Mbyá Guaraní
Mbyá-Guaraní
Tupí (Tupií-Guaraníí)
Mbyá-Guaraní (ISO 639-3: gun) ist eine bedrohte Tupí-Guaraní-Sprache, die von Mbyá-Gemeinschaften in Paraguay, im Süden und Südosten Brasiliens, in der argentinischen Provinz Misiones und in Teilen Uruguays gesprochen wird. Die Sprecher unterhalten Netzwerke über die gesamte Atlantische Waldregion hinweg, und die Sprache bleibt für religiöse Praktiken, mündliche Überlieferung und gemeinschaftliche Identität zentral. Mbyá ist vom Paraguayischen Guaraní und von Ñandeva zu unterscheiden, obwohl alle zur guaranischen Untergruppe gehören; veröffentlichte Schätzungen gehen von mehreren Zehntausend Muttersprachlern aus. Das Lautsystem besitzt 6 orale Vokale /a e i o u ɨ/ mit entsprechenden Nasalvokalen und weitreichender Nasalharmonie; regionale Orthografien verwenden die lateinische Schrift mit einigen länderspezifischen Unterschieden.
Wo die Sprache gesprochen wird
Mbyá-Guaraní: 87 Kernwörter
Quellen
- Dooley, Robert A. 2016 (2006), Léxico Guarani, Dialeto Mbyá: Guarani–Português, SIL International / Brasília (archive.org lexico-guarani-guarani-portugues-08-2016); Mbyá Guaraní Bible (bible.com version 1066); en.wiktionary Mbya Guarani lemmas (Dooley-based)
Wörter im Vergleich
Verglichen mit verwandten Sprachen: Tupí (Tupií-Guaraníí)
| Bedeutung | Mbyá-Guaraní | Guaraní | Tupinambá | Nheengatu | Portugiesisch | Macauer Portugiesisch | Kapverdisches Portugiesisch |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wasser | y /ɨ/ | y /ɨ/ | ʼy /ʔɨ/ | ií /iˈʔi/ | água /ˈaɡwɐ/ | água /ˈaɣwɐ/ | água /ˈaɣwɐ/ |
| Feuer | tata /taˈta/ | tata /tata/ | tatá /taˈta/ | tatá /tata/ | fogo /ˈfoɡu/ | fogo /ˈfoɣu/ | fogo /ˈfoɣu/ |
| Sonne | kuaray /kʷaɾaˈɨ/ | kuarahy /kwaɾahɨ/ | kuarasy /kwaɾaˈsɨ/ | kurasi /kuɾasi/ | sol /sɔɫ/ | sol /sɔl/ | sol /sɔɫ/ |
| Mond | jaxy /ʒaˈʃɨ/ | jasy /dʒasɨ/ | iasy /jaˈsɨ/ | yasi /jasi/ | lua /ˈluɐ/ | lua /ˈluɐ/ | lua /ˈluɐ/ |
| Stern | jaxy tata /ʒaʃɨ taˈta/ | mbyja /mbɨˈdʒa/ | jasytata /jasɨtaˈta/ | yasytatá /jasɨtaˈta/ | estrela /ɨʃˈtɾelɐ/ | estrela /ɨʃˈtɾelɐ/ | estrela /ʃˈtɾelɐ/ |
