图 JE 语，约66万人使用。在 Runyakitara 群中是尼奥罗语的姐妹语，两者有时被合并视作单一语言（Rutooro-Runyoro）。以1993年复兴的历史性图罗王国都城波特尔堡为中心。以孩童获得12个传统赞美之名（Empaako）中的一个的爱称传统（2013年联合国教科文组织非遗）著名。具9个名词类和复杂时制体系。以拉丁字母正字法用于初等教育，并在鲁文佐里地区的广播网中日常运作。与同语支的 Nyoro 一同被联合国教科文组织指定为 Empaako 爱称传统的承载语言（2013年）。
使用地区
托罗语的87个核心词
chocolate
omucunguwa
来源
单词比较
与同属大西洋-刚果语系（班图语群，JE 卢尼亚基塔拉语群）的语言比较
| 含义 | 托罗语 | 尼奥罗语 | 尼安科莱语 | 奇加语 | 索加语 | 卢干达语 | 卢旺达语 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 水 | amaizi /amaizi/ | amaizi /amaizi/ | amaizi /amaizi/ | amaizi /amaizi/ | amaadhi /amaːd̪i/ | amazzi /amaːzːi/ | amazi /amaːzi/ |
| 火 | omurro /omuro/ | omurro /omurro/ | omuriro /omuriro/ | omuriro /omuriro/ | omuliro /omuliro/ | omuliro /omuliɾo/ | umuriro /umuɾiɾo/ |
| 太阳 | izooba /izoːba/ | izooba /izoːba/ | eizooba /eizoːba/ | eizooba /eizoːba/ | endhuba /end̪uba/ | enjuba /eɲɟuba/ | izuba /izuba/ |
| 月亮 | okwezi /okwezi/ | okwezi /okwezi/ | okwezi /okwezi/ | okwezi /okwezi/ | omwezi /omwezi/ | omwezi /omwezi/ | ukwezi /ukwezi/ |
| 星 | enyunyuuzi /eɲuɲuːzi/ | enyunyuunzi /eɲuɲuːnzi/ | enyonyoozi /eɲoɲoːzi/ | enyonyoozi /eɲoɲoːzi/ | emuunienie /emuːɲeɲe/ | emmunyeenye /emːuɲeːɲe/ | inyenyeri /iɲeɲeri/ |
| 晚上 | ekiro /ekiro/ | ekiro /ekiro/ | ekiro /ekiro/ | ekiro /etʃiro/ | obwire /obwire/ | ekiro /etʃiro/ | ijoro /iʒoro/ |
| 雨 | enjura /endʒura/ | enjura /eɲɟura/ | enjura /enˈdʒura/ | enjura /eɲɟura/ | enkuba /eŋkuba/ | enkuba /eŋˈkuba/ | imvura /imˈvura/ |
| 雪 | ebirika /eβirika/ | ebirika /eβirika/ | — | — | — | omuzira /omuzira/ | shelegi /ʃeleɡi/ |
| 风 | omuyaga /omujaɡa/ | omuyaga /omujaɡa/ | omuyaga /omujaɡa/ | omuyaga /omujaɡa/ | empewo /empewo/ | empewo /empeːwo/ | umuyaga /umujaɣa/ |
| 土 | itaaka /itaːka/ | itaka /itaka/ | eitaka /eitaka/ | eitaka /eitaka/ | eitaka /eitaka/ | ettaka /ettaka/ | ubutaka /uɓutaka/ |
| 石头 | ibaale /iβaːle/ | ibaale /iβaːle/ | eibaare /eiˈbaːre/ | eibaare /eiˈbaːre/ | eibaale /eibaːle/ | ejjinja /edʒːiˈndʒa/ | ibuye /iˈɓuje/ |
| 山 | orusozi /orusozi/ | orusozi /orusozi/ | orushozi /oruʃozi/ | omusozi /omusozi/ | olusozi /olusozi/ | olusozi /olusozi/ | umusozi /umusozi/ |
| 海 | enyanja /eɲaːndʒa/ | enyanja /eɲaɲɟa/ | enyanja /eɲaɲdʒa/ | enyanja /eɲaɲdʒa/ | enhandha /eɲand̪a/ | ennyanja /eɲːaɲdʒa/ | inyanja /iɲandʒa/ |
| 母亲 | nyinya /ɲiɲa/ | nyinya /ɲiɲa/ | maawe /maːwe/ | nyina /ɲina/ | maama /maːma/ | maama /maːma/ | mama /maːma/ |
| 父亲 | isho /iʃo/ | isho /iʃo/ | tata /tata/ | ishe /iʃe/ | lata /lata/ | taata /taːta/ | papa /paːpa/ |
| 女儿 | omuhara /omuhara/ | omuhara /omuhara/ | omuhara /omuhara/ | omuhara /omuhara/ | omughala /omuɣala/ | omuwala /omuwala/ | umukobwa /umukobwa/ |
