Lakty'añ
Chol
Maya
Chol (Ch'ol, autonym Lakty'añ) ist eine cholanische Maya-Sprache aus Chiapas, Mexiko. Die Chol bewohnen die Hochlandtäler nördlich von Palenque, in der Nähe der berühmten archäologischen Stätte der klassischen Maya. Sprachwissenschaftlich ist Chol eine Maya-Sprache des cholanischen Zweigs, am engsten verwandt mit der ausgestorbenen klassischen Maya-Literatursprache, die während der Klassischen Periode (250-900 n. Chr.) in Palenque, Yaxchilán und Tikal eingemeißelt wurde. Moderne Chol-Sprecher haben somit eine besondere Verbindung zur hieroglyphischen Tradition der klassischen Maya. Die Chol-Gemeinschaft hat die Sprache trotz der Dominanz des Spanischen bewahrt, mit zweisprachiger Bildung durch das INALI seit den 1990er Jahren.
Wo die Sprache gesprochen wird
Chol: 87 Kernwörter
chocolate
Quellen
Wörter im Vergleich
Verglichen mit verwandten Sprachen: Maya
| Bedeutung | Chol | Tzeltal | Tabasco-Chontal | Klassisches Maya | Tojolabal | Tzotzil | Itzá-Maya |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wasser | jaʼ /haʔ/ | jaʼ /haʔ/ | jaʼ /haʔ/ | haʼ /haʔ/ | jaʼ /haʔ/ | voʼ /voʔ/ | jaʼ /haʔ/ |
| Feuer | kʼajk /kʼahk/ | kʼajkʼ /kʼahkʼ/ | kʼakʼ /kʼakʼ/ | kʼahkʼ /kʼahkʼ/ | kʼakʼ /kʼakʼ/ | kʼokʼ /kʼokʼ/ | kʼakʼ /kʼakʼ/ |
| Sonne | kʼiñ /kʼiɲ/ | kʼajkʼal /kʼahkʼal/ | kʼin /kʼin/ | kʼin /kʼin/ | kʼakʼu /kʼakʼu/ | kʼakʼal /kʼakʼal/ | kʼin /kʼin/ |
| Mond | uw /uw/ | u /u/ | ä /æ/ | uh /uh/ | ixaw /iʃaw/ | u /ʔu/ | uj /uh/ |
| Stern | ekʼ /ʔekʼ/ | ekʼ /ekʼ/ | ekʼ /ʔekʼ/ | ekʼ /eːkʼ/ | kʼanal /kʼanal/ | kʼanal /kʼanal/ | ekʼ /ekʼ/ |
| Nacht | akʼälel /akʼɨlel/ | ajkʼabal /ahkʼaɓal/ | akʼäb /akʼɨb/ | akʼabʼ /akʼaɓ/ | aʼkwal /aʔkʷal/ | akʼubal /akʼubal/ | akʼabʼ /akʼaɓ/ |
| Regen | jaʼal /haʔal/ | jaʼal /haʔal/ | — | haʼal /haʔal/ | — | voʼ /voʔ/ | — |
| Wind | ikʼ /ikʼ/ | ikʼ /ʔikʼ/ | — | ikʼ /ikʼ/ | ikʼ /ʔikʼ/ | ikʼ /ʔikʼ/ | ikʼ /ikʼ/ |
| Erde | lum /lum/ | lum /lum/ | lum /lum/ | kab /kab/ | luʼum /luʔum/ | lum /lum/ | luʼum /luʔum/ |
| Stein | xajlel /ʃahlel/ | ton /ton/ | jiʼtun /hiʔtun/ | tuun /tuːn/ | ton /ton/ | ton /ton/ | tunich /tunitʃ/ |
| Berg | wits /wits/ | wits /wits/ | tzʼik /tsʼik/ | witz /wits/ | wits /wits/ | vits /vits/ | — |
| Meer | ñajb /ɲahɓ/ | mar /mar/ | nab /nab/ | kʼahkʼ nab /kʼahkʼ nab/ | niwan paman jaʼ /niwan paman haʔ/ | nab /naɓ/ | — |