| Nacht | pytũ /pɨtũ/ | pyhare /pɨhaɾe/ | pytuna /pɨtuna/ | pituna /pituna/ | noite /ˈnojtɨ/ | noite /ˈnojtɨ/ | noite /ˈnojte/ |
| Regen | oky /okɨ/ | ama /ˈama/ | amana /amaˈna/ | amana /amana/ | chuva /ˈʃuvɐ/ | chuva /ˈʃuvɐ/ | chuva /ˈʃuvɐ/ |
| Schnee | yroʼy apĩgue /ɨɾoʔɨ apĩŋɡwe/ | yrypyʼa veve /ɨɾɨpɨʔa veve/ | amanarypyʼoka /ãmãnaɾɨpɨˈʔɔka/ | — | neve /nɛvɨ/ | neve /ˈnɛvɨ/ | neve /ˈnɛvɨ/ |
| Wind | yvytu /ɨvɨˈtu/ | yvytu /ɨvɨˈtu/ | ybytu /ɨβɨˈtu/ | iwitú /iwiˈtu/ | vento /ˈvẽtu/ | vento /ˈvẽtu/ | vento /ˈvẽtu/ |
| Erde | yvy /ɨˈvɨ/ | yvy /ɨvɨ/ | yby /ɨˈβɨ/ | iwi /iwi/ | terra /ˈtɛʁɐ/ | terra /ˈtɛʁɐ/ | terra /ˈtɛʁɐ/ |
| Stein | ita /ita/ | ita /iˈtaʔ/ | itá /iˈta/ | itá /iˈta/ | pedra /ˈpɛðɾɐ/ | pedra /ˈpɛðɾɐ/ | pedra /ˈpɛdɾɐ/ |
| Berg | yvyty /ɨvɨˈtɨ/ | yvyty /ɨʋɨˈtɨ/ | — | iwitera /iwiteɾa/ | montanha /mõˈtaɲɐ/ | montanha /mõˈtɐɲɐ/ | montanha /mõˈtɐɲɐ/ |
| Meer | yeʼẽ /ɨeˈʔẽ/ | para /paˈɾa/ | paranã /paɾãˈnã/ | paranawasú /paɾanawaˈsu/ | mar /maɾ/ | mar /maɾ/ | mar /maɾ/ |
| Mutter | xy /ʃɨ/ | sy /sɨ/ | sy /sɨ/ | manha /ˈmaɲa/ | mãe /mɐ̃j/ | mãe /mɐ̃j̃/ | mãe /mɐ̃j̃/ |
| Vater | tuu /tuu/ | túva /tuva/ | tuba /ˈtuβa/ | paiá /paja/ | pai /paj/ | pai /paj/ | pai /paj/ |
| Tochter | tajy /taˈʒɨ/ | tajýra /taˈdʒɨɾa/ | tajyra /taˈjɨɾa/ | tayera /tajeˈɾa/ | filha /ˈfiʎɐ/ | filha /ˈfiʎɐ/ | filha /ˈfiʎɐ/ |
| Ich | xee /ʃeː/ | che /ʃe/ | ixé /iˈʃɛ/ | ixé /iˈʃe/ | eu /ew/ | eu /ew/ | eu /ew/ |
| Du | ndee /ndeː/ | nde /nde/ | endé /ẽˈdɛ/ | indé /ĩˈde/ | tu /tu/ | tu /tu/ | tu /tu/ |
| Wir | nhande / ore /ɲãnde / oɾe/ | ñande / ore /ɲãnde / oɾe/ | îandé / oré /ɲãˈdɛ / oˈɾɛ/ | yandé /jãˈde/ | nós /nɔʃ/ | nós /nɔʃ/ | nós /nɔʃ/ |
| Name | tery /teɾɨ/ | téra /ˈtera/ | tera /ˈteɾa/ | sera /seˈɾa/ | nome /ˈnomɨ/ | nome /ˈnomɨ/ | nome /ˈnomɨ/ |
| Kopf | akã /aˈkã/ | akã /aˈkã/ | akanga /aˈkãŋa/ | akanga /akaŋa/ | cabeça /kɐˈbesɐ/ | cabeça /kɐˈβesɐ/ | cabeça /kɐˈbesɐ/ |
