Luganda
卢干达语
大西洋-刚果（班图语支）
卢干达语是乌干达使用最广的班图语，以首都坎帕拉为核心的布干达王国的固有语言。是甘达人（巴干达）的语言，也是乌干达的主要通用语之一。具有 10 个名词类、元音长度对立，并以声调区别词汇与语法意义。布干达王国是东非殖民前组织最严密的王国之一，19 世纪末成为英国保护领后仍保有广泛自治。约 700 万使用者，使用拉丁字母书写。
使用地区
卢干达语的87个核心词
kyokoleeti
来源
- en.wiktionary Luganda lemmas (ennyonyi, ekitabo, omuwala, embwa, eggi, omuliro, ekyennyanja, ekigere, omutwe, ekyuma, olusozi, ekiro, omunnyo, ennyanja, omuzira, emmunyeenye, ssukaali, caayi, erinnyo, omuti, amazzi); Luganda Bible 2003 (LB03, bible.com 2808); lexibank tls dataset, Luganda list (kkapa, nnyindo, embwa); Snoxall 1967 Luganda-English Dictionary (general reference, not consulted this round)
单词比较
与同属大西洋-刚果（班图语支）的语言比较
| 含义 | 卢干达语 | 索加语 | 尼安科莱语 | 尼奥罗语 | 奇加语 | 托罗语 | 卢旺达语 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 水 | amazzi /amaːzːi/ | amaadhi /amaːd̪i/ | amaizi /amaizi/ | amaizi /amaizi/ | amaizi /amaizi/ | amaizi /amaizi/ | amazi /amaːzi/ |
| 火 | omuliro /omuliɾo/ | omuliro /omuliro/ | omuriro /omuriro/ | omurro /omurro/ | omuriro /omuriro/ | omurro /omuro/ | umuriro /umuɾiɾo/ |
| 太阳 | enjuba /eɲɟuba/ | endhuba /end̪uba/ | eizooba /eizoːba/ | izooba /izoːba/ | eizooba /eizoːba/ | izooba /izoːba/ | izuba /izuba/ |
| 月亮 | omwezi /omwezi/ | omwezi /omwezi/ | okwezi /okwezi/ | okwezi /okwezi/ | okwezi /okwezi/ | okwezi /okwezi/ | ukwezi /ukwezi/ |
| 星 | emmunyeenye /emːuɲeːɲe/ | emuunienie /emuːɲeɲe/ | enyonyoozi /eɲoɲoːzi/ | enyunyuunzi /eɲuɲuːnzi/ | enyonyoozi /eɲoɲoːzi/ | enyunyuuzi /eɲuɲuːzi/ | inyenyeri /iɲeɲeri/ |
| 晚上 | ekiro /etʃiro/ | obwire /obwire/ | ekiro /ekiro/ | ekiro /ekiro/ | ekiro /etʃiro/ | ekiro /ekiro/ | ijoro /iʒoro/ |
| 雨 | enkuba /eŋˈkuba/ | enkuba /eŋkuba/ | enjura /enˈdʒura/ | enjura /eɲɟura/ | enjura /eɲɟura/ | enjura /endʒura/ | imvura /imˈvura/ |
| 雪 | omuzira /omuzira/ | — | — | ebirika /eβirika/ | — | ebirika /eβirika/ | shelegi /ʃeleɡi/ |
| 风 | empewo /empeːwo/ | empewo /empewo/ | omuyaga /omujaɡa/ | omuyaga /omujaɡa/ | omuyaga /omujaɡa/ | omuyaga /omujaɡa/ | umuyaga /umujaɣa/ |
| 土 | ettaka /ettaka/ | eitaka /eitaka/ | eitaka /eitaka/ | itaka /itaka/ | eitaka /eitaka/ | itaaka /itaːka/ | ubutaka /uɓutaka/ |
| 石头 | ejjinja /edʒːiˈndʒa/ | eibaale /eibaːle/ | eibaare /eiˈbaːre/ | ibaale /iβaːle/ | eibaare /eiˈbaːre/ | ibaale /iβaːle/ | ibuye /iˈɓuje/ |