| Mutter | ñaʼ /ɲaʔ/ | meʼ /meʔ/ | naʼ /naʔ/ | naʼ /naʔ/ | nan /nan/ | meʼ /meʔ/ | naʼ /naʔ/ |
| Vater | tat /tat/ | tat /tat/ | tat /tat/ | yuum /juːm/ | tat /tat/ | tot /tot/ | tat /tat/ |
| Tochter | ixikʼal /iʃikʼal/ | antsil nichʼan /antsil nitʃʼan/ | jixik chʼok /hiʃik tʃʼok/ | — | ʼixukil /ʔiʃukil/ | tzeb /tseɓ/ | — |
| Ich | joñoñ /hoɲoɲ/ | joʼon /hoʔon/ | noʼon /noʔon/ | hiin /hiːn/ | keʼn /keʔn/ | voʼon /voʔon/ | ten /ten/ |
| Du | jatyet /hatʲet/ | jaʼat /haʔat/ | neʼet /neʔet/ | hat /hat/ | weʼn /weʔn/ | voʼot /voʔot/ | tech /tetʃ/ |
| Wir | joñonla / joñon lojon /hoɲonla / hoɲon lohon/ | joʼotik / joʼotikon /hoʔotik / hoʔotikon/ | noʼonla /noʔonla/ | — /—/ | keʼntik / keʼntikon /keʔntik / keʔntikon/ | voʼotik / voʼonkutik /voʔotik / voʔonkutik/ | toʼon /toʔon/ |
| Name | kʼabaʼ /kʼaɓaʔ/ | biil /ɓiːl/ | kʼabaʼ /kʼaɓaʔ/ | kʼabaʼ /kʼaˈɓaʔ/ | bʼiʼil /ɓiʔil/ | biil /ɓiːl/ | kʼabaʼ /kʼaɓaʔ/ |
| Mensch | kixtyañu /kiʃtʲaɲu/ | ants winik /ants winik/ | winik /winik/ | winik /winik/ | winkil /winkil/ | krixchano /kriʃtʃano/ | — |
| Kopf | jol /hol/ | jol /hol/ | pam /pam/ | jol /hol/ | ʼolom /ʔolom/ | jolol /holol/ | — |
| Auge | wut /wut/ | sit /sit/ | wich /witʃ/ | ut /ut/ | satej /sateh/ | sat /sat/ | ich /itʃ/ |
| Ohr | chikin /tʃikin/ | chikin /tʃikin/ | chikin /tʃikin/ | chikin /tʃikin/ | chikin /tʃikin/ | chikinil /tʃikinil/ | xikin /ʃikin/ |
| Nase | niʼ /niʔ/ | niʼ /niʔ/ | niʼ /niʔ/ | niʼ /niʔ/ | niʼ /niʔ/ | niʼ /niʔ/ | niʼ /niʔ/ |
| Mund | tiʼ /tiʔ/ | tiʼ /tiʔ/ | tiʼ /tiʔ/ | tiʼ /tiʔ/ | tiʼ /tiʔ/ | e /e/ | chiʼ /tʃiʔ/ |
| Zahn | ej /eh/ | ehal /ehal/ | ej /eh/ | eh /eh/ | ex /eʃ/ | tanal eal /tanal ʔeal/ | koh /koh/ |
| Zunge | äkʼ /ɨkʼ/ | akʼ /akʼ/ | akʼ /akʼ/ | akʼ /akʼ/ | akʼ /akʼ/ | okʼ /ʔokʼ/ | akʼ /akʼ/ |
| Hand | kʼäb /kʼɨɓ/ | kʼab /kʼab/ | kʼäb /kʼɨb/ | kʼab /kʼab/ | kʼabʼ /kʼaɓ/ | kʼob /kʼoɓ/ | kʼab /kʼab/ |
| Fuß | ok /ok/ | ok /ok/ | ok /ok/ | ook /oːk/ | ok /ok/ | okol /ʔokol/ | — |
| Herz | pusʼikʼal /pusʼikʼal/ | oʼtan /oʔtan/ | pixan /piʃan/ | pixan /piʃan/ | altzil /altsil/ | oʼon /ʔoʔon/ | pukʼsikʼal /pukʼsikʼal/ |
| Knochen | bäk /ɓɨk/ | bak /ɓak/ | bak /ɓak/ | baak /ɓaːk/ | bakel /ɓakel/ | bak /ɓak/ | bʼak /ɓak/ |
| Blut | chʼichʼ /tʃʼitʃʼ/ | chʼichʼ /tʃʼitʃʼ/ | chʼichʼ /tʃʼitʃʼ/ | kʼikʼ /kʼikʼ/ | chikʼel /tʃikʼel/ | chʼichʼ /tʃʼitʃʼ/ | kʼikʼ /kʼikʼ/ |
