West-Vlams
Fiammingo occidentale
indoeuropeo (Germanica, occidentale Germanica, Low Franconian, Dutch)
Il fiammingo occidentale è la varietà basso-francone parlata nella provincia belga delle Fiandre Occidentali, nella Fiandra francese attorno a Dunkerque, Cassel e Hazebrouck, e nella parte occidentale delle Fiandre zelandesi. Il suo tratto più noto è la perdita completa delle fricative velari /x, ɣ/, che confluiscono nella /h/ glottidale, cosicché goed 'buono' suona [hut] e i parlanti non hanno alcun suono corrispondente alla g olandese — con frequenti ipercorrettismi nella direzione opposta. Conserva inoltre le vocali predittongali del medio olandese (l'olandese huis, ijs, vuur compaiono come uus, ys, vier), forma i plurali in -s più liberamente dell'olandese e presenta il raddoppiamento del pronome soggetto ('k èn ik 'io ho') oltre a un sì e un no flessi per persona (joak, nink). Esiste una tradizione scritta attiva — la Wikipedia in fiammingo occidentale mantiene addirittura una propria ortografia interna, lo Standoardvlams — ma nella scuola e nell'amministrazione si usa soltanto l'olandese, e l'UNESCO classifica il fiammingo occidentale come vulnerabile.
Dove si parla
87 parole essenziali in fiammingo occidentale
woef
Fonti
- en.wiktionary West Flemish lemmas (Category:West Flemish lemmas, 281 pages); vls.wikipedia "Verschillen Vlams, Ollands en West-Vlams" and "West-Vlams/Detail" town tables; Debrabandere, Frans 1999, Woordenboek van het West-Vlaams (standard dictionary; not online, not consulted)
Parole a confronto
Confronto con lingue della stessa classificazione: indoeuropeo (Germanica, occidentale Germanica, Low Franconian, Dutch)
| Significato | Fiammingo occidentale | Olandese belga | Olandese | Basso tedesco | Limburghese | Afrikaans | Medio alto tedesco |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acqua | woater /ˈwɔːtər/ | water /waːtər/ | water /ʋaːtər/ | Water /vɑːtɐ/ | water /vatər/ | water /vɑːtər/ | wazzer /ˈwatser/ |
| Fuoco | vier /viːr/ | vuur /vyːr/ | vuur /vyːr/ | Füer /fyːɐ/ | vuur /vyːr/ | vuur /fyːr/ | viur /viur/ |
| Sole | zunne /ˈzœnə/ | zon /zɔn/ | zon /zɔn/ | Sünn /zʏn/ | zón /zɔn/ | son /sɔn/ | sunne /ˈzunːə/ |
| Luna | moane /ˈmɔːnə/ | maan /maːn/ | maan /maːn/ | Maan /maːn/ | maon /maːʊn/ | maan /mɑːn/ | mâne /ˈmaːnə/ |
| Stella | sterre /ˈstærə/ | ster /stɛr/ | ster /stɛr/ | Steern /steːrn/ | sjter /ʃtɛr/ | ster /stɛr/ | sterne /ˈstɛrnə/ |
