Kebalan
Kavalan
Austronesisch (East Formosan)
Kavalan (Kebalan) ist eine vom Aussterben akut bedrohte ostformosanische austronesische Sprache im Osten Taiwans, mit nur etwa zwei Dutzend fließend sprechenden älteren Menschen, konzentriert in Hualien (Dörfer Sinshe/Paterungan) und in Yilan in Erinnerung gehalten. 2002 nach einer langen Kampagne offiziell als eigenes indigenes Volk Taiwans anerkannt. Typologisch konservativ innerhalb des Austronesischen: Es bewahrt proto-austronesisches *R als /x/ (z. B. zanuR > mit zanum verwandte Kognaten), erhält ein vierfaches Stimmensystem philippinischen Typs und weist eine VOS-Grundwortstellung auf. Zu den Wiederbelebungsbemühungen zählt das „Sprachnest“-Programm des CIP.
Wo die Sprache gesprochen wird
Kavalan: 87 Kernwörter
Quellen
- Li, Paul Jen-kuei & Tsuchida, Shigeru (2006) Kavalan Dictionary. Institute of Linguistics, Academia Sinica, Taipei.
- Li, Paul Jen-kuei & Tsuchida, Shigeru (2006) Kavalan Texts. Academia Sinica.
- Glottolog: Kavalan
- Council of Indigenous Peoples (Taiwan): Kebalan / Kavalan language resources
Wörter im Vergleich
Verglichen mit verwandten Sprachen: Austronesisch (East Formosan)
| Bedeutung | Kavalan | Sakizaya | Uraustronesisch | Pazeh | Maguindanao | Bunun | Altmalaiisch |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wasser | zanum /zaˈnum/ | nanum /nanum/ | *daNum /daNum/ | dalum /dalum/ | ig /ʔiɡ/ | danum /danum/ | air /air/ |
| Feuer | ramaz /raˈmaz/ | lamal /lamal/ | *Sapuy /Sapuy/ | hapuy /hapuj/ | apoy /ʔaˈpoj/ | sapuz /sapuz/ | api /api/ |
| Sonne | siban /siˈban/ | cidal /tʃidal/ | *waRi /waRi/ | rizax /ɾizax/ | senang /seˈnaŋ/ | vali /vali/ | matari /matari/ |
| Mond | buran /buˈran/ | bulad /bulad/ | *bulaN /bulaN/ | ilas /ilas/ | bulan /buˈlan/ | buan /buan/ | bulan /bulan/ |
| Stern | bituqan /bituqan/ | boʼis /boʔis/ | *bituqen /bituqen/ | mintol /mintol/ | bitun /biˈtun/ | bintuhan /bintuhan/ | bintang /bintaŋ/ |
| Nacht | qabi /ʁabiʔ/ | labiʼ /labiʔ/ | *beRŋi /beʀŋi/ | xinian /xinian/ | magabi /maɡabi/ | labian /labian/ | malam /malam/ |
| Regen | uzan /uˈzan/ | ʼudad /ʔuðað/ | *quzaN /quzaN/ | udan /udan/ | ulan /ˈʔulan/ | qudan /qudan/ | — |
| Schnee | suRna /suʁna/ | sulda /sulda/ | *SuReNa /SuReNa/ | hahela /hahela/ | — | paav /paav/ | — |
| Wind | bari /baˈri/ | baliʼ /baliʔ/ | *bali /bali/ | bari /baɾi/ | endu /ʔənˈdu/ | luvluv /luvluv/ | — |
| Erde | melanay /məɾaˈnaj/ | lalaʼ /ɾaɾaʔ/ | *taneq /taneq/ | daxe /daxəʔ/ | lupa /lupaʔ/ | dalah /dalah/ | — |