| Kacke | taʼ /taʔ/ | tsaʼ /tsaʔ/ | taʼ /taʔ/ | — | kʼoy /kʼoj/ | tzoʼ /tsoʔ/ | — |
| Liebe | kʼuxbiñ /kʼuʃbiɲ/ | kʼanbey /kʼanbej/ | kʼuxbe /kʼuʃbe/ | yaah /jaːh/ | skʼana /skʼana/ | kʼanel /kʼanel/ | yakunti /jakunti/ |
| Baum | teʼ /teʔ/ | teʼ /teʔ/ | teʼ /teʔ/ | cheʼ /tʃeʔ/ | teʼ /teʔ/ | teʼ /teʔ/ | cheʼ /tʃeʔ/ |
| Hund | tsʼiʼ /tsʼiʔ/ | tsʼiʼ /tsʼiʔ/ | wichuʼ /witʃuʔ/ | peekʼ /peːkʼ/ | tsʼiʼ /tsʼiʔ/ | tzʼiʼ /tsʼiʔ/ | pekʼ /pekʼ/ |
| Katze | mis /mis/ | mis /mis/ | ajmis /ahmis/ | miis /miːs/ | mis /mis/ | mis /mis/ | mis /mis/ |
| Fisch | chäy /tʃɨj/ | chay /tʃaj/ | buchʼ /butʃʼ/ | kay /kaj/ | chay /tʃaj/ | choy /tʃoj/ | käy /kɨj/ |
| Vogel | mut /mut/ | mut /mut/ | mut /mut/ | mut /mut/ | yal chan /jal tʃan/ | mut /mut/ | chʼiichʼ /tʃʼiːtʃʼ/ |
| Schmetterling | pejpem /pehpem/ | pejpen /pehpen/ | ajpempem /ahpempem/ | — | pejpen /pehpen/ | pepen /pepen/ | — |
| Ei | tumut /tumut/ | tomut /tomut/ | säktokʼ /sɨktokʼ/ | — | nolobʼ /noloɓ/ | tanal /tanal/ | jeʼ /heʔ/ |
| Bär | oso /oso/ | oso /oso/ | oso /ˈoso/ | — | oso /oso/ | oso /oso/ | — |
| Pferd | kawayuʼ /kawajuʔ/ | kawu /kawu/ | tzimim /tsimim/ | — | kawu /kawu/ | kaʼ /kaʔ/ | — |
| Haus | otyot /otjot/ | na /na/ | otot /otot/ | otoch /otoːtʃ/ | naj /nah/ | na /na/ | nah /nah/ |
| Milch | chuʼ /tʃuʔ/ | lech /letʃ/ | leche /letʃe/ | — | lech /letʃ/ | lech /letʃ/ | — |
| Honig | chab /tʃaɓ/ | chab /tʃab/ | chab /tʃaɓ/ | — | chab /tʃaɓ/ | ajapom /ahapom/ | — |
| Salz | atsʼam /atsʼam/ | atsʼam /atsʼam/ | atzʼam /atsʼam/ | — | atsʼam /atsʼam/ | atzʼam /atsʼam/ | tab /tab/ |
| Wein | vino /ˈbino/ | vino /bino/ | vino /ˈbino/ | — | yaalel tzʼusub /jaːlel tsʼusub/ | vino /vino/ | — |
| Reis | arus /aɾus/ | — | arroz /aros/ | — | ʼaros /ʔaros/ | aros /aros/ | — |
| Schokolade | chocolate | chocolate | — | — | tsʼanubʼal kakaw /tsʼanuɓal kakaw/ | chokolate /tʃokolate/ | — |
| Seide | seda /seda/ | seda /seda/ | seda /ˈseda/ | — | seda /seda/ | xela /ʃela/ | — |
| Buch | juñ /huɲ/ | jun /hun/ | jun /hun/ | huun /huːn/ | juʼun /huʔun/ | vun /vun/ | Juʼumilxok /huʔumilʃok/ |
| Essen | kʼux /kʼuʃ/ | weʼel /weʔel/ | weʼ /weʔ/ | weʼ /weʔ/ | waʼel /waʔel/ | veʼel /veʔel/ | jant /hant/ |
| Trinken | uchʼ /utʃʼ/ | uchʼel /utʃʼel/ | ukʼe /ukʼe/ | ukʼ /ukʼ/ | ukʼ /ukʼ/ | uchʼ /utʃʼ/ | ukʼ /ukʼ/ |
| Schlafen | wäyel /wɨjel/ | way /waj/ | wäye /wɨje/ | way /waj/ | wayel /wajel/ | vay /vaj/ | wenel /wenel/ |