| Auge | esa /esa/ | tesa /tesa/ | t-esá /teˈsa/ | sesa /sesa/ | olho /ˈoʎu/ | olho /ˈoʎu/ | olho /ˈoʎu/ |
| Ohr | nambi /nambi/ | nambi /nãmbi/ | nambi /nãbi/ | nambi /nambi/ | orelha /oˈɾeʎɐ/ | orelha /oˈɾeʎɐ/ | orelha /oˈɾeʎɐ/ |
| Nase | xĩ /ʃĩ/ | tĩ /tĩ/ | tĩ /tĩ/ | tĩ /tĩ/ | nariz /nɐˈɾiʃ/ | nariz /nɐˈɾiʃ/ | nariz /naˈɾiʃ/ |
| Mund | juru /ʒuˈɾu/ | juru /dʒuˈɾu/ | îuru /juˈɾu/ | juru /juɾu/ | boca /ˈbokɐ/ | boca /ˈbokɐ/ | boca /ˈbokɐ/ |
| Zahn | taĩ /taˈĩ/ | tãi /tãj/ | aĩa /ãia/ | sanya /saɲa/ | dente /ˈdẽtɨ/ | dente /ˈdẽtɨ/ | dente /ˈdẽte/ |
| Zunge | kũ /kũ/ | kũ /kũ/ | apekũ /apekũ/ | apekũ /apekũ/ | língua /ˈlĩɡwɐ/ | língua /ˈlĩɡwɐ/ | língua /ˈlĩɡwa/ |
| Hand | po /po/ | po /po/ | pó /po/ | pú /pu/ | mão /mɐ̃w/ | mão /mɐ̃w̃/ | mão /mɐ̃w̃/ |
| Fuß | py /pɨ/ | py /pɨ/ | py /pɨ/ | pí /pi/ | pé /pɛ/ | pé /pɛ/ | pé /pɛ/ |
| Herz | pyʼa /pɨˈʔa/ | pyʼa /pɨʔa/ | nheʼã /ɲẽˈʔã/ | piá /piˈa/ | coração /kuɾɐˈsɐ̃w/ | coração /kuɾɐˈsɐ̃w̃/ | coração /kuɾɐˈsɐ̃w̃/ |
| Knochen | kãgue /kãŋɡwe/ | kangue /kãŋɡwe/ | kanga /kaˈŋa/ | kãwera /kãweɾa/ | osso /ˈosu/ | osso /ˈosu/ | osso /ˈosu/ |
| Blut | tuguy /tuɣɨ/ | tuguy /tuɣɨ/ | tuguy /tuɣɨ/ | tuwi /tuwi/ | sangue /ˈsɐ̃ɡɨ/ | sangue /ˈsɐ̃ɡɨ/ | sangue /ˈsɐ̃ɡe/ |
| Liebe | mborayvu /mboɾaɨvu/ | hayhu /haɨhu/ | aûsub /aˈwsuβ/ | saysu /sajsu/ | amor /ɐˈmoɾ/ | amor /ɐˈmoɾ/ | amor /ɐˈmoɾ/ |
| Baum | yvyra /ɨvɨˈɾa/ | yvyra /ɨvɨɾa/ | ybyʼrá /ɨβɨˈɾa/ | mirá /miˈɾa/ | árvore /ˈaɾvuɾɨ/ | árvore /ˈaɾvuɾɨ/ | árvore /ˈaɾvuɾɨ/ |
| Hund | jagua /ʒaɡuˈa/ | jagua /dʒaɡwa/ | îagûara /jaˈɣwaɾa/ | yawara /jawaɾa/ | cão /kɐ̃w/ | cão /kɐ̃w̃/ | cão /kɐ̃w̃/ |
| Katze | xiviʼi /ʃiviˈʔi/ | mbarakaja /mbaɾakadʒa/ | marakaîá /maɾakaˈja/ | pixana /piʃana/ | gato /ɡatu/ | gato /ˈɡatu/ | gato /ɡatu/ |
| Fisch | pira /piɾa/ | pira /piɾa/ | pirá /piˈɾa/ | pirá /piˈɾa/ | peixe /ˈpajʃɨ/ | peixe /ˈpajʃɨ/ | peixe /ˈpejʃe/ |
| Vogel | guyra /ɡɨˈɾa/ | guyra /ɡʷɨɾa/ | gûyrá /ɡʷɨˈɾa/ | wirá /wiˈɾa/ | pássaro /ˈpasɐɾu/ | pássaro /ˈpasɐɾu/ | pássaro /ˈpasɐɾu/ |
