Tshivenḓa
文达语
尼日尔-刚果语系（大西洋-刚果、班图语支、南部 班图语支）
文达语(自称Tshivenḓa)是尼日尔-刚果语系南部班图语支的一种语言,主要通行于南非东北部的林波波省以及邻国津巴布韦的部分地区。使用者约有130万,是南非十二种官方语言之一。它使用带附加符号的拉丁字母书写,以在音系上与其北面的卡兰加语和绍纳语相关联而著称。
使用地区
文达语的87个核心词
tshokoleti
swiri
来源
- en.wiktionary Venda lemmas; Venda Bible "Bivhili Khethwa Mafhungo Madifha" 1998 (bible.com version 280)
单词比较
与同属尼日尔-刚果语系（大西洋-刚果、班图语支、南部 班图语支）的语言比较
| 含义 | 文达语 | 聪加语 | 马尼卡语 | 洛齐语 | 茨瓦纳语 | 北索托语 | 绍纳语 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 水 | maḓi /mad̪i/ | mati /mati/ | mvura /mvuɾa/ | mezi /mezi/ | metsi /metsi/ | meetse /meːtse/ | mvura /mvura/ |
| 火 | mulilo /mulilo/ | ndzilo /ndzilo/ | moto /moto/ | mulilo /mulilo/ | molelo /moleːlo/ | mollo /molːo/ | moto /moto/ |
| 太阳 | ḓuvha /d̪uvʱa/ | dyambu /dʒambu/ | zuva /zuva/ | lizazi /lizazi/ | letsatsi /letsatsi/ | letšatši /letʃatʃi/ | zuva /zuva/ |
| 月亮 | ṅwedzi /ŋwedzi/ | nʼweti /ŋweti/ | mwedzi /mwedzi/ | kweli /kweli/ | ngwedi /ŋwedi/ | ngwedi /ŋwedi/ | mwedzi /mwedzi/ |
| 星 | ṋaledzi /n̪aledzi/ | nyeleti /ɲeleti/ | nyeredzi /ɲeredzi/ | naleli /naleli/ | naledi /naledi/ | naledi /naledi/ | nyeredzi /ɲeredzi/ |
| 晚上 | vhusiku /vʱusiku/ | vusiku /vusiku/ | usiku /usiku/ | busihu /busihu/ | bosigo /bosiχo/ | bošego /boʃeχo/ | usiku /usiku/ |
| 雨 | mvula /ˈmvula/ | mpfula /ˈmpfula/ | mvura /mvura/ | pula /ˈpula/ | pula /ˈpula/ | pula /ˈpula/ | mvura /mvura/ |
| 雪 | mahaḓa /mahad̪a/ | gamboko /ɡamboko/ | — | litwa /ˈlitwa/ | semathana /semaˈtʰana/ | lehlwa /leˈɬwa/ | sinoo /sinoː/ |
| 风 | muya /muja/ | moya /moja/ | mhepo /mʰepo/ | moya /moja/ | phefo /pʰefɔ/ | phefo /pʰɛfɔ/ | mhepo /ˈmʱepo/ |
| 土 | mavu /mavu/ | misava /misava/ | ivhu /iβu/ | mubu /mubu/ | mmu /m̩mu/ | mobu /moβu/ | ivhu /iβu/ |
| 石头 | tombo /tombo/ | ribye /riˈbje/ | ibwe /iɓwe/ | licwe /liˈtʃwe/ | leje /lɛˈdʒe/ | leswika /leˈswika/ | ibwe /iˈɓwe/ |
| 山 | thavha /tʰavʱa/ | ntshava /ntsʰava/ | gomo /ɡomo/ | lilundu /lilundu/ | thaba /tʰaba/ | thaba /ˈtʰaba/ | gomo /ˈɡomo/ |
| 海 | lwanzhe /lwanʒe/ | lwandle /lwandɮe/ | gungwa /ɡuŋɡwa/ | liwate /liwate/ | lewatle /lewatɬe/ | lewatle /lewatɬe/ | gungwa /ɡuŋɡwa/ |
| 母亲 | mme /mːe/ | manana /manana/ | amai /amai/ | ma /ma/ | mmê /mːɛ/ | mma /mːa/ | amai /amai/ |
| 父亲 | khotsi /kʰotsi/ | tatana /tatana/ | baba /baba/ | ndate /ndate/ | rrê /rːɛ/ | tate /tate/ | baba /baba/ |
| 女儿 | ṅwananyana /ŋʷanaɲana/ | nʼwana wa xisati /ŋʷana wa ʃisati/ | mukunda /mukunda/ | mwana wa musizana /mwana wa musizana/ | morwadi /morwadi/ | morwedi /morwedi/ | mwanasikana /mwanasikana/ |
