Bunun
Austronesisch (Bunun)
Das Bunun ist eine formosanische (austronesische) Sprache des Bunun-Volkes, das die höchstgelegenen Dörfer Zentraltaiwans bewohnt, oft über 1.000 m. Mit etwa 60.000 ethnischen Bunun und rund 12.000 täglichen Erstsprachlern gliedert es sich in fünf Hauptdialektgruppen (Isbukun, Takbanuaz, Takivatan, Takbakha sowie das ausgestorbene bzw. moribunde Takituduh); Isbukun ist die moderne Standardvarietät. Weltweit berühmt ist das Bunun für das achtstimmige polyphone Erntelied Pasibutbut, eine der bekanntesten indigenen mehrstimmigen Traditionen Asiens, das 1943 von Kurosawa Takatomo dokumentiert und den ethnomusikologischen Archiven der UNESCO übergeben wurde.
Wo die Sprache gesprochen wird
Bunun: 87 Kernwörter
Quellen
- Ethnologue: bnn
- Li (1988) A Comparative Study of Bunun Dialects
- Kurosawa (1943) Takasago-zoku no ongaku
Wörter im Vergleich
Verglichen mit verwandten Sprachen: Austronesisch (Bunun)
| Bedeutung | Bunun | Altmalaiisch | Uraustronesisch | Mandar | Altcham | Thao | Paiwan |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wasser | danum /danum/ | air /air/ | *daNum /daNum/ | uai /uai/ | ie /ʔiə/ | sazum /saðum/ | zaljum /zaʎum/ |
| Feuer | sapuz /sapuz/ | api /api/ | *Sapuy /Sapuy/ | api /api/ | apuy /ʔapuj/ | apuy /apuj/ | sapuy /sapui/ |
| Sonne | vali /vali/ | matari /matari/ | *waRi /waRi/ | mata allo /mata alːo/ | huriy /hurij/ | fitulha /fituʎa/ | qadaw /qadaw/ |
| Mond | buan /buan/ | bulan /bulan/ | *bulaN /bulaN/ | bulang /bulaŋ/ | bulan /bulan/ | furaz /fuɾað/ | qiljas /qiʎas/ |
| Stern | bintuhan /bintuhan/ | bintang /bintaŋ/ | *bituqen /bituqen/ | bittoeng /bittoeŋ/ | bituk /bituʔ/ | fituʼish /fituʔiʃ/ | vituqan /vituqan/ |
| Nacht | labian /labian/ | malam /malam/ | *beRŋi /beʀŋi/ | bongi /boŋi/ | malam /malam/ | tanlhuan /tanɬuan/ | qezemezemetj /qəzəməzəmətʲ/ |
| Regen | qudan /qudan/ | — | *quzaN /quzaN/ | urang /uˈraŋ/ | — | qusaz /qusað/ | qudjalj /quɟaʎ/ |
| Schnee | paav /paav/ | — | *SuReNa /SuReNa/ | — | — | ulhza /uɬða/ | sulja /suʎa/ |
| Wind | luvluv /luvluv/ | — | *bali /bali/ | angin /aŋin/ | — | fari /faɾi/ | vali /vali/ |
| Erde | dalah /dalah/ | — | *taneq /taneq/ | litaq /litaʔ/ | — | pruq /pruq/ | qipu /qipu/ |
| Stein | batu /batu/ | batu /batu/ | *batu /batu/ | batu /batu/ | batau /batau/ | fatu /fatu/ | qaciljai /qatsiʎai/ |
| Berg | ludun /ludun/ | — | *bukij /bukij/ | buttu /butːu/ | — | huzun /huðun/ | gadu /ɡadu/ |
| Meer | ning-av /ŋiŋʔav/ | — | *tenem /tenem/ | sasiq /sasiʔ/ | — | wazakan /waðakan/ | ljavek /ʎavək/ |
| Mutter | tina /tina/ | ibu /ibu/ | *ina /ina/ | indoq /indoʔ/ | inā /ina/ | ina /ina/ | kina /kina/ |
| Vater | tama /tama/ | bapa /bapa/ | *ama /ama/ | ama /ama/ | amā /ama/ | ama /ama/ | kama /kama/ |
| Tochter | uvaazpingaz /uvaazpiŋaz/ | — | — | — | — | — | aljak a vavayan /aʎak a vavajan/ |
| Ich | saikin /saikin/ | aku /aku/ | *aku /aku/ | iyau /ijau/ | ku /ku/ | yaku /jaku/ | tiaken /tiakən/ |
| Du | suu /suʔu/ | kamu /kamu/ | *iSu /iSu/ | io /iʔo/ | hã /haː/ | ihu /ʔihu/ | sun /sun/ |
| Wir | kata / kaimin /kata / kaimin/ | kita / kami /kita / kami/ | *kita / *kami /kita / kami/ | ikiq / ingkaiq /ikiʔ / iŋkaiʔ/ | — /—/ | ita / yamin /ʔita / jamin/ | titjen / tiamen /titʲən / tiamən/ |