| Eins | jun /hun/ | jun /hun/ | un /un/ | jun /hun/ | jun /hun/ | jun /hun/ | jun /hun/ |
| Zwei | chaʼ /tʃaʔ/ | cheb /tʃeb/ | chaʼ /tʃaʔ/ | chaʼ /tʃaʔ/ | chabʼ /tʃaɓ/ | chib /tʃiɓ/ | kaʼ /kaʔ/ |
| Drei | uxpʼejl /uʃpʼehl/ | oxeb /oʃeb/ | ux /uʃ/ | ox /oʃ/ | oxe /oʃe/ | oxib /ʔoʃiɓ/ | ox /oʃ/ |
| Vier | chämpʼejl /tʃɨmpʼehl/ | chaneb /tʃaneb/ | chan /tʃan/ | kan /kan/ | chane /tʃane/ | chanib /tʃaniɓ/ | kan /kan/ |
| Fünf | joʼ /hoʔ/ | joʼeb /hoʔeɓ/ | joʼ /hoʔ/ | hoʼ /hoʔ/ | joʼe /hoʔe/ | voʼob /voʔoɓ/ | — |
| Hundert | joʼkʼal /hoʔkʼal/ | joʼ winik /hoʔ winik/ | cien /sjen/ | — | joʼ winkeʼ /hoʔ winkeʔ/ | joʼvinik /hoʔvinik/ | — |
| Hallo | kabʼ /kaɓ/ | banti winik /banti winik/ | bin a bel /bin a bel/ | bix a beel /biʃ a beːl/ | lekilukʼ /lekilukʼ/ | kʼusi avokoluk /kʼusi avokoluk/ | bʼix a tʼan /biʃ a tʼan/ |
| Danke | wokolix awälä /wokoliʃ awɨlɨ/ | wokol awal /wokol awal/ | dios boʼtik /dios boʔtik/ | nibʼoolal /nibʼoːlal/ | yuj /juh/ | kolaval /kolaval/ | dios bʼotik /dios botik/ |
| Gut | utsʼat /utsʼat/ | lek /lek/ | tsʼak /tsʼak/ | utz /uts/ | lek /lek/ | lek /lek/ | malobʼ /malob/ |
| Neu | tsijib /tsihiɓ/ | achʼ /atʃʼ/ | tzijib /tsihib/ | achʼ /atʃʼ/ | yajkʼachil /jahkʼatʃil/ | achʼ /atʃʼ/ | — |
| Rot | chächäk /tʃɨtʃɨk/ | tsajal /tsahal/ | chäk /tʃɨk/ | chak /tʃak/ | chak /tʃak/ | tzajal /tsahal/ | chäk /tʃɨk/ |
| Weiß | säsäk /sɨsɨk/ | sak /sak/ | säk /sæk/ | sak /sak/ | sak /sak/ | sak /sak/ | säk /sək/ |
| Schwarz | iʼikʼ /iʔikʼ/ | ijkʼal /ihkʼal/ | ikʼ /ikʼ/ | ikʼ /ikʼ/ | kʼikʼ /kʼikʼ/ | ikʼal /ikʼal/ | — |
| Grün | yäjyäx /jɨhjɨʃ/ | yax /jaʃ/ | yäx /jɨʃ/ | yax /jaʃ/ | yaʼax /jaʔaʃ/ | yaxal /jaʃal/ | yaʼax /jaʔaʃ/ |
| Blau | yäjyäx /jɨhjɨʃ/ | yax /jaʃ/ | yäx /jɨʃ/ | yax /jaʃ/ | yaʼax /jaʔaʃ/ | yox /joʃ/ | — |
| Computer | computadora /komputadoɾa/ | komputadora /komputadora/ | — | — | computadora /komputadora/ | komputadora /komputadora/ | — |
| Tee | té /te/ | té /te/ | — | — | té /te/ | te /te/ | — |
| Kaffee | kajpe /kahpe/ | kajpel /kahpel/ | — | — | kajpe /kahpe/ | kajve /kahve/ | — |
| Zucker | asukal /asukal/ | sakil asukal /sakil asukal/ | — | — | sakal askal /sakal ʔaskal/ | asuka /ʔasuka/ | chʼuuk /tʃʼuːk/ |
| Orange | alaxax /alaʃaʃ/ | alaxax /alaʃaʃ/ | aranxax /aranʃaʃ/ | — | naranja /naranha/ | alaxa /alaʃa/ | — |
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