| 我 | nṋe /n̪ːe/ | mina /mina/ | ini /ini/ | na /na/ | nna /nːa/ | nna /nna/ | ini /ini/ |
| 你 | iwe /iwe/ | wena /wena/ | iwe /iwe/ | wena /wena/ | wena /wena/ | wena /wena/ | iwe /iwe/ |
| 我们 | riṋe /rin̪e/ | hina /hina/ | isu /isu/ | luna /luna/ | rona /rona/ | rena /rena/ | isu /isu/ |
| 名字 | dzina /dzina/ | vito /vito/ | zita /zita/ | libizo /libizo/ | leina /leina/ | leina /leina/ | zita /zita/ |
| 人 | muthu /mutʰu/ | munhu /munʱu/ | munhu /munʱu/ | mutu /mutu/ | motho /motʰo/ | motho /mʊtʰʊ/ | munhu /muˈnʱu/ |
| 头 | ṱhoho /t̪ʰoho/ | nhloko /nɬoko/ | musoro /musoro/ | toho /toho/ | tlhogo /tɬʰoχo/ | hlogo /ɬoχo/ | musoro /musoro/ |
| 眼睛 | iṱo /it̪o/ | tihlo /tiɬo/ | ziso /ziso/ | liito /liːto/ | leitlho /leitɬʰo/ | leihlo /leiɬo/ | ziso /ziso/ |
| 耳朵 | nḓevhe /n̪d̪evʱe/ | ndleve /ndɮeve/ | nzeve /nzeve/ | zebe /zebe/ | tsebe /tsebe/ | tsebe /tsebe/ | nzeve /nzeβe/ |
| 鼻子 | ningo /niŋo/ | nhompfu /nʱompfu/ | mhino /mʱino/ | ngo /ŋo/ | nko /ŋ̩ˈko/ | nko /ŋˈko/ | mhino /mʱino/ |
| 嘴 | mulomo /mulomo/ | nomu /nomu/ | muromo /muromo/ | mulomo /mulomo/ | molomo /molomo/ | molomo /molomo/ | muromo /muˈromo/ |
| 牙 | iṋo /in̪o/ | tino /tino/ | zino /zino/ | liino /liːno/ | leino /leino/ | leino /leino/ | zino /zino/ |
| 舌头 | lulimi /lulimi/ | ririmi /ririmi/ | rurimi /rurimi/ | lulimi /lulimi/ | leleme /leleme/ | leleme /leleme/ | rurimi /rurimi/ |
| 手 | tshanḓa /tʃʰan̪d̪a/ | voko /voko/ | ruoko /ɾwoko/ | lizoho /lizoho/ | seatla /seatɬa/ | seatla /seatɬa/ | ruoko /rwoko/ |
| 脚 | mulenzhe /mulenʒe/ | nenge /neŋɡe/ | — | lihutu /liˈhutu/ | lonao /lonao/ | leoto /leoto/ | tsoka /tsoka/ |
| 心 | mbilu /mbilu/ | mbilu /mbilu/ | mwoyo /mwojo/ | pilu /pilu/ | pelo /peːlo/ | pelo /pelo/ | mwoyo /mwojo/ |
| 骨头 | ḽirambo /l̪irambo/ | rhambu /rambu/ | godo /ɡodo/ | sapo /sapo/ | lerapo /lerapo/ | lerapo /lerapo/ | pfupa /pfupa/ |
| 血 | malofha /maloɸa/ | ngati /ŋɡati/ | ropa /ropa/ | mali /mali/ | madi /madi/ | madi /madi/ | ropa /ropa/ |
| 便便 | malaṱwa /malat̪wa/ | — | tsvina /tsvina/ | ñanda /ɲanda/ | masepa /masepa/ | masepa /masepa/ | tsvina /tsvina/ |
| 爱 | lufuno /lufuno/ | rirhandzu /riɾandzu/ | rudo /ɾudo/ | lilato /lilato/ | lerato /leɾato/ | lerato /lerato/ | rudo /rudo/ |
| 树 | muri /muri/ | nsinya /nsiɲa/ | muti /muti/ | kota /kota/ | setlhare /setɬʰaɾe/ | sehlare /seɬare/ | muti /muti/ |
| 狗 | mmbwa /mːbwa/ | mbyana /mbjana/ | mbwa /mbwa/ | nja /ndʒa/ | ntša /ntʃa/ | mpša /mpʃa/ | imbwa /imbwa/ |
| 猫 | katse /katse/ | mangoyi /maŋɡoji/ | katsi /katsi/ | kaze /kaze/ | katse /katse/ | katse /katse/ | katsi /katsi/ |
