Yokot'an
Tabasco-Chontal
Maya
Das Tabasco-Chontal (Yokot'an, auch Yokot'an genannt, manchmal Chontal-Maya) ist eine cholanische Maya-Sprache der mexikanischen Golfküste im Bundesstaat Tabasco. Die Chontal-Maya sind direkte Nachfahren der Tiefland-Maya, die während der klassischen und postklassischen Periode den Putun-Handelskreis kontrollierten und Yucatán mit der Golfküste und dem mexikanischen Hochland verbanden. Das moderne Yokot'an ist der nächste lebende Verwandte des Chol (ctu); beide teilen die Abstammung aus dem cholanischen Zweig, der die glyphischen Inschriften des klassischen Maya hervorbrachte. Trotz starken Drucks durch das Spanische bewahren die Gemeinschaften in Nacajuca und Centla die Sprache zusammen mit traditionellen Praktiken, darunter dem zeremoniellen Kakaoanbau.
Wo die Sprache gesprochen wird
Tabasco-Chontal: 87 Kernwörter
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Wörter im Vergleich
Verglichen mit verwandten Sprachen: Maya
| Bedeutung | Tabasco-Chontal | Chol | Tzeltal | Klassisches Maya | Itzá-Maya | Tojolabal | Yukatekisches Maya |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wasser | jaʼ /haʔ/ | jaʼ /haʔ/ | jaʼ /haʔ/ | haʼ /haʔ/ | jaʼ /haʔ/ | jaʼ /haʔ/ | jaʼ /haʔ/ |
| Feuer | kʼakʼ /kʼakʼ/ | kʼajk /kʼahk/ | kʼajkʼ /kʼahkʼ/ | kʼahkʼ /kʼahkʼ/ | kʼakʼ /kʼakʼ/ | kʼakʼ /kʼakʼ/ | kʼáakʼ /kʼaːkʼ/ |
| Sonne | kʼin /kʼin/ | kʼiñ /kʼiɲ/ | kʼajkʼal /kʼahkʼal/ | kʼin /kʼin/ | kʼin /kʼin/ | kʼakʼu /kʼakʼu/ | kʼiin /kʼiːn/ |
| Mond | ä /æ/ | uw /uw/ | u /u/ | uh /uh/ | uj /uh/ | ixaw /iʃaw/ | uj /uh/ |
| Stern | ekʼ /ʔekʼ/ | ekʼ /ʔekʼ/ | ekʼ /ekʼ/ | ekʼ /eːkʼ/ | ekʼ /ekʼ/ | kʼanal /kʼanal/ | eekʼ /eːkʼ/ |
| Nacht | akʼäb /akʼɨb/ | akʼälel /akʼɨlel/ | ajkʼabal /ahkʼaɓal/ | akʼabʼ /akʼaɓ/ | akʼabʼ /akʼaɓ/ | aʼkwal /aʔkʷal/ | áakʼabʼ /aːkʼaɓ/ |
| Schnee | nieve /ˈnjebe/ | — | — | — | — | sakal kʼinal /sakal kʼinal/ | nieve /njebe/ |
| Erde | lum /lum/ | lum /lum/ | lum /lum/ | kab /kab/ | luʼum /luʔum/ | luʼum /luʔum/ | luʼum /luʔum/ |
| Stein | jiʼtun /hiʔtun/ | xajlel /ʃahlel/ | ton /ton/ | tuun /tuːn/ | tunich /tunitʃ/ | ton /ton/ | tuunich /tuːˈnitʃ/ |
| Berg | tzʼik /tsʼik/ | wits /wits/ | wits /wits/ | witz /wits/ | — | wits /wits/ | wiits /wiːts/ |