| Name | ngaan /ŋaan/ | ngaran /ŋaran/ | *ŋajan /ŋajan/ | sanga /saŋa/ | angan /aŋan/ | tanan /tanan/ | ngadan /ŋadan/ |
| Mensch | bunun /bunun/ | — | *Cau /tsau/ | tau /tau/ | urāṅ /uraːŋ/ | caw /θaw/ | caucau /tsautsau/ |
| Kopf | bungu /buŋu/ | — | *quluh /quluh/ | ulu /ulu/ | — | punuq /punuq/ | qulu /qulu/ |
| Auge | mata /mata/ | mata /mata/ | *maCa /maCa/ | mata /mata/ | matā /mata/ | maca /maθa/ | maca /matsa/ |
| Ohr | tainga /taiŋa/ | — | *Caliŋa /tsaliŋa/ | talinga /taliŋa/ | — | lharina /ɬarina/ | caliŋa /tsaliŋa/ |
| Nase | ngutus /ŋutus/ | — | *ujuŋ /ujuŋ/ | pudzung /puðuŋ/ | idung /iduŋ/ | muzin /muðin/ | ŋudus /ŋudus/ |
| Mund | ngulus /ŋulus/ | — | — | nganga /ŋaŋa/ | — | ruzic /ɺuðiθ/ | angal /aŋaɭ/ |
| Zahn | nipun /nipun/ | gigi /ɡiɡi/ | *nipen /nipen/ | isi /isi/ | tagai /taɡaj/ | nipin /nipin/ | alis /aɭis/ |
| Zunge | mamaʼ /mamaʔ/ | lidah /lidah/ | *Sema /Sema/ | lila /lila/ | dalah /dalah/ | zama /ðama/ | sema /səma/ |
| Hand | ima /ima/ | tangan /taŋan/ | *lima /lima/ | lima /lima/ | taŋin /taŋin/ | lima /lima/ | lima /lima/ |
| Fuß | bantas /bantas/ | — | *qaqay /qaqay/ | — | takai /takai/ | kuskus /kuskus/ | — |
| Herz | is-ang /isaŋ/ | hati /hati/ | *pusuq /pusuq/ | ate /ate/ | hatai /hatai/ | putul /putul/ | varung /vaɾuŋ/ |
| Knochen | tuhnaz /tuhnað/ | tulang /tulaŋ/ | *CuqelaN /CuqelaN/ | buku /buku/ | talang /talaŋ/ | puʼu /puʔu/ | cuqelalj /tsuqəlaʎ/ |
| Blut | haidang /haidaŋ/ | darah /darah/ | *daRaq /daRaq/ | ceraq /tʃɛraʔ/ | darah /darah/ | talhum /taɬum/ | djamuq /ɟamuq/ |
| Kacke | taki /taki/ | — | *Caqi /tsaqi/ | tai /tai/ | — | caqi /θaqi/ | caqi /tsaqi/ |
| Liebe | madaidaz /madaidaz/ | sayang /sajaŋ/ | — /—/ | mappinawa /mapːinawa/ | klɛn /klɛn/ | madaidaz /madaiðað/ | nasaqaqa /nasaqaqa/ |
| Baum | kahu /kahu/ | kayu /kaju/ | *kaSiw /kaSiw/ | kaju /kaju/ | phuəŋ /pʰuəŋ/ | lhalum /ʎalum/ | kasiw /kasiw/ |
| Hund | asu /asu/ | anjing /andʒiŋ/ | *asu /asu/ | asu /asu/ | asuv /asuw/ | atu /atu/ | vatu /vatu/ |
| Katze | ngingiyaw /ŋiŋijaw/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | mio /mio/ | mɛw /mɛw/ | posi /posi/ | ngiaw /ŋiaw/ |
| Fisch | iskan /iskan/ | ikan /ikan/ | *Sikan /Sikan/ | bau /ˈbau/ | ikan /ikan/ | rusaw /ɾusaw/ | ciqaw /tsiqaw/ |
| Vogel | hazam /hazam/ | burung /buruŋ/ | *manuk /manuk/ | manu-manuq /manu manuʔ/ | cim /tʃim/ | rumfaz /ɾumfað/ | qayaqayam /qajaqajam/ |
| Schmetterling | balikuan /balikuan/ | — | *baŋbaŋ /baŋbaŋ/ | — | — | kurari /kuɾaɾi/ | pepe /pəpə/ |
| Ei | lububunun /lububunun/ | — | *qiCeluR /qicəlur/ | talloq /talːoʔ/ | — | qaricuy /qaɾiθuj/ | qecilu /qətsiɭu/ |
| Bär | tumaz /tumað/ | — | *Cumay /Cumay/ | — | — | cumay /θumai/ | cumay /tsumai/ |
| Pferd | tasasikis /tasasikis/ | — | — | — | — | tishmamraw /tiʃmamɾaw/ | rigi /ɾiɡi/ |
| Haus | lumaq /lumaq/ | rumah /rumah/ | *Rumaq /Rumaq/ | boyang /bojaŋ/ | sɔŋ /sɔŋ/ | kayan /kajan/ | umaq /umaq/ |
| Milch | susu /susu/ | susu /susu/ | — | — | — | — | — |
| Honig | vanu /vanu/ | — | — | — | — | fulhia wa madahun /fuɬia wa madahun/ | alju /aʎu/ |