| Stein | btu /btu/ | baʼtu /baʔtu/ | *batu /batu/ | batu /batu/ | watu /waˈtu/ | batu /batu/ | batu /batu/ |
| Berg | naung /nauŋ/ | buyuʼ /bujuʔ/ | *bukij /bukij/ | — | palaw /paˈlaw/ | ludun /ludun/ | — |
| Meer | lazing /laziŋ/ | bayu /baju/ | *tenem /tenem/ | awas /awas/ | lagat /ˈlaɡat/ | ning-av /ŋiŋʔav/ | — |
| Mutter | tina /ˈtina/ | ina /ina/ | *ina /ina/ | ina /ina/ | ina /ˈʔina/ | tina /tina/ | ibu /ibu/ |
| Vater | tama /ˈtama/ | ama /ama/ | *ama /ama/ | aba /aba/ | ama /ˈʔama/ | tama /tama/ | bapa /bapa/ |
| Ich | aiku /aiku/ | zaku /ʐaku/ | *aku /aku/ | yaku /jaku/ | saki /saki/ | saikin /saikin/ | aku /aku/ |
| Du | aisu /aisu/ | kisu /kisu/ | *iSu /iSu/ | isiu /isiu/ | seka /səka/ | suu /suʔu/ | kamu /kamu/ |
| Wir | aita / aimi /aita / aimi/ | kita / kami /kita / kami/ | *kita / *kami /kita / kami/ | ita / yami /ita / jami/ | sekitanu / sekami /səkitanu / səkami/ | kata / kaimin /kata / kaimin/ | kita / kami /kita / kami/ |
| Name | nangan /naŋan/ | ngangan /ŋaŋan/ | *ŋajan /ŋajan/ | ngadan /ŋadan/ | ngala /ŋala/ | ngaan /ŋaan/ | ngaran /ŋaran/ |
| Mensch | lazat /lazat/ | tademaw /tadəmaw/ | *Cau /tsau/ | saw /saw/ | taw /taw/ | bunun /bunun/ | — |
| Kopf | uru /uʁu/ | tangah /taŋah/ | *quluh /quluh/ | punu /punu/ | ulu /ˈʔulu/ | bungu /buŋu/ | — |
| Auge | mata /maˈta/ | mata /mata/ | *maCa /maCa/ | daurik /dauɾik/ | mata /maˈta/ | mata /mata/ | mata /mata/ |
| Ohr | kayal /kajal/ | tangilaʼ /taŋilaʔ/ | *Caliŋa /tsaliŋa/ | sainga /saiŋa/ | tangila /taˈŋila/ | tainga /taiŋa/ | — |
| Nase | unung /unuŋ/ | cihek /tsihək/ | *ujuŋ /ujuŋ/ | muzing /muziŋ/ | ngilung /ˈŋiluŋ/ | ngutus /ŋutus/ | — |
| Mund | ngibiR /ŋibiʁ/ | laway /lawaj/ | — | ahan /ahan/ | ngali /ˈŋali/ | ngulus /ŋulus/ | — |
| Zahn | bangraw /baŋʁau/ | ngipən /ŋipən/ | *nipen /nipen/ | lepeng /ləpəŋ/ | ngipen /ŋipen/ | nipun /nipun/ | gigi /ɡiɡi/ |
| Zunge | rilam /ʁilam/ | səmaʼ /səmaʔ/ | *Sema /Sema/ | dahama /dahama/ | dila /dila/ | mamaʼ /mamaʔ/ | lidah /lidah/ |
| Hand | rima /riˈma/ | kamay /kamai/ | *lima /lima/ | rima /ɾima/ | lima /liˈma/ | ima /ima/ | tangan /taŋan/ |
| Fuß | zapan /zaˈpan/ | — | *qaqay /qaqay/ | karaw /kaɾaw/ | ai /ʔai/ | bantas /bantas/ | — |
| Herz | anem /aˈnəm/ | gawang /ɡawaŋ/ | *pusuq /pusuq/ | baga /baɡa/ | pusong /puˈsoŋ/ | is-ang /isaŋ/ | hati /hati/ |
| Knochen | tiran /tiʁan/ | ʼukak /ʔukak/ | *CuqelaN /CuqelaN/ | bul /bul/ | tulan /tuˈlan/ | tuhnaz /tuhnað/ | tulang /tulaŋ/ |
| Blut | rinang /ʁinaŋ/ | ʼidang /ʔidaŋ/ | *daRaq /daRaq/ | damu /damu/ | lugu /luɡuʔ/ | haidang /haidaŋ/ | darah /darah/ |