| Schmetterling | popo /popo/ | panambi /panaˈmbi/ | panam /paˈnam/ | panapana /panapana/ | borboleta /buɾbuˈletɐ/ | borboleta /buɾbuˈletɐ/ | borboleta /buɾbuˈletɐ/ |
| Ei | rupiʼa /ɾupiʔa/ | rupiʼa /ɾupiʔa/ | s-upiʼa /supiˈʔa/ | supiá /supiˈa/ | ovo /ˈovu/ | ovo /ˈovu/ | ovo /ˈovu/ |
| Bär | kaguare-jagua /kaɡuaɾeʒaɡuˈa/ | óso /ˈoso/ | — | ursu /uɾsu/ | urso /ˈuɾsu/ | urso /ˈuɾsu/ | urso /ˈuɾsu/ |
| Pferd | kavaju /kavaˈʒu/ | kavaju /kaʋaˈdʒu/ | kabaru /kaβaˈɾu/ | kawarú /kawaˈɾu/ | cavalo /kɐˈvalu/ | cavalo /kɐˈvalu/ | cavalo /kɐˈvalu/ |
| Haus | o /o/ | óga /oɡa/ | oka /ˈoka/ | uka /uka/ | casa /ˈkazɐ/ | casa /ˈkazɐ/ | casa /ˈkazɐ/ |
| Milch | kamby /kambɨ/ | kamby /kambɨ/ | kamby /kambɨ/ | kambí /kamˈbi/ | leite /ˈlejtɨ/ | leite /ˈlejtɨ/ | leite /ˈlejte/ |
| Honig | ei /ei/ | eirete /eiɾeˈte/ | eíra /eˈiɾa/ | íra /ˈiɾa/ | mel /mɛl/ | mel /mɛl/ | mel /mɛl/ |
| Salz | juky /ʒuˈkɨ/ | juky /dʒuˈkɨ/ | îukyra /juˈkɨɾa/ | yukira /jukiɾa/ | sal /saɫ/ | sal /sal/ | sal /saɫ/ |
| Wein | vinho /ˈviɲu/ | víno /ˈʋino/ | kaûĩ /kãˈwĩ/ | vinyu /viɲu/ | vinho /ˈviɲu/ | vinho /ˈviɲu/ | vinho /ˈviɲu/ |
| Reis | aroi /aɾoˈi/ | arro /aˈro/ | — | — | arroz /ɐˈʁoʃ/ | arroz /ɐˈʁoʃ/ | arroz /ɐˈʁoʃ/ |
| Eisen | ferro /ˈfɛʁu/ | itakandua /itakanˈdua/ | itá /iˈta/ | feru /ˈfeɾu/ | ferro /ˈfɛʁu/ | ferro /ˈfɛʁu/ | ferro /ˈfɛʁu/ |
| Rad | ruéda /ɾuˈeda/ | rruéda /ruˈeda/ | ybyrapararanga /ɨβɨɾapaɾaˈɾãŋa/ | — | roda /ˈʁɔdɐ/ | roda /ˈʁɔdɐ/ | roda /ˈʁɔdɐ/ |
| Seide | seda /ˈseda/ | séda /ˈseda/ | — | — | seda /ˈsedɐ/ | seda /ˈsedɐ/ | seda /ˈsedɐ/ |
| Buch | kuaxia para /kuaˈʃia paɾa/ | aranduka /aɾanduˈka/ | kûatiara /kʷatiˈaɾa/ | papera /paˈpeɾa/ | livro /ˈlivɾu/ | livro /ˈlivɾu/ | livro /ˈlivɾu/ |
| Essen | karu /kaɾu/ | karu /kaˈɾu/ | ʼu /ʔu/ | mbaú /mbaˈu/ | comer /kuˈmeɾ/ | comer /kuˈmeɾ/ | comer /kuˈmeɾ/ |
| Trinken | yʼu /ɨʔu/ | yʼu /ɨʔu/ | ʼu /ʔu/ | u /u/ | beber /bɨˈbeɾ/ | beber /bɨˈβeɾ/ | beber /bɨˈβeɾ/ |
| Schlafen | ke /ke/ | ke /ke/ | ker /keɾ/ | kéri /keɾi/ | dormir /duɾˈmiɾ/ | dormir /duɾˈmiɾ/ | dormir /duɾˈmiɾ/ |