| 鱼 | khovhe /kʰovʱe/ | nhlampfi /nɬampfi/ | hove /hove/ | tapi /tapi/ | tlhapi /tɬʰapi/ | hlapi /ɬapi/ | hove /hove/ |
| 鸟 | tshiṋoni /tʃiˈn̪oni/ | xinyenyana /ʃiɲeˈɲana/ | shiri /ʃiri/ | nyunywani /ɲuɲwani/ | nonyane /nɔˈɲanɛ/ | nonyana /nʊɲana/ | shiri /ʃiri/ |
| 蝴蝶 | tshisusu /tʃʰisusu/ | phapharhati /pʰapʰaˈrati/ | — | sipulumuki /sipulumuki/ | serurubele /seruruˈbele/ | serurubele /seruruˈbele/ | shaveshave /ʃaveʃave/ |
| 鸡蛋 | gumba /ɡumba/ | tandza /tandza/ | zai /zai/ | lii /liː/ | lee /lɛɛ/ | lee /leː/ | zai /zai/ |
| 熊 | biara /biara/ | bere /bere/ | — | bele /bele/ | bera /bɛra/ | bêrê /bɛrɛ/ | bheya /bʱeja/ |
| 马 | bere /bere/ | hanci /hantʃi/ | bhiza /biza/ | pizi /pizi/ | pitse /pitse/ | pere /pere/ | bhiza /biza/ |
| 房子 | nnḓu /n̪d̪u/ | yindlu /jindɮu/ | mhatso /mhatso/ | ndu /ndu/ | ntlo /ntɬo/ | ntlo /ntɬo/ | imba /imba/ |
| 牛奶 | mafhi /maɸi/ | masi /masi/ | mukaka /mukaka/ | mabisi /mabisi/ | mashi /maʃi/ | maswi /maswi/ | mukaka /mukaka/ |
| 蜂蜜 | mutoli /mutoli/ | vulombe /vulombe/ | uchi /utʃi/ | linosi /linosi/ | tswina /tswina/ | todi /todi/ | uchi /utʃi/ |
| 盐 | muṋo /mun̪o/ | munyu /muɲu/ | munyu /muɲu/ | lizwai /lizwai/ | letswai /letswai/ | letswai /letswai/ | munyu /muɲu/ |
| 葡萄酒 | waini /waini/ | vhinyo /viɲo/ | waini /waini/ | waine /waine/ | beine /beine/ | beine /beine/ | waini /waini/ |
| 米 | raisi /raisi/ | rhayisi /rajisi/ | mupunga /mupuŋɡa/ | laisi /laisi/ | raese /raese/ | reisi /reisi/ | mupunga /mupuŋɡa/ |
| 巧克力 | tshokoleti | chokoleti /tʃokoleti/ | — | chocolate | tshokolete /tsʰokolete/ | tšhokolete /tʃʰokolete/ | chokoreti /tʃokoreti/ |
| 铁 | tsimbi /tsimbi/ | nsimbi /nsimbi/ | simbi /simbi/ | sipi /sipi/ | tshipi /ˈtsʰipi/ | tshipi /ˈtsʰipi/ | simbi /ˈsimbi/ |
| 轮子 | mulinga /muliŋa/ | vhilwa /vilwa/ | vhiri /βiri/ | liwili /liwili/ | leotwana /leotwana/ | leotwana /leoˈtwana/ | vhiri /viri/ |
| 丝 | siliga /siliɡa/ | silika /silika/ | siriki /siriki/ | siliki /siliki/ | silika /silika/ | silika /silika/ | sirika /sirika/ |
| 书 | bugu /buɡu/ | buku /buku/ | bhuku /buku/ | buka /buka/ | buka /buka/ | puku /puku/ | bhuku /ˈɓuku/ |
| 吃 | u ḽa /u l̪a/ | ku dya /ku dʒa/ | kudya /kudʒa/ | kuca /kutʃa/ | go ja /χo dʒa/ | go ja /χo dʒa/ | kudya /kudja/ |
| 喝 | u nwa /u nwa/ | ku nwa /ku nwa/ | kumwa /kumwa/ | kunwa /kunwa/ | go nwa /χo nwa/ | go nwa /χo nwa/ | kunwa /kunwa/ |
| 睡觉 | u eḓela /u eˈd̪ela/ | ku etlela /ku eˈtɬela/ | rara /ˈraɾa/ | kulobala /kulobala/ | go robala /χo rʊˈbala/ | go robala /χo rʊˈbala/ | kurara /kuˈrara/ |