| Notte | nacht /nɑxt/ | nacht /nɑxt/ | nacht /nɑxt/ | Nacht /naxt/ | nach /nax/ | nag /nax/ | naht /naxt/ |
| Pioggia | regen /ˈreːhən/ | regen /ˈreːɣən/ | regen /ˈreːɣən/ | Regen /ˈreːɡn̩/ | Rään /rɛːn/ | reën /ˈrɪən/ | regen /ˈreɡən/ |
| Neve | snêeuw /sneːw/ | sneeuw /sneːw/ | sneeuw /sneːw/ | Snee /sneː/ | sjnee /ʃneː/ | sneeu /snɪu/ | snē /sneː/ |
| Vento | wind /wɪnt/ | wind /wɪnt/ | wind /ʋɪnt/ | Wind /vɪnt/ | wind /vɪnt/ | wind /vəint/ | wint /wɪnt/ |
| Terra | eirde /ˈeːrdə/ | aarde /ˈaːrdə/ | aarde /ˈaːrdə/ | Eer /eːɐ/ | eerd /eːrt/ | aarde /ˈɑːrdə/ | erde /ˈɛrdə/ |
| Pietra | steen /steːn/ | steen /steːn/ | steen /steːn/ | Steen /steːn/ | steen /steːn/ | klip /klip/ | stein /stɛin/ |
| Montagna | berg /bɛrx/ | berg /bɛrx/ | berg /bɛrx/ | Barg /barx/ | berg /ˈbɛrəç/ | berg /bɛrx/ | berc /bɛrk/ |
| Mare | zêe /zeː/ | zee /zeː/ | zee /zeː/ | See /zeː/ | zieë /ziə/ | see /sɪə/ | mer /mɛr/ |
| Madre | moeder /ˈmudər/ | moeder /mudər/ | moeder /mudər/ | Moder /moːdɐ/ | mam /mam/ | moeder /ˈmudər/ | muoter /ˈmuoːtər/ |
| Padre | voader /ˈvɔːdər/ | vader /vaːdər/ | vader /vaːdər/ | Vader /fɑːdɐ/ | pap /pap/ | vader /ˈfɑːdər/ | vater /ˈfatər/ |
| Figlia | dochter /ˈdɔxtər/ | dochter /ˈdɔxtər/ | dochter /ˈdɔxtər/ | Dochter /dɔxtɐ/ | dochter /dɔxtər/ | dogter /ˈdɔxtər/ | tohter /ˈtoxtər/ |
| Io | ik /ɛk/ | ik /ɪk/ | ik /ɪk/ | ik /ɪk/ | ich /ɪç/ | ek /ɛk/ | ich /ix/ |
| Tu | gie /hi/ | gij /ɣɛi/ | jij /jɛi/ | du /duː/ | doe /du/ | jy /jəi/ | dû /duː/ |
| Noi | wieder /ˈwidər/ | wij /wɛi/ | wij /ʋɛi/ | wi /viː/ | veer /veːr/ | ons /ɔns/ | wir /wir/ |
| Nome | noame /ˈnɔːmə/ | naam /naːm/ | naam /naːm/ | Naam /naːm/ | naam /naːm/ | naam /nɑːm/ | name /ˈnamə/ |
| Testa | kop /kɔp/ | hoofd /ɦoːft/ | hoofd /ɦoːft/ | Kopp /kɔp/ | kop /kɔp/ | kop /kɔp/ | houbet /ˈhoubət/ |
| Occhio | ooge /ˈoːhə/ | oog /oːx/ | oog /oːx/ | Oog /oːx/ | oug /ɔux/ | oog /oːx/ | ouge /ˈouɡə/ |
| Orecchio | oor /oːr/ | oor /oːr/ | oor /oːr/ | Ohr /oːr/ | oear /uər/ | oor /uər/ | ōre /ˈoːrə/ |
| Naso | neuze /ˈnøːzə/ | neus /nøːs/ | neus /nøːs/ | Nees /neːs/ | naas /naːs/ | neus /nɪəs/ | nase /nazə/ |
| Bocca | mound /mont/ | mond /mɔnt/ | mond /mɔnt/ | Muul /muːl/ | móndj /mʊɲɟ/ | mond /mɔnt/ | munt /munt/ |
| Dente | tand /tɑnt/ | tand /tɑnt/ | tand /tɑnt/ | Tähn /tɛːn/ | tandj /tantʃ/ | tand /tant/ | zan /tsan/ |
| Lingua | toenge /ˈtuŋə/ | tong /tɔŋ/ | tong /tɔŋ/ | Tung /tʊŋ/ | tóng /tɔŋ/ | tong /tɔŋ/ | zunge /ˈtsuŋɡə/ |
| Mano | and /ɑnt/ | hand /ɦɑnt/ | hand /ɦɑnt/ | Hand /hant/ | handj /hanʲ/ | hand /ɦant/ | hant /hant/ |
