Karifuna
Garifuna
Arawak-Sprachen (karibisch)
Garifuna ist die Sprache der Garifuna – Nachkommen karibischer Indigener und westafrikanischer Sklaven, die im 17. Jahrhundert nach St. Vincent flohen. Sprachwissenschaftlich gehört sie zur Arawak-Familie, doch hatte die Männersprache historisch eine umfangreiche karibische Lexikschicht (heute sind geschlechtsspezifische Unterschiede fast verschwunden). 2001 wurde sie zum immateriellen UNESCO-Kulturerbe erklärt.
Wo die Sprache gesprochen wird
Garifuna: 87 Kernwörter
Quellen
- Ethnologue: cab
- Suazo (1994) Conversemos en Garífuna
- UNESCO Representative List of Intangible Heritage
Wörter im Vergleich
Verglichen mit verwandten Sprachen: Arawak-Sprachen (karibisch)
| Bedeutung | Garifuna | Karib | Sizilianisch | Extremadurisch | Purépecha-Sprache | Guatemaltekisches Spanisch | Kabuverdianu |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wasser | huya /huja/ | tuna /tuna/ | acqua /ˈakkwa/ | augua /ˈawɣwa/ | itsï /iˈtsɨ/ | agua /ˈaɣwa/ | agu /aɡu/ |
| Feuer | watu /watu/ | wàto /wahto/ | focu /ˈfɔku/ | huegu /ˈhweɣu/ | chpíri /ˈtʃpʰiɾi/ | fuego /ˈfweɣo/ | fogu /foɡu/ |
| Sonne | weyu /weju/ | weju /weju/ | suli /ˈsuli/ | sol /sɔl/ | jurhiata /xuɽˈjata/ | sol /sol/ | sol /sɔl/ |
| Mond | hati /hati/ | nuno /nuno/ | luna /ˈluna/ | luna /ˈluna/ | kutsi /ˈkutsi/ | luna /ˈluna/ | lua /lua/ |
| Stern | waruguma /waɾuɡuma/ | siriko /siɾiko/ | stidda /ˈstɪɖːa/ | estrella /ehˈtɾeʎa/ | jóskua /ˈxoskʷa/ | estrella /esˈtɾea/ | strela /ˈstɾelɐ/ |
| Nacht | gañau /ɡaɲau/ | koko /koko/ | notti /ˈnɔtti/ | nochi /ˈnotʃi/ | churikua /tʃuɾikʷa/ | noche /ˈnotʃe/ | noti /ˈnoti/ |
| Regen | gunubu /ɡunubu/ | konopo /konopo/ | chiuvuta /kjuˈvuta/ | lluvia /ˈʎuβja/ | janikua /xanikʷa/ | lluvia /ˈʝuβja/ | txuba /ˈtʃubɐ/ |
| Schnee | niewe /niewe/ | — | nivi /ˈniːvi/ | ñevi /ˈɲeβi/ | iéjta /ˈjexta/ | nieve /ˈnjeβe/ | nevi /ˈnevi/ |
| Wind | garabali /ɡarabali/ | pepeito /pepeito/ | ventu /ˈvɛntu/ | ventu /ˈbentu/ | tarhiata /taˈɽiata/ | viento /ˈbjento/ | bentu /ˈbentu/ |
| Erde | múa /mua/ | nono /nono/ | terra /ˈtɛrra/ | tierra /ˈtjera/ | echeri /etʃeɾi/ | tierra /ˈtjera/ | téra /tera/ |