| 一 | nthihi /ntʰihi/ | rinʼwe /riŋwe/ | rimwe /ɾimwe/ | nyinwi /ɲiŋʷi/ | nngwe /ŋːwe/ | tee /teː/ | potsi /potsi/ |
| 二 | mbili /mbili/ | mbirhi /mbiri/ | piri /piri/ | peli /peli/ | pedi /pedi/ | pedi /pedi/ | piri /piri/ |
| 三 | tharu /tʰaru/ | nharhu /ɳaɾu/ | tatu /tatu/ | talu /talu/ | tharo /tʰaro/ | tharo /tʰaro/ | tatu /tatu/ |
| 四 | ṋa /n̪a/ | mune /mune/ | ina /ina/ | ne /ne/ | nne /nːe/ | nne /nːɛ/ | ina /ina/ |
| 五 | ṱhanu /t̪ʰanu/ | ntlhanu /ntɬʰanu/ | shanu /ʃanu/ | ketalizoho /ketalizoho/ | tlhano /tɬʰano/ | hlano /ɬano/ | shanu /ʃanu/ |
| 百 | ḓana /d̪ana/ | dzana /dzana/ | zana /zana/ | mwanda /mwanda/ | lekgolo /leχolo/ | lekgolo /leχolo/ | zana /zana/ |
| 你好 | ndaa /ndaː/ | avuxeni /avuʃeni/ | makadii /makadiː/ | lumela /lumela/ | dumela /dumeːla/ | dumela /dumɛla/ | mhoro /mʱoro/ |
| 谢谢 | ndo livhuwa /ndo livʱuwa/ | inkomu /iŋkomu/ | mazviita /mazviita/ | nitumezi /nitumezi/ | ke a leboga /ke a leboɣa/ | ke a leboga /ke a leboɣa/ | maita /maita/ |
| 好 | zwavhuḓi /zwavʱud̪i/ | kahle /kaɬe/ | kunaka /kunaka/ | nde /nde/ | siame /siaːme/ | botse /botse/ | chakanaka /tʃakanaka/ |
| 新 | ntswa /ntswa/ | ntshwa /ntsʰwa/ | itsva /itsva/ | nca /ntʃa/ | ntshwa /ntsʰwa/ | mpsha /mpsʰa/ | itsva /itsva/ |
| 红 | tswuku /tswuku/ | tshwuka /tsʰwuka/ | tsvuku /tsvuku/ | fubelu /fubelu/ | khibidu /kʰibidu/ | hubedu /hubedu/ | tsvuku /tsvuku/ |
| 白 | tshena /tsʰena/ | basa /ˈbasa/ | chena /tʃena/ | sweu /sweu/ | tshweu /tsʰwɛu/ | tšhweu /tʃʰwɛu/ | chena /tʃena/ |
| 黑 | ntswu /ntswu/ | ntima /ntima/ | tema /tema/ | nsu /nsu/ | ntsho /ntsʰɔ/ | ntsho /ntsʰɔ/ | tema /tema/ |
| 绿 | dala /dala/ | rihlaza /riɬaza/ | — | tala /tala/ | tala /tala/ | tala /tala/ | girini /ɡirini/ |
| 蓝 | lutombo /lutombo/ | rihlaza /riɬaza/ | — | tala /tala/ | tala /tala/ | tala /tala/ | bhuluu /buluː/ |
| 电脑 | khomphyutha /kʰompʰjutʰa/ | khompyuta /kʰompjuta/ | — | kompyuta /kompjuta/ | khomphuta /kʰompʰuta/ | khomphutha /kʰompʰutʰa/ | kombiyuta /kombijuta/ |
| 茶 | tie /tie/ | tiya /tija/ | — | tii /tiː/ | tee /teː/ | teye /teje/ | tii /tiː/ |
| 咖啡 | kofi /kofi/ | kofi /kofi/ | — | kofi /kofi/ | kofi /kofi/ | kofi /kofi/ | kofi /kofi/ |
| 糖 | swigiri /swiɡiri/ | chukela /tʃukela/ | — | shuga /ʃuɡa/ | sukiri /sukiri/ | swikiri /swikiri/ | shuga /ʃuɡa/ |
| 橙 | swiri | lamula /lamula/ | — | olenji /olendʒi/ | namune /namune/ | namune /namune/ | ranjisi /randʒisi/ |
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