| Meer | nab /nab/ | ñajb /ɲahɓ/ | mar /mar/ | kʼahkʼ nab /kʼahkʼ nab/ | — | niwan paman jaʼ /niwan paman haʔ/ | kʼáaʼnáab /kʼaːʔnaːb/ |
| Mutter | naʼ /naʔ/ | ñaʼ /ɲaʔ/ | meʼ /meʔ/ | naʼ /naʔ/ | naʼ /naʔ/ | nan /nan/ | naʼ /naʔ/ |
| Vater | tat /tat/ | tat /tat/ | tat /tat/ | yuum /juːm/ | tat /tat/ | tat /tat/ | taata /taːta/ |
| Tochter | jixik chʼok /hiʃik tʃʼok/ | ixikʼal /iʃikʼal/ | antsil nichʼan /antsil nitʃʼan/ | — | — | ʼixukil /ʔiʃukil/ | x aal /ʃaːl/ |
| Ich | noʼon /noʔon/ | joñoñ /hoɲoɲ/ | joʼon /hoʔon/ | hiin /hiːn/ | ten /ten/ | keʼn /keʔn/ | teen /teːn/ |
| Du | neʼet /neʔet/ | jatyet /hatʲet/ | jaʼat /haʔat/ | hat /hat/ | tech /tetʃ/ | weʼn /weʔn/ | teech /teːtʃ/ |
| Wir | noʼonla /noʔonla/ | joñonla / joñon lojon /hoɲonla / hoɲon lohon/ | joʼotik / joʼotikon /hoʔotik / hoʔotikon/ | — /—/ | toʼon /toʔon/ | keʼntik / keʼntikon /keʔntik / keʔntikon/ | toʼon /toʔon/ |
| Name | kʼabaʼ /kʼaɓaʔ/ | kʼabaʼ /kʼaɓaʔ/ | biil /ɓiːl/ | kʼabaʼ /kʼaˈɓaʔ/ | kʼabaʼ /kʼaɓaʔ/ | bʼiʼil /ɓiʔil/ | kʼaabaʼ /kʼaːɓaʔ/ |
| Mensch | winik /winik/ | kixtyañu /kiʃtʲaɲu/ | ants winik /ants winik/ | winik /winik/ | — | winkil /winkil/ | máak /maːk/ |
| Kopf | pam /pam/ | jol /hol/ | jol /hol/ | jol /hol/ | — | ʼolom /ʔolom/ | pool /poːl/ |
| Auge | wich /witʃ/ | wut /wut/ | sit /sit/ | ut /ut/ | ich /itʃ/ | satej /sateh/ | ich /itʃ/ |
| Ohr | chikin /tʃikin/ | chikin /tʃikin/ | chikin /tʃikin/ | chikin /tʃikin/ | xikin /ʃikin/ | chikin /tʃikin/ | xikin /ʃikin/ |
| Nase | niʼ /niʔ/ | niʼ /niʔ/ | niʼ /niʔ/ | niʼ /niʔ/ | niʼ /niʔ/ | niʼ /niʔ/ | niʼ /niʔ/ |
| Mund | tiʼ /tiʔ/ | tiʼ /tiʔ/ | tiʼ /tiʔ/ | tiʼ /tiʔ/ | chiʼ /tʃiʔ/ | tiʼ /tiʔ/ | chiʼ /tʃiʔ/ |
| Zahn | ej /eh/ | ej /eh/ | ehal /ehal/ | eh /eh/ | koh /koh/ | ex /eʃ/ | koh /koh/ |
| Zunge | akʼ /akʼ/ | äkʼ /ɨkʼ/ | akʼ /akʼ/ | akʼ /akʼ/ | akʼ /akʼ/ | akʼ /akʼ/ | aakʼ /aːkʼ/ |
| Hand | kʼäb /kʼɨb/ | kʼäb /kʼɨɓ/ | kʼab /kʼab/ | kʼab /kʼab/ | kʼab /kʼab/ | kʼabʼ /kʼaɓ/ | kʼabʼ /kʼaɓ/ |
| Fuß | ok /ok/ | ok /ok/ | ok /ok/ | ook /oːk/ | — | ok /ok/ | ook /oːk/ |
| Herz | pixan /piʃan/ | pusʼikʼal /pusʼikʼal/ | oʼtan /oʔtan/ | pixan /piʃan/ | pukʼsikʼal /pukʼsikʼal/ | altzil /altsil/ | puksiʼikʼal /puksiʔikʼal/ |
| Knochen | bak /ɓak/ | bäk /ɓɨk/ | bak /ɓak/ | baak /ɓaːk/ | bʼak /ɓak/ | bakel /ɓakel/ | bʼaak /ɓaːk/ |