| Kacke | tad /tad/ | taiʼ /taiʔ/ | *Caqi /tsaqi/ | — | tahi /ˈtahi/ | taki /taki/ | — |
| Liebe | — /—/ | maolah /maolah/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | kalini /kaˈlini/ | madaidaz /madaidaz/ | sayang /sajaŋ/ |
| Baum | kasuy /kaˈsuj/ | kilang /kilaŋ/ | *kaSiw /kaSiw/ | kahuy /kahuj/ | kayu /kaˈju/ | kahu /kahu/ | kayu /kaju/ |
| Hund | wasu /waˈsu/ | waco /watʃo/ | *asu /asu/ | wazu /wazu/ | aso /ˈʔaso/ | asu /asu/ | anjing /andʒiŋ/ |
| Katze | ngiyaw /ŋiˈjaw/ | posi /posi/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | kuting /kuˈtiŋ/ | ngingiyaw /ŋiŋijaw/ | — /—/ |
| Fisch | baut /baut/ | buting /butiŋ/ | *Sikan /Sikan/ | alaw /alaw/ | seda /səˈdaʔ/ | iskan /iskan/ | ikan /ikan/ |
| Vogel | alam /aˈɬam/ | ayam /ajam/ | *manuk /manuk/ | ayam /ajam/ | papanuk /papaˈnuk/ | hazam /hazam/ | burung /buruŋ/ |
| Schmetterling | pulaw /pulaw/ | adipapang /adipapaŋ/ | *baŋbaŋ /baŋbaŋ/ | — | paro-paro /paroˈparo/ | balikuan /balikuan/ | — |
| Ei | tirur /tiʁuʁ/ | tiʼkuk /tiʔkuk/ | *qiCeluR /qicəlur/ | batu pataru /batu pataɾu/ | leman /ləˈman/ | lububunun /lububunun/ | — |
| Bär | tumay /tuˈmai/ | tumay /tumai/ | *Cumay /Cumay/ | — | — | tumaz /tumað/ | — |
| Pferd | kebayu /kəbaju/ | kabayu /kabaju/ | — | gamay /ɡamaj/ | kuda /kuda/ | tasasikis /tasasikis/ | — |
| Haus | lepaw /ləˈpaw/ | luma /luma/ | *Rumaq /Rumaq/ | xuma /xuma/ | walay /waˈlaj/ | lumaq /lumaq/ | rumah /rumah/ |
| Honig | wanu /wanu/ | waneng nu wadu /wanəŋ nu wadu/ | — | — | teneb /təˈnəb/ | vanu /vanu/ | — |
| Salz | zemiyan /zəmijan/ | cikah /tsikah/ | *qasiRa /qasiRa/ | pahah /pahah/ | timus /ˈtimus/ | hasila /hasila/ | garam /ɡaram/ |
| Reis | beRas /bəʁas/ | belac /bəlats/ | *beRas /beRas/ | — | begas /bəˈɡas/ | cilas /tsilas/ | — |
| Eisen | balis /baˈlis/ | mukin /mukin/ | *Namat /Namat/ | — | putaw /puˈtaw/ | ngul-a /ŋulʔa/ | — |
| Rad | krizeng /kriˈzəŋ/ | bihel /bihel/ | — | — | tilikan /tiliˈkan/ | tauntaun /tauntaun/ | — |
| Buch | sudad /sudad/ | cudad /tsudad/ | — | babizu /babizu/ | libru /ˈlibɾu/ | patasan /patasan/ | — |
| Essen | quman /quˈman/ | hekal /hekal/ | *kaen /kaen/ | mekan /məkan/ | kakan /kaˈkan/ | maun /maun/ | makan /makan/ |
| Trinken | mimum /miˈmum/ | mihecak /mihetʃak/ | *inum /inum/ | mimaazip /mimaːzip/ | inum /ʔiˈnum/ | muqun /muqun/ | minum /minum/ |
| Schlafen | mainep /maiˈnəp/ | mabiʼ /mabiʔ/ | *tuduR /tuduR/ | masuaw /masuaw/ | tulug /ˈtuluɡ/ | masabah /masabah/ | tidur /tidur/ |