| Salz | hasila /hasila/ | garam /ɡaram/ | *qasiRa /qasiRa/ | sia /sia/ | — | qtilha /qtiɬa/ | qatia /qatia/ |
| Reis | cilas /tsilas/ | — | *beRas /beRas/ | baras /baras/ | — | — | paday /padai/ |
| Eisen | ngul-a /ŋulʔa/ | — | *Namat /Namat/ | bassi /basːi/ | — | balis /balis/ | vatjuljayan /vatʲuʎajan/ |
| Rad | tauntaun /tauntaun/ | — | — | — | — | — | tjukutjuku /tʲukutʲuku/ |
| Seide | kaiku /kaiku/ | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Buch | patasan /patasan/ | — | — | suraq /suraʔ/ | — | patashan /pataʃan/ | sapitj /sapitʲ/ |
| Essen | maun /maun/ | makan /makan/ | *kaen /kaen/ | maʼande /maʔande/ | bɔh /bɔh/ | kuman /kuman/ | keman /kəman/ |
| Trinken | muqun /muqun/ | minum /minum/ | *inum /inum/ | minung /minuŋ/ | mɛnum /mɛnum/ | naqayan /naqajan/ | temekel /təməkəl/ |
| Schlafen | masabah /masabah/ | tidur /tidur/ | *tuduR /tuduR/ | matindro /matindro/ | — | malhus /maɬus/ | qemreng /qəmɾəŋ/ |
| Eins | tasa /tasa/ | sa /sa/ | *isa /isa/ | mesa /mesa/ | sa /sa/ | tata /tata/ | ita /ita/ |
| Zwei | dusa /dusa/ | dua /dua/ | *duSa /duSa/ | dua /dua/ | dua /dua/ | tusha /tuʃa/ | drusa /ɖusa/ |
| Drei | tau /tau/ | tlu /tlu/ | *telu /telu/ | tallu /talːu/ | klau /klau/ | turu /tuɾu/ | tjelu /tʲəlu/ |
| Vier | paat /paːt/ | mpat /əmpat/ | *Sepat /səpat/ | appe /apːe/ | pāt /paːt/ | shpat /ʃpat/ | sepatj /səpatʲ/ |
| Fünf | hima /hima/ | lima /lima/ | *lima /lima/ | lima /lima/ | lima /lima/ | rima /rima/ | lima /lima/ |
| Hundert | saba /saba/ | ratus /ratus/ | *RaCus /RaCus/ | sangatus /saŋatus/ | — | shaba /ʃaba/ | taidai /taidai/ |
| Hallo | uninang /uninaŋ/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | salamaʼ maʼondong /salamaʔ maʔondoŋ/ | — /—/ | ya /ja/ | masalu /masalu/ |
| Danke | uninang /uninaŋ/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | kuruʼ sumangaʼ /kuruʔ sumaŋaʔ/ | — /—/ | mihu /mihu/ | masalu /masalu/ |
| Gut | masial /masial/ | baik /baik/ | — /—/ | macoa /matʃoa/ | siam /siam/ | kapah /kapah/ | nguanguaq /ŋuaŋuaq/ |
| Neu | bahlu /baɬu/ | — | *baqeRuh /baqeRuh/ | baru /baru/ | — | faqlhu /faqɬu/ | vaquan /vaquan/ |
| Rot | madanghas /madaŋhas/ | merah /merah/ | *ma-iRaq /ma-iRaq/ | mamea /mamea/ | mưriah /mɨriah/ | mashinaw /maʃinaw/ | qudjidjilj /quɟiɟiʎ/ |
| Weiß | maduhlas /maduɬas/ | putih /putih/ | *ma-putiq /maputiq/ | mapute /mapute/ | patih /patih/ | mapuzi /mapuði/ | vuqavuqalj /vuqavuqaʎ/ |
| Schwarz | matahdung /matahduŋ/ | hitam /hitam/ | *qeCeŋeN /qeCeŋeN/ | malotong /malotoŋ/ | hitam /hitam/ | maqusum /maqusum/ | qucengecengel /qutsəŋətsəŋəl/ |
| Grün | masanglav /masaŋlav/ | — | — | mekurarraq /mekurarːaʔ/ | — | madishlum /madiʃlum/ | liljuas /ɭiʎuas/ |
| Blau | masanglav /masaŋlav/ | — | — | magavu /maɡavu/ | — | madishlum /madiʃlum/ | cangiangia /tsaŋiaŋia/ |
| Computer | tinnau /tinnau/ | — | — | komputer /komˈputər/ | — | tiannau /tiannau/ | tinnaw /tinnaw/ |
| Tee | ucia /utsia/ | — | — | — | — | — | ucia /utsia/ |
| Kaffee | kapi /kapi/ | — | — | — | — | — | kuhi /kuhi/ |
| Zucker | kamasia /kamasia/ | — | — | golla /ɡolːa/ | — | — | ljualju /ʎuaʎu/ |
| Orange | izuk /izuk/ | — | — | — | — | — | tjianes /tʲianəs/ |
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