| Stein | dübü /dɨbɨ/ | topu /topu/ | petra /ˈpɛːtra/ | piedra /ˈpjeðɾa/ | tsakapu /tsaˈkapu/ | piedra /ˈpjeðɾa/ | pedra /ˈpɛdɾɐ/ |
| Berg | wǘbü /ˈwɨbɨ/ | wypy /wɨpɨ/ | muntagna /munˈtaɲɲa/ | montaña /monˈtaɲa/ | uata /wata/ | montaña /monˈtaɲa/ | monti /ˈmõti/ |
| Meer | barana /ˈbarana/ | parana /paɾana/ | mari /ˈmari/ | mar /maɾ/ | kʼéri japunta /ˈkʰeɾi xapunta/ | mar /maɾ/ | mar /maɾ/ |
| Mutter | úguchu /uɡutʃu/ | sano /sano/ | matri /ˈmatri/ | mai /mai/ | nana /ˈnana/ | madre /ˈmaðɾe/ | mai /maj/ |
| Vater | úguchili /uɡutʃili/ | papa /papa/ | patri /ˈpatri/ | pairi /ˈpajɾi/ | tata /ˈtata/ | padre /ˈpaðɾe/ | pai /paj/ |
| Tochter | isani würi /isani wɨɾi/ | emyiry /emɨiɾɨ/ | figghia /ˈfiɟɟa/ | ija /ˈiha/ | — | hija /ˈiha/ | fidja /ˈfidʒɐ/ |
| Ich | au /au/ | au /au/ | iu /ju/ | yo /ʝo/ | ji /xi/ | yo /ʝo/ | mi /mi/ |
| Du | amürü /amɨɾɨ/ | amoro /amoɾo/ | tu /tu/ | tú /tu/ | tʼu /tʰu/ | vos /bos/ | bu /bu/ |
| Wir | wagía /waɡia/ | kʉʼkaron / naʼna /kəʔkaɾon / naʔna/ | nuàutri /nuˈawtri/ | nusotrus /nusoˈtɾus/ | juchá /xuˈtʃa/ | nosotros /noˈsotɾos/ | nos /nɔs/ |
| Name | iri /iɾi/ | eeti /eːti/ | nomu /ˈnɔmu/ | nombri /ˈnombɾi/ | arhikua /aɽiˈkʷa/ | nombre /ˈnombɾe/ | nómi /ˈnɔmi/ |
| Mensch | mútu /ˈmutu/ | kariʼna /kaɾiʔna/ | pirsuna /pirˈsuna/ | presona /pɾeˈsona/ | kʼuiripu /kʰʷiˈɾipu/ | persona /peɾˈsona/ | algen /alˈɡen/ |
| Kopf | ichǘgü /iˈtʃɨɡɨ/ | upuʼpo /upuʔpo/ | testa /ˈtɛsta/ | cabeça /kaˈβesa/ | ejpu /expu/ | cabeza /kaˈβesa/ | kabésa /kaˈbɛsɐ/ |
| Auge | úgubu /uɡubu/ | enu /enu/ | occhiu /ˈɔkkju/ | oju /ˈohu/ | éskua /ˈeskʷa/ | ojo /ˈoho/ | odju /odʒu/ |
| Ohr | arigei /ariɡei/ | panari /panari/ | aricchia /aˈrikkja/ | oreja /oˈɾexa/ | kutsïkua /kuˈtsɨkʷa/ | oreja /oˈɾeha/ | oredja /oˈɾedʒɐ/ |
| Nase | igiri /iɡiɾi/ | anàta /anahta/ | nasu /ˈnaːsu/ | narís /naˈɾis/ | úrhi /ˈuɽi/ | nariz /naˈɾis/ | naris /naˈɾis/ |
| Mund | iumaü /iumaɨ/ | pota /pota/ | vucca /ˈvukka/ | boca /ˈboka/ | penchumikua /pentʃumikʷa/ | boca /ˈboka/ | boka /ˈbɔka/ |
| Zahn | ari /ari/ | yerï /jelə/ | denti /ˈdɛnti/ | dienti /ˈdjenti/ | sïni /sɨni/ | diente /ˈdjente/ | denti /ˈdenti/ |