| Blut | chʼichʼ /tʃʼitʃʼ/ | chʼichʼ /tʃʼitʃʼ/ | chʼichʼ /tʃʼitʃʼ/ | kʼikʼ /kʼikʼ/ | kʼikʼ /kʼikʼ/ | chikʼel /tʃikʼel/ | kʼiʼikʼ /kʼiʔikʼ/ |
| Kacke | taʼ /taʔ/ | taʼ /taʔ/ | tsaʼ /tsaʔ/ | — | — | kʼoy /kʼoj/ | taʼ /taʔ/ |
| Liebe | kʼuxbe /kʼuʃbe/ | kʼuxbiñ /kʼuʃbiɲ/ | kʼanbey /kʼanbej/ | yaah /jaːh/ | yakunti /jakunti/ | skʼana /skʼana/ | yaakuntej /jaːkunteh/ |
| Baum | teʼ /teʔ/ | teʼ /teʔ/ | teʼ /teʔ/ | cheʼ /tʃeʔ/ | cheʼ /tʃeʔ/ | teʼ /teʔ/ | cheʼ /tʃeʔ/ |
| Hund | wichuʼ /witʃuʔ/ | tsʼiʼ /tsʼiʔ/ | tsʼiʼ /tsʼiʔ/ | peekʼ /peːkʼ/ | pekʼ /pekʼ/ | tsʼiʼ /tsʼiʔ/ | peekʼ /peːkʼ/ |
| Katze | ajmis /ahmis/ | mis /mis/ | mis /mis/ | miis /miːs/ | mis /mis/ | mis /mis/ | miis /miːs/ |
| Fisch | buchʼ /butʃʼ/ | chäy /tʃɨj/ | chay /tʃaj/ | kay /kaj/ | käy /kɨj/ | chay /tʃaj/ | kay /kaj/ |
| Vogel | mut /mut/ | mut /mut/ | mut /mut/ | mut /mut/ | chʼiichʼ /tʃʼiːtʃʼ/ | yal chan /jal tʃan/ | chʼíichʼ /tʃʼiːtʃʼ/ |
| Schmetterling | ajpempem /ahpempem/ | pejpem /pehpem/ | pejpen /pehpen/ | — | — | pejpen /pehpen/ | péepen /peːpen/ |
| Ei | säktokʼ /sɨktokʼ/ | tumut /tumut/ | tomut /tomut/ | — | jeʼ /heʔ/ | nolobʼ /noloɓ/ | jeʼ /heʔ/ |
| Bär | oso /ˈoso/ | oso /oso/ | oso /oso/ | — | — | oso /oso/ | oso /oso/ |
| Pferd | tzimim /tsimim/ | kawayuʼ /kawajuʔ/ | kawu /kawu/ | — | — | kawu /kawu/ | tsíimin /tsiːmin/ |
| Haus | otot /otot/ | otyot /otjot/ | na /na/ | otoch /otoːtʃ/ | nah /nah/ | naj /nah/ | naj /nah/ |
| Milch | leche /letʃe/ | chuʼ /tʃuʔ/ | lech /letʃ/ | — | — | lech /letʃ/ | leche /letʃe/ |
| Honig | chab /tʃaɓ/ | chab /tʃaɓ/ | chab /tʃab/ | — | — | chab /tʃaɓ/ | kaab /kaːb/ |
| Salz | atzʼam /atsʼam/ | atsʼam /atsʼam/ | atsʼam /atsʼam/ | — | tab /tab/ | atsʼam /atsʼam/ | taʼab /taʔaɓ/ |
| Wein | vino /ˈbino/ | vino /ˈbino/ | vino /bino/ | — | — | yaalel tzʼusub /jaːlel tsʼusub/ | vino /bino/ |
| Reis | arroz /aros/ | arus /aɾus/ | — | — | — | ʼaros /ʔaros/ | arroz /aros/ |
| Eisen | palib /palib/ | — | takʼin /takʼin/ | — | — | takʼin /takʼin/ | máaskab /maːskab/ |
| Rad | rueda /rweda/ | — | — | — | — | rweda /rweda/ | rueda /rweda/ |
| Seide | seda /ˈseda/ | seda /seda/ | seda /seda/ | — | — | seda /seda/ | seda /seda/ |
| Buch | jun /hun/ | juñ /huɲ/ | jun /hun/ | huun /huːn/ | Juʼumilxok /huʔumilʃok/ | juʼun /huʔun/ | juʼun /huʔun/ |