| 山 | olusozi /olusozi/ | olusozi /olusozi/ | orushozi /oruʃozi/ | orusozi /orusozi/ | omusozi /omusozi/ | orusozi /orusozi/ | umusozi /umusozi/ |
| 海 | ennyanja /eɲːaɲdʒa/ | enhandha /eɲand̪a/ | enyanja /eɲaɲdʒa/ | enyanja /eɲaɲɟa/ | enyanja /eɲaɲdʒa/ | enyanja /eɲaːndʒa/ | inyanja /iɲandʒa/ |
| 母亲 | maama /maːma/ | maama /maːma/ | maawe /maːwe/ | nyinya /ɲiɲa/ | nyina /ɲina/ | nyinya /ɲiɲa/ | mama /maːma/ |
| 父亲 | taata /taːta/ | lata /lata/ | tata /tata/ | isho /iʃo/ | ishe /iʃe/ | isho /iʃo/ | papa /paːpa/ |
| 女儿 | omuwala /omuwala/ | omughala /omuɣala/ | omuhara /omuhara/ | omuhara /omuhara/ | omuhara /omuhara/ | omuhara /omuhara/ | umukobwa /umukobwa/ |
| 我 | nze /nze/ | nze /nze/ | nyowe /ɲowe/ | nyowe /ɲowe/ | nyowe /ɲowe/ | nyowe /ɲowe/ | njye /ɲɟe/ |
| 你 | ggwe /ɡːwe/ | iwe /iwe/ | iwe /iwe/ | iwe /iwe/ | iwe /iwe/ | iwe /iwe/ | wowe /wowe/ |
| 我们 | ffe /fːe/ | iffe /ifːe/ | itwe /itwe/ | itwe /itwe/ | itwe /itwe/ | itwe /itwe/ | twebwe /twebwe/ |
| 名字 | erinnya /eriɲːa/ | eriina /eriːna/ | eiziina /eiziːna/ | ibara /iβara/ | eiziina /eiziːna/ | ibara /iβara/ | izina /izina/ |
| 人 | omuntu /omuntu/ | omuntu /omuntu/ | omuntu /omuntu/ | omuntu /omuntu/ | omuntu /omuntu/ | omuntu /omuntu/ | umuntu /umuntu/ |
| 头 | omutwe /omutwe/ | omutwe /omutwe/ | omutwe /omutwe/ | omutwe /omutwe/ | omutwe /omutwe/ | omutwe /omutwe/ | umutwe /umutwe/ |
| 眼睛 | eriiso /eɾiːso/ | eriiso /eriːso/ | eriisho /eriːʃo/ | eriiso /eriːso/ | eriisho /eriːʃo/ | eriiso /eriːso/ | ijisho /iʒiʃo/ |
| 耳朵 | okutu /okutu/ | okutu /okutu/ | okutu /okutu/ | okutu /okutu/ | okutu /okutu/ | okutu /okutu/ | ugutwi /uɣutwi/ |
| 鼻子 | ennyindo /eɲːindo/ | enhindo /eɲindo/ | enyindo /eɲindo/ | enyindo /eɲindo/ | enyindo /eɲindo/ | enyindo /eɲindo/ | izuru /iˈzuɾu/ |
| 嘴 | akamwa /akamwa/ | omunwa /omunwa/ | akanwa /akanwa/ | akanwa /akanwa/ | akanwa /akanwa/ | akanwa /akanwa/ | akanwa /akanwa/ |
| 牙 | erinnyo /eriɲːo/ | erino /erino/ | eriino /eriːno/ | eriino /eriːno/ | eriino /eriːno/ | eriino /eriːno/ | iryinyo /irjiɲo/ |
| 舌头 | olulimi /olulimi/ | olulimi /olulimi/ | orurimi /orurimi/ | orulimi /orulimi/ | orurimi /orurimi/ | orulimi /orulimi/ | ururimi /ururimi/ |
| 手 | omukono /omukono/ | omukono /omukono/ | omukono /omukono/ | omukono /omukono/ | omukono /omukono/ | engaro /eŋɡaro/ | ikiganza /ikiɡanza/ |