| Piede | voet /vut/ | voet /vut/ | voet /vut/ | Foot /fɔʊ̯t/ | voot /voːt/ | voet /fut/ | vuoz /ˈvuo̯s/ |
| Cuore | erte /ˈærtə/ | hart /ɦɑrt/ | hart /ɦɑrt/ | Hart /haɐt/ | hart /hart/ | hart /ɦart/ | herze /ˈhertsə/ |
| Osso | been /bɛːn/ | bot /bɔt/ | bot /bɔt/ | Knaken /ˈknaːkən/ | knaok /knɔːk/ | been /bɪən/ | bein /bein/ |
| Sangue | bloed /blut/ | bloed /blut/ | bloed /blut/ | Bloot /bloːt/ | blood /bloːt/ | bloed /blut/ | bluot /bluot/ |
| Amore | liefde /ˈliːvdə/ | liefde /lifdə/ | liefde /lifdə/ | Leev /leːf/ | leefde /leːfdə/ | liefde /ˈlifdə/ | minne /ˈminːə/ |
| Albero | boom /boːm/ | boom /boːm/ | boom /boːm/ | Boom /boːm/ | boum /bʌʊm/ | boom /boːm/ | boum /boum/ |
| Cane | hound /hont/ | hond /ɦɔnt/ | hond /ɦɔnt/ | Hund /hʊnt/ | hóndj /hɔnʲ/ | hond /ɦɔnt/ | hunt /hunt/ |
| Gatto | katte /ˈkɑtə/ | kat /kɑt/ | kat /kɑt/ | Katt /kat/ | kat /kat/ | kat /kat/ | katze /ˈkatsə/ |
| Pesce | vis /vɪs/ | vis /vɪs/ | vis /vɪs/ | Fisch /fɪʃ/ | vis /vɪs/ | vis /fəs/ | visch /viʃ/ |
| Uccello | veugel /vøːhəl/ | vogel /ˈvoːɣəl/ | vogel /ˈvoːɣəl/ | Vagel /ˈfaːɣəl/ | veugel /ˈvøːɣəl/ | voël /fuəl/ | vogel /ˈfoɡəl/ |
| Uovo | ei /ɛi/ | ei /ɛi/ | ei /ɛi/ | Ei /ai/ | ei /ɛi/ | eier /ˈɛiər/ | ei /ɛi/ |
| Orso | beir /beːr/ | beer /beːr/ | beer /beːr/ | Boor /boːr/ | beer /beːr/ | beer /bɪər/ | ber /bɛr/ |
| Cavallo | peird /peːrt/ | paard /paːrt/ | paard /paːrt/ | Peerd /peːrt/ | Péërt /peə̯rt/ | perd /pɛrt/ | ros /rɔs/ |
| Casa | uus /ʏːs/ | huis /ɦœys/ | huis /ɦœʏs/ | Huus /huːs/ | hoes /huːs/ | huis /ɦœɪs/ | hûs /huːs/ |
| Latte | melk /mɛlk/ | melk /mɛlk/ | melk /mɛlk/ | Melk /mɛlk/ | melk /mɛlk/ | melk /mɛlk/ | milch /milç/ |
| Miele | zêem /zeːm/ | honing /ˈɦoːnɪŋ/ | honing /ˈɦoːnɪŋ/ | Honnig /ˈhɔnɪç/ | honing /ˈhoːnɪŋ/ | heuning /ˈɦɪønɪŋ/ | honec /ˈhonɛk/ |
| Sale | zout /zɔut/ | zout /zɔut/ | zout /zʌut/ | Solt /zɔlt/ | zout /zɔut/ | sout /səut/ | salz /salts/ |
| Vino | wyn /win/ | wijn /wɛin/ | wijn /ʋɛin/ | Wien /viːn/ | wien /ʋiːn/ | wyn /vəin/ | wīn /viːn/ |
| Ferro | yzer /ˈiːzər/ | ijzer /ˈɛizər/ | ijzer /ˈɛizər/ | Iesen /ˈiːzn̩/ | iezer /ˈiːzər/ | yster /ˈəistər/ | īsen /ˈiːzən/ |
| Ruota | wiel /wiːl/ | wiel /wiːl/ | wiel /ʋiːl/ | Rad /raːt/ | wiel /ʋiːl/ | wiel /vil/ | rat /rat/ |
| Mangiare | eetn /ˈeːtn̩/ | eten /eːtən/ | eten /eːtə/ | eten /eːtn̩/ | ete /eːtə/ | eet /ɪət/ | ezzen /ˈetsən/ |
| Bere | drienkn /ˈdriŋkn̩/ | drinken /drɪŋkən/ | drinken /drɪŋkə/ | drinken /drɪŋkn̩/ | drinke /drɪŋkə/ | drink /drɪŋk/ | trinken /ˈtrinkən/ |