| 我 | nyowe /ɲowe/ | nyowe /ɲowe/ | nyowe /ɲowe/ | nyowe /ɲowe/ | nze /nze/ | nze /nze/ | njye /ɲɟe/ |
| 你 | iwe /iwe/ | iwe /iwe/ | iwe /iwe/ | iwe /iwe/ | iwe /iwe/ | ggwe /ɡːwe/ | wowe /wowe/ |
| 我们 | itwe /itwe/ | itwe /itwe/ | itwe /itwe/ | itwe /itwe/ | iffe /ifːe/ | ffe /fːe/ | twebwe /twebwe/ |
| 名字 | ibara /iβara/ | ibara /iβara/ | eiziina /eiziːna/ | eiziina /eiziːna/ | eriina /eriːna/ | erinnya /eriɲːa/ | izina /izina/ |
| 人 | omuntu /omuntu/ | omuntu /omuntu/ | omuntu /omuntu/ | omuntu /omuntu/ | omuntu /omuntu/ | omuntu /omuntu/ | umuntu /umuntu/ |
| 头 | omutwe /omutwe/ | omutwe /omutwe/ | omutwe /omutwe/ | omutwe /omutwe/ | omutwe /omutwe/ | omutwe /omutwe/ | umutwe /umutwe/ |
| 眼睛 | eriiso /eriːso/ | eriiso /eriːso/ | eriisho /eriːʃo/ | eriisho /eriːʃo/ | eriiso /eriːso/ | eriiso /eɾiːso/ | ijisho /iʒiʃo/ |
| 耳朵 | okutu /okutu/ | okutu /okutu/ | okutu /okutu/ | okutu /okutu/ | okutu /okutu/ | okutu /okutu/ | ugutwi /uɣutwi/ |
| 鼻子 | enyindo /eɲindo/ | enyindo /eɲindo/ | enyindo /eɲindo/ | enyindo /eɲindo/ | enhindo /eɲindo/ | ennyindo /eɲːindo/ | izuru /iˈzuɾu/ |
| 嘴 | akanwa /akanwa/ | akanwa /akanwa/ | akanwa /akanwa/ | akanwa /akanwa/ | omunwa /omunwa/ | akamwa /akamwa/ | akanwa /akanwa/ |
| 牙 | eriino /eriːno/ | eriino /eriːno/ | eriino /eriːno/ | eriino /eriːno/ | erino /erino/ | erinnyo /eriɲːo/ | iryinyo /irjiɲo/ |
| 舌头 | orulimi /orulimi/ | orulimi /orulimi/ | orurimi /orurimi/ | orurimi /orurimi/ | olulimi /olulimi/ | olulimi /olulimi/ | ururimi /ururimi/ |
| 手 | engaro /eŋɡaro/ | omukono /omukono/ | omukono /omukono/ | omukono /omukono/ | omukono /omukono/ | omukono /omukono/ | ikiganza /ikiɡanza/ |
| 脚 | ekigere /ekiɡere/ | ekigere /ekiɡere/ | ekigyere /ekiɡjere/ | ekigyere /ekiɡjere/ | ekigere /ekiɡere/ | ekigere /etʃiɡere/ | ikirenge /ikirenɡe/ |
| 心 | omutima /omutima/ | omutima /omutima/ | omutima /omutima/ | omutima /omutima/ | omutima /omutima/ | omutima /omutima/ | umutima /umutima/ |
| 骨头 | igufa /iɡufa/ | igufa /iɡufa/ | eigufa /eiɡufa/ | eigufa /eiɡufa/ | eigumba /eiɡumba/ | eggumba /eɡːumba/ | igufwa /iɡufwa/ |
| 血 | esagama /esaɡama/ | esagama /esaɡama/ | eshagama /eʃaɡama/ | eshagama /eʃaɡama/ | omusaayi /omusaːji/ | omusaayi /omusaːji/ | amaraso /amaraso/ |
| 便便 | amaazi /amaːzi/ | amazi /amazi/ | amazi /amazi/ | amazi /amazi/ | amazzi /amazːi/ | empitambi /empitambi/ | amase /amase/ |
| 爱 | kugonza /kuɡonza/ | kugonza /kuɡonza/ | rukundo /rukundo/ | kukunda /kukunda/ | kugonza /kuɡonza/ | okwagala /okwaːɡala/ | urukundo /uɾukundo/ |