| 脚 | ekigere /etʃiɡere/ | ekigere /ekiɡere/ | ekigyere /ekiɡjere/ | ekigere /ekiɡere/ | ekigyere /ekiɡjere/ | ekigere /ekiɡere/ | ikirenge /ikirenɡe/ |
| 心 | omutima /omutima/ | omutima /omutima/ | omutima /omutima/ | omutima /omutima/ | omutima /omutima/ | omutima /omutima/ | umutima /umutima/ |
| 骨头 | eggumba /eɡːumba/ | eigumba /eiɡumba/ | eigufa /eiɡufa/ | igufa /iɡufa/ | eigufa /eiɡufa/ | igufa /iɡufa/ | igufwa /iɡufwa/ |
| 血 | omusaayi /omusaːji/ | omusaayi /omusaːji/ | eshagama /eʃaɡama/ | esagama /esaɡama/ | eshagama /eʃaɡama/ | esagama /esaɡama/ | amaraso /amaraso/ |
| 便便 | empitambi /empitambi/ | amazzi /amazːi/ | amazi /amazi/ | amazi /amazi/ | amazi /amazi/ | amaazi /amaːzi/ | amase /amase/ |
| 爱 | okwagala /okwaːɡala/ | kugonza /kuɡonza/ | rukundo /rukundo/ | kugonza /kuɡonza/ | kukunda /kukunda/ | kugonza /kuɡonza/ | urukundo /uɾukundo/ |
| 树 | omuti /omuti/ | omuti /omuti/ | omuti /omuti/ | omuti /omuti/ | omuti /omuti/ | omuti /omuti/ | igiti /iɡiti/ |
| 狗 | embwa /embwa/ | embwa /embwa/ | embwa /embwa/ | embwa /embwa/ | embwa /embwa/ | embwa /embwa/ | imbwa /imbwa/ |
| 猫 | kkapa /kːapa/ | pusi /pusi/ | enjangu /endʒaŋɡu/ | paaka /paːka/ | kapa /kapa/ | enjangu /endʒaŋɡu/ | injangwe /indʒaŋɡwe/ |
| 鱼 | ekyennyanja /etʃeɲːaɲdʒa/ | ekyenhandha /etʃeɲand̪a/ | eky'enyanja /etʃeɲaɲdʒa/ | encu /eɲtʃu/ | eky'enyanja /etʃeɲaɲdʒa/ | encu /entʃu/ | ifi /ifi/ |
| 鸟 | ennyonyi /eɲːoˈɲi/ | enhonhi /eɲoɲi/ | enyonyi /eɲoɲi/ | enyonyi /eɲoɲi/ | enyonyi /eɲoɲi/ | enyonyi /eɲoɲi/ | inyoni /iˈɲoni/ |
| 蝴蝶 | ekiwojjolo /etʃiwodʒːolo/ | ekiwoiwolo /ekiwoiwolo/ | ekihuguuhugu /ekihuɡuːhuɡu/ | — | ekinyugunyugu /etʃiɲuɡuɲuɡu/ | ekihoiholya /ekihoiholja/ | ikinyugunyugu /ikiɲuɡuɲuɡu/ |
| 鸡蛋 | eggi /ˈeɡːi/ | eggi /eɡːi/ | eihuri /eihuri/ | ihuli /ihuli/ | eihuri /eihuri/ | ihuli /ihuli/ | igi /iɡi/ |
| 熊 | eddubu /edːubu/ | — | edubu /edubu/ | edubu /edubu/ | edubu /edubu/ | edubu /edubu/ | idubu /iduβu/ |
| 马 | embalaasi /embalaːsi/ | embalaasi /embalaːsi/ | embaraasi /embaraːsi/ | embaraasi /embaraːsi/ | embaraasi /embaraːsi/ | embarasi /embarasi/ | ifarashi /ifaˈraʃi/ |
| 房子 | ennyumba /eɲːumba/ | endhu /end̪u/ | enju /endʒu/ | enju /endʒu/ | enju /endʒu/ | enju /endʒu/ | inzu /inzu/ |