| Dormire | sloapn /sloːpn̩/ | slapen /ˈslaːpən/ | slapen /ˈslaːpə/ | slapen /ˈslaːpn̩/ | slaope /ˈslɔːpə/ | slaap /slɑːp/ | slāfen /ˈslɑːfən/ |
| Uno | êen /eːn/ | een /eːn/ | een /eːn/ | een /eːn/ | eine /ɛɪnə/ | een /ɪən/ | ein /ein/ |
| Due | twêe /tweː/ | twee /tweː/ | twee /tʋeː/ | twee /tveː/ | twee /tweː/ | twee /tʋɪə/ | zwei /tsweɪ/ |
| Tre | drie /driː/ | drie /driː/ | drie /driː/ | dree /dreː/ | drie /driː/ | drie /driː/ | drî /driː/ |
| Cinque | vuuf /vyːf/ | vijf /vɛif/ | vijf /vɛif/ | fief /fiːf/ | vief /viːf/ | vyf /fəif/ | vünf /fynf/ |
| Ciao | goeiendag /ˌhujənˈdɑh/ | hallo /ɦɑloː/ | hallo /ɦɑloː/ | Moin /mɔɪn/ | hallo /halo/ | hallo /ɦaˈlo/ | gegrüezet /ɡəˈɡryːətsət/ |
| Grazie | merci /mɛrˈsi/ | dank je /dɑŋk jə/ | dank je /dɑŋk jə/ | Dankschöön /daŋkʃøːn/ | merci /mɛrsi/ | dankie /ˈdaŋki/ | danc /daŋk/ |
| Buono | goed /hut/ | goed /ɣut/ | goed /ɣut/ | goot /ɡoːt/ | good /ɡoːt/ | goed /xut/ | guot /ɡuoːt/ |
| Nuovo | nieuw /niːw/ | nieuw /niːw/ | nieuw /niːw/ | nee /neː/ | nuuj /nyːj/ | nuut /nyːt/ | niuwe /ˈniuwə/ |
| Rosso | rood /roːt/ | rood /roːt/ | rood /roːt/ | root /roːt/ | road /roːt/ | rooi /roːi/ | rôt /roːt/ |
| Bianco | wit /wit/ | wit /wɪt/ | wit /ʋɪt/ | witt /vɪt/ | wit /ʋɪt/ | wit /vət/ | wīz /viːts/ |
| Nero | zwort /zwɔrt/ | zwart /zwɑrt/ | zwart /zʋɑrt/ | swart /svart/ | zwart /zʋart/ | swart /svart/ | swarz /svarts/ |
| Verde | groene /ˈhrunə/ | groen /ɣrun/ | groen /ɣrun/ | gröön /ɡrøːn/ | greun /ɡrøːn/ | groen /xrun/ | grüene /ɡryənə/ |
| Cuculo | koekoek /ˈkukuk/ | koekoek /ˈkukuk/ | koekoek /ˈkukuk/ | Kukuk /ˈkuːkuk/ | kókkók /ˈkoːkoːk/ | koekoek /ˈkukuk/ | gouch /ˈɡou̯x/ |
| Bau bau | woef | waf waf /wɑf wɑf/ | waf waf /ʋɑf ʋɑf/ | — | — | woef woef /vuf vuf/ | — |
| Computer | computer /kɔmˈpjutər/ | computer /kɔmˈpjutər/ | computer /kɔmˈpjutər/ | Computer /kɔmˈpjuːtɐ/ | computer /kɔmˈpjuːtər/ | rekenaar /ˈreːkənɑːr/ | — |
| Tè | thee /teː/ | thee /teː/ | thee /teː/ | Tee /teː/ | tei /tɛi/ | tee /tɪə/ | — |
| Caffè | kaffie /ˈkɑfi/ | koffie /ˈkɔfi/ | koffie /ˈkɔfi/ | Koffie /ˈkɔfi/ | koffie /ˈkɔfi/ | koffie /ˈkɔfi/ | — |
| Zucchero | suyker /ˈsykər/ | suiker /ˈsœykər/ | suiker /ˈsœʏkər/ | Sucker /ˈzʊkɐ/ | sókker /ˈsɔkər/ | suiker /ˈsœɪkər/ | zucker /ˈtsukːər/ |
| Arancia | sinaasappel /ˈsinɑsɑpəl/ | sinaasappel /ˈsinɑsɑpəl/ | sinaasappel /ˈsinɑsɑpəl/ | Apelsien /apəlˈziːn/ | sinaasappel /ˈsinaːsapəl/ | lemoen /ləˈmun/ | — |
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