| 树 | omuti /omuti/ | omuti /omuti/ | omuti /omuti/ | omuti /omuti/ | omuti /omuti/ | omuti /omuti/ | igiti /iɡiti/ |
| 狗 | embwa /embwa/ | embwa /embwa/ | embwa /embwa/ | embwa /embwa/ | embwa /embwa/ | embwa /embwa/ | imbwa /imbwa/ |
| 猫 | enjangu /endʒaŋɡu/ | paaka /paːka/ | enjangu /endʒaŋɡu/ | kapa /kapa/ | pusi /pusi/ | kkapa /kːapa/ | injangwe /indʒaŋɡwe/ |
| 鱼 | encu /entʃu/ | encu /eɲtʃu/ | eky'enyanja /etʃeɲaɲdʒa/ | eky'enyanja /etʃeɲaɲdʒa/ | ekyenhandha /etʃeɲand̪a/ | ekyennyanja /etʃeɲːaɲdʒa/ | ifi /ifi/ |
| 鸟 | enyonyi /eɲoɲi/ | enyonyi /eɲoɲi/ | enyonyi /eɲoɲi/ | enyonyi /eɲoɲi/ | enhonhi /eɲoɲi/ | ennyonyi /eɲːoˈɲi/ | inyoni /iˈɲoni/ |
| 蝴蝶 | ekihoiholya /ekihoiholja/ | — | ekihuguuhugu /ekihuɡuːhuɡu/ | ekinyugunyugu /etʃiɲuɡuɲuɡu/ | ekiwoiwolo /ekiwoiwolo/ | ekiwojjolo /etʃiwodʒːolo/ | ikinyugunyugu /ikiɲuɡuɲuɡu/ |
| 鸡蛋 | ihuli /ihuli/ | ihuli /ihuli/ | eihuri /eihuri/ | eihuri /eihuri/ | eggi /eɡːi/ | eggi /ˈeɡːi/ | igi /iɡi/ |
| 熊 | edubu /edubu/ | edubu /edubu/ | edubu /edubu/ | edubu /edubu/ | — | eddubu /edːubu/ | idubu /iduβu/ |
| 马 | embarasi /embarasi/ | embaraasi /embaraːsi/ | embaraasi /embaraːsi/ | embaraasi /embaraːsi/ | embalaasi /embalaːsi/ | embalaasi /embalaːsi/ | ifarashi /ifaˈraʃi/ |
| 房子 | enju /endʒu/ | enju /endʒu/ | enju /endʒu/ | enju /endʒu/ | endhu /end̪u/ | ennyumba /eɲːumba/ | inzu /inzu/ |
| 牛奶 | amata /amata/ | amata /amata/ | amate /amate/ | amate /amate/ | amata /amata/ | amata /amata/ | amata /amata/ |
| 蜂蜜 | obwoki /oβwoki/ | obwoki /obwoki/ | obwoki /obwoki/ | obwuuki /obwuːtʃi/ | omudheenene /omud̪eːnene/ | omubisi gwʼenjuki /omubisi ɡweɲdʒuki/ | ubuki /ubuki/ |
| 盐 | omunyu /omuɲu/ | omunyu /omuɲu/ | omwonyo /omwoɲo/ | omwonyo /omwoɲo/ | omuunhu /omuːɲu/ | omunnyo /omuɲːo/ | umunyu /umuɲu/ |
| 葡萄酒 | eviini /eviːni/ | eviini /eviːni/ | viino /viːno/ | viino /viːno/ | omwenge gw'emizabbibu /omweŋɡe ɡwemizabːibu/ | wayini /wajini/ | divayi /divaji/ |
| 巧克力 | chocolate | — | — | — | — | kyokoleeti | shokora /ʃokora/ |
| 铁 | ekyoma /ekjoma/ | ekyoma /ekjoma/ | ekyoma /eˈkjoma/ | obutare /obutare/ | ekyuma /ekjuma/ | ekyuma /eˈtʃuːma/ | icyuma /iˈtʃuma/ |
| 轮子 | enyamuziga /eɲamuziɡa/ | enyamuziga /eɲamuziɡa/ | enyamuziga /eɲamuziɡa/ | enyamuziga /eɲamuziɡa/ | enkede /eŋkede/ | nnamuziga /nːamuˈziɡa/ | uruziga /uɾuziɡa/ |
| 丝 | liiri /liːri/ | liiri /liːri/ | riiri /riːri/ | riiri /riːri/ | liiri /liːri/ | liiri /liːri/ | hariri /hariri/ |
| 书 | ekitabu /ekitaβu/ | ekitabu /ekitaβu/ | ekitabo /ekitabo/ | ekitabo /etʃitabo/ | ekitabo /ekitabo/ | ekitabo /etʃitabo/ | igitabo /iɡitabo/ |