| 牛奶 | amata /amata/ | amata /amata/ | amate /amate/ | amata /amata/ | amate /amate/ | amata /amata/ | amata /amata/ |
| 蜂蜜 | omubisi gwʼenjuki /omubisi ɡweɲdʒuki/ | omudheenene /omud̪eːnene/ | obwoki /obwoki/ | obwoki /obwoki/ | obwuuki /obwuːtʃi/ | obwoki /oβwoki/ | ubuki /ubuki/ |
| 盐 | omunnyo /omuɲːo/ | omuunhu /omuːɲu/ | omwonyo /omwoɲo/ | omunyu /omuɲu/ | omwonyo /omwoɲo/ | omunyu /omuɲu/ | umunyu /umuɲu/ |
| 葡萄酒 | wayini /wajini/ | omwenge gw'emizabbibu /omweŋɡe ɡwemizabːibu/ | viino /viːno/ | eviini /eviːni/ | viino /viːno/ | eviini /eviːni/ | divayi /divaji/ |
| 米 | omuceere /omutʃeːre/ | omutyele /omutjele/ | omukyeeri /omukjeːri/ | — | omukyeeri /omutʃeːri/ | — | umuceri /umuˈtʃeri/ |
| 巧克力 | kyokoleeti | — | — | — | — | chocolate | shokora /ʃokora/ |
| 铁 | ekyuma /eˈtʃuːma/ | ekyuma /ekjuma/ | ekyoma /eˈkjoma/ | ekyoma /ekjoma/ | obutare /obutare/ | ekyoma /ekjoma/ | icyuma /iˈtʃuma/ |
| 轮子 | nnamuziga /nːamuˈziɡa/ | enkede /eŋkede/ | enyamuziga /eɲamuziɡa/ | enyamuziga /eɲamuziɡa/ | enyamuziga /eɲamuziɡa/ | enyamuziga /eɲamuziɡa/ | uruziga /uɾuziɡa/ |
| 丝 | liiri /liːri/ | liiri /liːri/ | riiri /riːri/ | liiri /liːri/ | riiri /riːri/ | liiri /liːri/ | hariri /hariri/ |
| 书 | ekitabo /etʃitabo/ | ekitabo /ekitabo/ | ekitabo /ekitabo/ | ekitabu /ekitaβu/ | ekitabo /etʃitabo/ | ekitabu /ekitaβu/ | igitabo /iɡitabo/ |
| 吃 | okulya /okulja/ | kulya /kulja/ | kurya /kurja/ | kulya /kulja/ | kurya /kurja/ | kulya /kulja/ | kurya /kuɾja/ |
| 喝 | okunywa /okuɲʷa/ | kunhwa /kuɲʷa/ | kunywa /kuɲwa/ | kunywa /kuɲwa/ | kunywa /kuɲwa/ | kunywa /kuɲwa/ | kunywa /kuɲwa/ |
| 睡觉 | okwebaka /okweβaka/ | kutenduka /kutenduka/ | kubyama /kubjama/ | kubyama /kubjama/ | kubyama /kubjama/ | kubyama /kuβjama/ | gusinzira /ɡusinzira/ |
| 一 | emu /emu/ | ndala /ndala/ | emwe /emwe/ | emu /emu/ | rumwe /rumwe/ | emu /emu/ | rimwe /ɾimwe/ |
| 二 | bbiri /bːiri/ | ibiri /ibiri/ | ibiri /iβiri/ | ibiri /iβiri/ | ibiri /iβiri/ | ibiri /iβiri/ | kabiri /kabiri/ |
| 三 | ssatu /sːatu/ | isatu /isatu/ | ishatu /iʃatu/ | isatu /isatu/ | ishatu /iʃatu/ | isatu /iːsatu/ | gatatu /ɡatatu/ |
| 四 | nnya /ɲːa/ | ina /ina/ | eina /eina/ | ina /ina/ | ina /ina/ | ina /iːna/ | kane /kane/ |