| Eins | issa /ˈissa/ | cacay /tʃatʃai/ | *isa /isa/ | adang /adaŋ/ | isa /ˈʔisa/ | tasa /tasa/ | sa /sa/ |
| Zwei | zusa /zusa/ | tusa /tusa/ | *duSa /duSa/ | dusa /dusa/ | dua /duwa/ | dusa /dusa/ | dua /dua/ |
| Drei | turu /tuɾu/ | tulu /tulu/ | *telu /telu/ | turu /tuɾu/ | telu /təluʔ/ | tau /tau/ | tlu /tlu/ |
| Vier | spat /spat/ | sepat /səpat/ | *Sepat /səpat/ | supat /supat/ | pat /pat/ | paat /paːt/ | mpat /əmpat/ |
| Fünf | rima /riˈma/ | lima /lima/ | *lima /lima/ | xasep /xasəp/ | lima /lima/ | hima /hima/ | lima /lima/ |
| Hundert | Rasibu /ʁasibu/ | lasubu /lasubu/ | *RaCus /RaCus/ | haten /hatən/ | magatus /maɡatus/ | saba /saba/ | ratus /ratus/ |
| Hallo | — /—/ | marayas /maɾajas/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | assalamu alaikum /assaˈlamu ʔaˈlajkum/ | uninang /uninaŋ/ | — /—/ |
| Danke | — /—/ | lalumahan /lalumahan/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | sukran /ˈsukɾan/ | uninang /uninaŋ/ | — /—/ |
| Gut | nngi /nŋi/ | kapah /kapah/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | mapiya /maˈpija/ | masial /masial/ | baik /baik/ |
| Neu | tasu /tasu/ | baluhay /baluhaj/ | *baqeRuh /baqeRuh/ | xias /xias/ | bagu /baˈɡu/ | bahlu /baɬu/ | — |
| Rot | tebari /təbaʀi/ | sumanah /sumanah/ | *ma-iRaq /ma-iRaq/ | lubahing /lubahiŋ/ | maliga /maˈliɡa/ | madanghas /madaŋhas/ | merah /merah/ |
| Weiß | busar /busaʀ/ | sanglac /saŋlatʃ/ | *ma-putiq /maputiq/ | risilaw /ɾisilaw/ | maputi /maputiʔ/ | maduhlas /maduɬas/ | putih /putih/ |
| Schwarz | tengen /təŋən/ | lumeniʼ /luməniʔ/ | *qeCeŋeN /qeCeŋeN/ | terehen /təɾəhən/ | maitem /maˈʔitəm/ | matahdung /matahduŋ/ | hitam /hitam/ |
| Grün | puli /puli/ | langdaway /laŋdawaj/ | — | tululik /tululik/ | gadung /ˈɡaduŋ/ | masanglav /masaŋlav/ | — |
| Blau | puli /puli/ | sumilaway /sumilawaj/ | — | — | biru /ˈbiru/ | masanglav /masaŋlav/ | — |
| Computer | tiannaw /tiannaw/ | tingnaw /tiŋnaw/ | — | — | kompyuter /komˈpjutɛr/ | tinnau /tinnau/ | — |
| Zucker | waneng /waˈnəŋ/ | waneng /wanəŋ/ | — | — | mamis /maˈmis/ | kamasia /kamasia/ | — |
| Orange | mulu /mulu/ | — | — | — | — | izuk /izuk/ | — |
Seite 1/9
Die interaktive Karte öffnen: Word Map · HanMap · Name Map · Word Order · Tree
Teil von LangMap — einem Projekt zur Sprachvisualisierung. Dies ist eine statische, crawlbare Zusammenfassung; die interaktiven Karten bieten Ausspracheaudio, Filter und eine Globusansicht.
Erstellt von Heuron Inc. · GitHub · cho@heuron.com · LangMap Startseite