| 吃 | kulya /kulja/ | kulya /kulja/ | kurya /kurja/ | kurya /kurja/ | kulya /kulja/ | okulya /okulja/ | kurya /kuɾja/ |
| 喝 | kunywa /kuɲwa/ | kunywa /kuɲwa/ | kunywa /kuɲwa/ | kunywa /kuɲwa/ | kunhwa /kuɲʷa/ | okunywa /okuɲʷa/ | kunywa /kuɲwa/ |
| 睡觉 | kubyama /kuβjama/ | kubyama /kubjama/ | kubyama /kubjama/ | kubyama /kubjama/ | kutenduka /kutenduka/ | okwebaka /okweβaka/ | gusinzira /ɡusinzira/ |
| 一 | emu /emu/ | emu /emu/ | emwe /emwe/ | rumwe /rumwe/ | ndala /ndala/ | emu /emu/ | rimwe /ɾimwe/ |
| 二 | ibiri /iβiri/ | ibiri /iβiri/ | ibiri /iβiri/ | ibiri /iβiri/ | ibiri /ibiri/ | bbiri /bːiri/ | kabiri /kabiri/ |
| 三 | isatu /iːsatu/ | isatu /isatu/ | ishatu /iʃatu/ | ishatu /iʃatu/ | isatu /isatu/ | ssatu /sːatu/ | gatatu /ɡatatu/ |
| 四 | ina /iːna/ | ina /ina/ | eina /eina/ | ina /ina/ | ina /ina/ | nnya /ɲːa/ | kane /kane/ |
| 五 | itaano /iˈtaːno/ | itaano /iˈtaːno/ | itaano /itaːno/ | itaano /itaːno/ | itaanu /iˈtaːnu/ | ttaano /tːaːno/ | gatanu /ɡataːnu/ |
| 百 | kikumi /kikumi/ | kikumi /tʃikumi/ | igana /iɡana/ | igana /iɡana/ | kikumi /kikumi/ | kikumi /tʃikumi/ | ijana /iʒana/ |
| 你好 | oraire ota /oraire ota/ | oraire ota /oraire ota/ | agandi /aɡandi/ | oraire /oraire/ | mwaakire /mwaːkire/ | oli otya /oli otja/ | muraho /muɾaːho/ |
| 谢谢 | webale /webale/ | webale /webale/ | webare /webare/ | webare /webare/ | weebale /weːbale/ | webale /weːbale/ | murakoze /muɾakoze/ |
| 好 | kurungi /kuruŋɡi/ | kurungi /kuruŋɡi/ | kirungi /kiruŋɡi/ | kurungi /kuruŋɡi/ | bulungi /buluŋɡi/ | kirungi /tʃiruŋɡi/ | byiza /bjiza/ |
| 新 | ekihyaka /ekihjaka/ | ekihyaka /ekihjaka/ | ekisya /ekisja/ | ekisya /etʃisja/ | iyaka /ijaka/ | mpya /mpja/ | gishya /ɡiʃja/ |
| 红 | kutukura /kutukura/ | kutukura /kutukura/ | kutukura /kutukura/ | kutukura /kutukura/ | myufu /mjufu/ | myufu /mjufu/ | utukura /utukura/ |
| 白 | kwera /kwera/ | kwera /kwera/ | kwera /kwera/ | kwera /kwera/ | ndheru /nd̪eru/ | eru /eːru/ | umweru /umweru/ |
| 黑 | kwiragura /kwiraɡura/ | kwiragura /kwiraɡura/ | kwiragura /kwiraɡura/ | kwiragura /kwiraɡura/ | ndhirugavu /nd̪iruɡavu/ | ddugavu /dduɡavu/ | umukara /umukara/ |
| 蓝 | bururu /βururu/ | — | bururu /bururu/ | — | bbululu /bːululu/ | bululu /bululu/ | ubururu /ubururu/ |
| 电脑 | kompyuta /kompjuta/ | — | kompyuta /kompjuta/ | kompiyuta /kompijuta/ | — | kompyuta /kompjuta/ | mudasobwa /mudasobwa/ |
| 咖啡 | kaawa /kaːwa/ | — | kaawa /kaːwa/ | — | — | kaawa /kaːwa/ | ikawa /ikawa/ |
| 橙 | omucunguwa | — | omucungwa /omutʃuŋɡwa/ | — | — | omucungwa /omutʃuŋɡwa/ | icunga /itʃuŋɡa/ |
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