| Eins | peteĩ /peteˈĩ/ | peteĩ /peteĩ/ | oîepé /ojeˈpe/ | yepé /jepe/ | um /ũ/ | um /ũ/ | um /ũ/ |
| Zwei | mokoĩ /mokõˈĩ/ | mokõi /mokõĩ/ | mokõi /moˈkõj/ | mukũi /muˈkũĩ/ | dois /dojʃ/ | dois /dojʃ/ | dois /dojʃ/ |
| Drei | mboapy /mboaˈpɨ/ | mbohapy /mbohaˈpɨ/ | mosapyr /mosaˈpɨɾ/ | musapiri /musapiɾi/ | três /tɾeʃ/ | três /tɾeʃ/ | três /tɾeʃ/ |
| Vier | irundy /iɾunˈdɨ/ | irundy /iɾuˈdɨ/ | oîoirundyk /ɔjɔiɾũˈⁿdɨk/ | irundi /iɾunˈdʒi/ | quatro /ˈkwatɾu/ | quatro /ˈkwatɾu/ | quatro /ˈkwatɾu/ |
| Fünf | po /po/ | po /po/ | ambó /ãˈᵐbo/ | pú /pu/ | cinco /ˈsĩku/ | cinco /ˈsĩku/ | cinco /ˈsĩku/ |
| Hundert | cem /sẽj̃/ | sa /sa/ | — | papasawa /papaˈsawa/ | cem /sẽj̃/ | cem /sẽj̃/ | cem /sẽj̃/ |
| Hallo | aguyjeve te /aɡʷɨʒeˈvete/ | mbaʼéichapa /mbaʔeitʃapa/ | ereîubé /eɾejuˈβe/ | poranga /poɾaŋɡa/ | olá /ɔˈla/ | olá /ɔˈla/ | olá /ɔˈla/ |
| Danke | haʼevete /haʔevete/ | aguyje /aɡuɨdʒe/ | — /—/ | kuekatú /kwekaˈtu/ | obrigado /obɾiˈɡadu/ | obrigado /ɔβɾiˈɣadu/ | obrigado /ɔβɾiˈɣaðu/ |
| Gut | porã /poˈɾã/ | porã /poɾã/ | katu /kaˈtu/ | katu /katu/ | bom /bõ/ | bom /bõ/ | bom /bõ/ |
| Neu | pyau /pɨˈau/ | pyahu /pɨaˈhu/ | pysasu /pɨsaˈsu/ | pisasú /pisaˈsu/ | novo /ˈnovu/ | novo /ˈnovu/ | novo /ˈnovu/ |
| Rot | pytã /pɨtã/ | pytã /pɨtã/ | pirang /piɾaŋ/ | piranga /piˈɾaŋa/ | vermelho /vɨɾˈmɐʎu/ | vermelho /vɨɾˈmɐʎu/ | vermelho /veɾˈmeʎu/ |
| Weiß | xiĩ /ʃiˈĩ/ | morotĩ /moɾoˈtĩ/ | ting /tiŋ/ | murutinga /muɾutiŋa/ | branco /ˈbɾɐ̃ku/ | branco /ˈbɾɐ̃ku/ | branco /ˈbɾɐ̃ku/ |
| Schwarz | hũ /hũ/ | hũ /hũ/ | pixun /piʃun/ | pixuna /piʃuna/ | preto /ˈpɾetu/ | preto /ˈpɾetu/ | preto /ˈpɾetu/ |
| Grün | ovy /ovɨ/ | hovyũ /hoʋɨˈʔũ/ | oby /oˈβɨ/ | suikiri /suikiɾi/ | verde /ˈveɾðɨ/ | verde /ˈveɾdɨ/ | verde /ˈveɾdɨ/ |
| Blau | ovy /ovɨ/ | hovy /hoʋɨ/ | oby /oˈβɨ/ | suikiri /suikiɾi/ | azul /ɐˈzuɫ/ | azul /ɐˈzul/ | azul /ɐˈzuɫ/ |
| Orange | narã /naˈɾã/ | narã /naˈɾã/ | — | — | laranja /lɐˈɾɐ̃ʒɐ/ | laranja /lɐˈɾɐ̃ʒɐ/ | laranja /lɐˈɾɐ̃ʒɐ/ |
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