| 五 | ttaano /tːaːno/ | itaanu /iˈtaːnu/ | itaano /itaːno/ | itaano /iˈtaːno/ | itaano /itaːno/ | itaano /iˈtaːno/ | gatanu /ɡataːnu/ |
| 百 | kikumi /tʃikumi/ | kikumi /kikumi/ | igana /iɡana/ | kikumi /tʃikumi/ | igana /iɡana/ | kikumi /kikumi/ | ijana /iʒana/ |
| 你好 | oli otya /oli otja/ | mwaakire /mwaːkire/ | agandi /aɡandi/ | oraire ota /oraire ota/ | oraire /oraire/ | oraire ota /oraire ota/ | muraho /muɾaːho/ |
| 谢谢 | webale /weːbale/ | weebale /weːbale/ | webare /webare/ | webale /webale/ | webare /webare/ | webale /webale/ | murakoze /muɾakoze/ |
| 好 | kirungi /tʃiruŋɡi/ | bulungi /buluŋɡi/ | kirungi /kiruŋɡi/ | kurungi /kuruŋɡi/ | kurungi /kuruŋɡi/ | kurungi /kuruŋɡi/ | byiza /bjiza/ |
| 新 | mpya /mpja/ | iyaka /ijaka/ | ekisya /ekisja/ | ekihyaka /ekihjaka/ | ekisya /etʃisja/ | ekihyaka /ekihjaka/ | gishya /ɡiʃja/ |
| 红 | myufu /mjufu/ | myufu /mjufu/ | kutukura /kutukura/ | kutukura /kutukura/ | kutukura /kutukura/ | kutukura /kutukura/ | utukura /utukura/ |
| 白 | eru /eːru/ | ndheru /nd̪eru/ | kwera /kwera/ | kwera /kwera/ | kwera /kwera/ | kwera /kwera/ | umweru /umweru/ |
| 黑 | ddugavu /dduɡavu/ | ndhirugavu /nd̪iruɡavu/ | kwiragura /kwiraɡura/ | kwiragura /kwiraɡura/ | kwiragura /kwiraɡura/ | kwiragura /kwiraɡura/ | umukara /umukara/ |
| 绿 | kiragala /tʃiraɡala/ | — | kibabi /kibabi/ | — | kinyaasi /tʃiɲaːsi/ | — | icyatsi /iˈtʃaːtsi/ |
| 蓝 | bululu /bululu/ | bbululu /bːululu/ | bururu /bururu/ | — | — | bururu /βururu/ | ubururu /ubururu/ |
| 电脑 | kompyuta /kompjuta/ | — | kompyuta /kompjuta/ | — | kompiyuta /kompijuta/ | kompyuta /kompjuta/ | mudasobwa /mudasobwa/ |
| 茶 | caayi /tʃaːji/ | — | chai /tʃai/ | — | cayi /tʃaji/ | — | icyayi /itʃaːji/ |
| 咖啡 | kaawa /kaːwa/ | — | kaawa /kaːwa/ | — | — | kaawa /kaːwa/ | ikawa /ikawa/ |
| 糖 | ssukaali /sːukaːli/ | — | shukaari /ʃukaːri/ | — | sukari /sukari/ | — | isukari /isukari/ |
| 橙 | omucungwa /omutʃuŋɡwa/ | — | omucungwa /omutʃuŋɡwa/ | — | — | omucunguwa | icunga /itʃuŋɡa/ |
| 99 | kyenda mu mwenda /tʃenda mu mwenda/ | kyenda na mwenda /kjenda na mwenda/ | makumi mwenda na mwenda /makumi mwenda na mwenda/ | kyenda na mwenda /tʃenda na mwenda/ | makumi mwenda na mwenda /makumi mwenda na mwenda/ | — | mirongo cyenda nʼicyenda /miɾoŋɡo tʃenda nitʃenda/ |
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