| Zunge | iñeñei /iɲeɲei/ | nuru /nuɾu/ | lingua /ˈlinɡwa/ | luenga /ˈlweŋɡa/ | katamba /katamba/ | lengua /ˈleŋɡwa/ | lingua /ˈliŋɡwa/ |
| Hand | úhabu /uhabu/ | aina /aina/ | manu /ˈmanu/ | manu /ˈmanu/ | jájki /ˈhaxki/ | mano /ˈmano/ | mon /mɔ̃/ |
| Fuß | ugúdi /uɡudi/ | pupu /pupu/ | pedi /ˈpɛdi/ | pie /pje/ | jantsíri /xanˈtsiɾi/ | pie /pje/ | pé /pɛ/ |
| Herz | anigi /aniɡi/ | emanga /emaŋɡa/ | cori /ˈkɔri/ | curaçón /kuɾaˈsɔn/ | mintsita /minˈtsita/ | corazón /koɾaˈson/ | korason /korasɔ̃/ |
| Knochen | ábu /abu/ | yepo /jepo/ | ossu /ˈɔssu/ | güesu /ˈɡwesu/ | úni /ˈuni/ | hueso /ˈweso/ | ósu /ˈɔsu/ |
| Blut | hitaü /hitaɨ/ | mʉnʉ /mənə/ | sangu /ˈsaŋɡu/ | sangri /ˈsaŋɡɾi/ | iurhiri /juɽiɽi/ | sangre /ˈsaŋɡɾe/ | sangi /ˈsɐ̃ɡi/ |
| Liebe | hínsiñe /hinsiɲe/ | kataneko /kataneko/ | amuri /aˈmuri/ | amol /aˈmol/ | uekpini /wekpini/ | amor /aˈmoɾ/ | amor /amor/ |
| Baum | wewe /wewe/ | wewe /wewe/ | àrbulu /ˈarbulu/ | arbol /ˈaɾβol/ | anhatapu /aŋaˈtapu/ | árbol /ˈaɾβol/ | arvi /arvi/ |
| Hund | aulamu /aulamu/ | pero /peɾo/ | cani /ˈkani/ | perru /ˈperu/ | uíchu /ˈwitʃu/ | perro /ˈpero/ | katxor /katʃɔr/ |
| Katze | meu /meu/ | meu /meu/ | jattu /ˈjattu/ | gatu /ˈɡatu/ | misitu /miˈsitu/ | gato /ˈɡato/ | gatu /ɡatu/ |
| Fisch | üduraü /ɨduɾaɨ/ | woto /woto/ | pisci /ˈpiʃi/ | pexi /ˈpeʃi/ | kurucha /kuɾutʃa/ | pez /pes/ | pexi /ˈpeʃi/ |
| Vogel | dúnuru /ˈdunuɾu/ | tonoro /tonoɾo/ | aceddu /aˈtʃɛɖːu/ | páxaru /ˈpaxaɾu/ | kuini /kʷini/ | pájaro /ˈpahaɾo/ | pásaru /pasaɾu/ |
| Schmetterling | wurigabagaba /wuɾiɡabaɡaba/ | palanpalan /palanpalan/ | parpagghiuni /parpaɟˈɟuni/ | — | parakata /paˈɾakata/ | mariposa /maɾiˈposa/ | borboléta /boɾboˈlɛtɐ/ |
| Ei | gañe /ɡaɲe/ | iʼmo /iʔmo/ | ovu /ˈɔvu/ | güevu /ˈɡweβu/ | kuaxanda /kʷaʃanda/ | huevo /ˈweβo/ | ovu /ˈovu/ |
| Bär | osu /osu/ | — | ursu /ˈursu/ | ossu /ˈosu/ | osu /osu/ | oso /ˈoso/ | ursu /ˈuɾsu/ |
| Pferd | gabáyu /ɡaˈbaju/ | kaware /kawaɾe/ | cavaddu /kaˈvaɖːu/ | caballu /kaˈβaʎu/ | kabaiu /kaˈbaju/ | caballo /kaˈβajo/ | kabalu /kaˈbalu/ |
| Haus | muna /muna/ | paty /pati/ | casa /ˈkasa/ | casa /ˈkasa/ | taa /ta/ | casa /ˈkasa/ | kaza /kaza/ |