| Essen | weʼ /weʔ/ | kʼux /kʼuʃ/ | weʼel /weʔel/ | weʼ /weʔ/ | jant /hant/ | waʼel /waʔel/ | jaant /haːnt/ |
| Trinken | ukʼe /ukʼe/ | uchʼ /utʃʼ/ | uchʼel /utʃʼel/ | ukʼ /ukʼ/ | ukʼ /ukʼ/ | ukʼ /ukʼ/ | ukʼul /ukʼul/ |
| Schlafen | wäye /wɨje/ | wäyel /wɨjel/ | way /waj/ | way /waj/ | wenel /wenel/ | wayel /wajel/ | wenel /wenel/ |
| Eins | un /un/ | jun /hun/ | jun /hun/ | jun /hun/ | jun /hun/ | jun /hun/ | jun /hun/ |
| Zwei | chaʼ /tʃaʔ/ | chaʼ /tʃaʔ/ | cheb /tʃeb/ | chaʼ /tʃaʔ/ | kaʼ /kaʔ/ | chabʼ /tʃaɓ/ | kaʼ /kaʔ/ |
| Drei | ux /uʃ/ | uxpʼejl /uʃpʼehl/ | oxeb /oʃeb/ | ox /oʃ/ | ox /oʃ/ | oxe /oʃe/ | óox /ʔoːʃ/ |
| Vier | chan /tʃan/ | chämpʼejl /tʃɨmpʼehl/ | chaneb /tʃaneb/ | kan /kan/ | kan /kan/ | chane /tʃane/ | kan /kan/ |
| Fünf | joʼ /hoʔ/ | joʼ /hoʔ/ | joʼeb /hoʔeɓ/ | hoʼ /hoʔ/ | — | joʼe /hoʔe/ | joʼ /hoʔ/ |
| Hundert | cien /sjen/ | joʼkʼal /hoʔkʼal/ | joʼ winik /hoʔ winik/ | — | — | joʼ winkeʼ /hoʔ winkeʔ/ | joʼokʼáal /hoʔokʼaːl/ |
| Hallo | bin a bel /bin a bel/ | kabʼ /kaɓ/ | banti winik /banti winik/ | bix a beel /biʃ a beːl/ | bʼix a tʼan /biʃ a tʼan/ | lekilukʼ /lekilukʼ/ | baʼax ka waʼalik /baʔaʃ ka waʔalik/ |
| Danke | dios boʼtik /dios boʔtik/ | wokolix awälä /wokoliʃ awɨlɨ/ | wokol awal /wokol awal/ | nibʼoolal /nibʼoːlal/ | dios bʼotik /dios botik/ | yuj /juh/ | dios boʼotik /dios boʔotik/ |
| Gut | tsʼak /tsʼak/ | utsʼat /utsʼat/ | lek /lek/ | utz /uts/ | malobʼ /malob/ | lek /lek/ | maʼalob /maʔalob/ |
| Neu | tzijib /tsihib/ | tsijib /tsihiɓ/ | achʼ /atʃʼ/ | achʼ /atʃʼ/ | — | yajkʼachil /jahkʼatʃil/ | túumben /tuːmben/ |
| Rot | chäk /tʃɨk/ | chächäk /tʃɨtʃɨk/ | tsajal /tsahal/ | chak /tʃak/ | chäk /tʃɨk/ | chak /tʃak/ | chak /tʃak/ |
| Weiß | säk /sæk/ | säsäk /sɨsɨk/ | sak /sak/ | sak /sak/ | säk /sək/ | sak /sak/ | sak /sak/ |
| Schwarz | ikʼ /ikʼ/ | iʼikʼ /iʔikʼ/ | ijkʼal /ihkʼal/ | ikʼ /ikʼ/ | — | kʼikʼ /kʼikʼ/ | box /boʃ/ |
| Grün | yäx /jɨʃ/ | yäjyäx /jɨhjɨʃ/ | yax /jaʃ/ | yax /jaʃ/ | yaʼax /jaʔaʃ/ | yaʼax /jaʔaʃ/ | yaʼax /jaʔaʃ/ |
| Blau | yäx /jɨʃ/ | yäjyäx /jɨhjɨʃ/ | yax /jaʃ/ | yax /jaʃ/ | — | yaʼax /jaʔaʃ/ | yaʼax /jaʔaʃ/ |
| Orange | aranxax /aranʃaʃ/ | alaxax /alaʃaʃ/ | alaxax /alaʃaʃ/ | — | — | naranja /naranha/ | pakʼáal /pakʼaːl/ |
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