| Milch | miligi /miliɡi/ | manaty aikuru /manatɨ aikuɾu/ | latti /ˈlatti/ | lechi /ˈletʃi/ | lechi /letʃi/ | leche /ˈletʃe/ | leti /ˈleti/ |
| Honig | maba /maba/ | wano /wano/ | meli /ˈmɛli/ | miel /mjel/ | tékua /ˈtekʷa/ | miel /mjel/ | mel /mɛl/ |
| Salz | sálu /ˈsalu/ | wajo /wajo/ | sali /ˈsali/ | sal /sal/ | itúkua /iˈtukʷa/ | sal /sal/ | sal /sal/ |
| Wein | diweín /diweˈin/ | winu /winu/ | vinu /ˈvinu/ | vinu /ˈbinu/ | binu /ˈbinu/ | vino /ˈbino/ | vinhu /ˈviɲu/ |
| Reis | ri /ri/ | — | risu /ˈrizu/ | arrós /aˈros/ | — | arroz /aˈros/ | arôs /ɐˈɾos/ |
| Schokolade | chuguladi /tʃuɡuladi/ | — | cicculatti /tʃikkuˈlatti/ | chocolati /tʃokoˈlati/ | — | chocolate /tʃokoˈlate/ | xokulati |
| Eisen | gürábu /ɡɨˈɾabu/ | siparari /sipaɾaɾi/ | ferru /ˈfɛrru/ | hierru /ˈhjeru/ | tiámu /ˈtjamu/ | hierro /ˈʝero/ | féru /ˈfɛɾu/ |
| Rad | tubalabala /tubalabala/ | tarara /tarara/ | rota /ˈrɔːta/ | ruea /ˈrwea/ | — | rueda /ˈrweða/ | roda /ˈrɔdɐ/ |
| Seide | séda /ˈseda/ | — | sita /ˈsita/ | seda /ˈseða/ | — | seda /ˈseða/ | seda /ˈsedɐ/ |
| Buch | líburu /ˈlibuɾu/ | kareta /kaɾeta/ | libbru /ˈlibbru/ | libru /ˈliβɾu/ | karakata /kaɾakata/ | libro /ˈliβɾo/ | livru /ˈlivɾu/ |
| Essen | éiga /eiɡa/ | onökö /onøkø/ | manciari /manˈtʃari/ | comel /koˈmel/ | tʼireni /tʰiˈɾeni/ | comer /koˈmeɾ/ | kume /kume/ |
| Trinken | ata /ata/ | ëne /ɘne/ | vìviri /ˈviviri/ | bebel /beˈβel/ | itsïmani /itsɨmani/ | beber /beˈβeɾ/ | bebe /bebe/ |
| Schlafen | arúmuga /aˈɾumuɡa/ | ònyky /ohnɨkɨ/ | dòrmiri /ˈdɔrmɪrɪ/ | durmil /duɾˈmil/ | kʼuíni /ˈkʰʷini/ | dormir /doɾˈmiɾ/ | durmi /ˈduɾmi/ |
| Eins | aban /aban/ | o:wi /oːwi/ | unu /ˈunu/ | un /un/ | ma /ma/ | uno /ˈuno/ | un /un/ |
| Zwei | biama /biama/ | oko /oko/ | dui /ˈduɪ/ | dos /dos/ | tsimani /tsiˈmani/ | dos /dos/ | dos /dos/ |
| Drei | ürüwa /ɨɾɨwa/ | oruwa /oɾuwa/ | tri /tri/ | tres /tɾes/ | tanimu /tanimu/ | tres /tɾes/ | tres /tɾes/ |
| Vier | gádürü /ˈɡadɨɾɨ/ | okupaen /okupaen/ | quattru /ˈkwattru/ | cuatru /ˈkwatɾu/ | tʼamu /tʰamu/ | cuatro /ˈkwatɾo/ | kuatru /ˈkwatru/ |
| Fünf | seingü /seiŋɡy/ | ainatone /ainatone/ | cincu /ˈtʃiŋku/ | cincu /ˈθiŋku/ | yumu /jumu/ | cinco /ˈsinko/ | sinku /ˈsiŋku/ |
| Hundert | san /saŋ/ | ainatone-kariʼna /ainatone kaɾiʔna/ | centu /ˈtʃɛntu/ | cien /θjen/ | yumu ekuatsi /jumu ekʷatsi/ | cien /sjen/ | sen /sen/ |
| Hallo | mabuiga /mabuiɡa/ | mary /maɾi/ | salutamu /salutamu/ | salú /saˈlu/ | — /—/ | hola /ˈola/ | ola /ɔla/ |
| Danke | seremein /seremein/ | irombo /iɾombo/ | grazii /ˈɡrattsii/ | gracias /ˈɣɾasjas/ | diosï meyamu /diosɨ meˈjamu/ | gracias /ˈɡɾasjas/ | obrigadu /obriɡadu/ |
| Gut | buidu /bwidu/ | epoja /epoja/ | bonu /ˈbɔnu/ | güenu /ˈɡwenu/ | sesi /ˈsesi/ | bueno /ˈbweno/ | bon /bɔ̃/ |
| Neu | iséri /iˈseɾi/ | asery /aseɾɨ/ | novu /ˈnɔvu/ | nuevu /ˈnweβu/ | jimbanhi /ximbaŋi/ | nuevo /ˈnweβo/ | novu /ˈnovu/ |
| Rot | fúnati /ˈfunati/ | tapyre /tapɨɾe/ | russu /ˈrussu/ | coloráu /koloˈɾaw/ | charhápiti /tʃaˈɽapiti/ | rojo /ˈroho/ | burmedju /buɾˈmɛdʒu/ |
| Weiß | harúti /haˈɾuti/ | tamuʼne /tamuʔne/ | biancu /ˈbjaŋku/ | blancu /ˈblaŋku/ | urapiti /uɾapiti/ | blanco /ˈblaŋko/ | branku /ˈbɾɐ̃ku/ |
| Schwarz | wuriti /wuɾiti/ | tykaraije /tɨkaɾaije/ | nìuru /ˈniuru/ | negru /ˈneɣɾu/ | turhipiti /tuɽipiti/ | negro /ˈneɣɾo/ | pretu /ˈpɾetu/ |
| Blau | dínguti /ˈdiŋɡuti/ | tupulu /tupulu/ | azzolu /adˈdzɔlu/ | azul /aˈθul/ | — | azul /aˈsul/ | azul /aˈzul/ |
| Computer | konputadora /konputadoɾa/ | computa | computer /komˈpjuter/ | ordenaol /oɾðenaˈol/ | komputadora /komputadoɾa/ | computadora /komputaˈðoɾa/ | konputador /kõputaˈdoɾ/ |
| Tee | ti /ti/ | — | tè /tɛ/ | té /te/ | té /te/ | té /te/ | xa /ʃa/ |
| Kaffee | gafe /ɡafe/ | kafé /kafe/ | cafè /kaˈfɛ/ | café /kaˈfe/ | kafe /kafe/ | café /kaˈfe/ | kafé /kaˈfɛ/ |
| Zucker | súgara /ˈsuɡaɾa/ | sukulu /sukulu/ | zuccuru /ˈtsukkuru/ | açuca /aˈsuka/ | asukar | azúcar /aˈsukaɾ/ | sukra /ˈsukɾɐ/ |
| Orange | aransu /aɾansu/ | apyrysina /apɨɾɨsina/ | aranciu /aˈrantʃu/ | naranja /naˈɾaŋha/ | — | naranja /naˈɾaŋha/ | laranja /laˈɾɐ̃ʒɐ/ |
| 99 | gádürü-wein-díisi-néfu /ɡadɨɾɨ wein diːsi nefu/ | — | novantanovi /nɔvantaˈnɔvi/ | noventa i nuevi /noˈβenta i ˈnweβi/ | — | noventa y nueve /noˈβenta i ˈnweβe/ | — |
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