Vlaheşte
Meglenorumänisch
Indogermanisch
Das Meglenorumänische (Vlaheşte, „walachische Rede“) ist eine der vier ostromanischen Sprachen, die drittkleinste nach dem (heute fast ausgestorbenen) Istrorumänischen. Es wird im Meglen-Tal beiderseits der Grenze zwischen Griechenland und Nordmazedonien von etwa 5.000 ethnischen Walachen gesprochen. Das Meglenorumänische geht auf dieselben mittelalterlichen Walachenwanderungen zurück, die auch das Aromunische (rup) hervorbrachten, doch siedelten sich seine Sprecher weiter östlich im mazedonischen Hochland an. Sprachlich teilt das Meglenorumänische ostromanische Merkmale mit dem Rumänischen (nachgestellter bestimmter Artikel, charakteristische Kasusmorphologie, slawische Wortentlehnungen), jedoch mit erheblichem bulgarisch-mazedonisch-slawischem Einfluss. Die UNESCO stuft es als ernsthaft gefährdet ein, da die Weitergabe zwischen den Generationen weitgehend verloren ist.
Wo die Sprache gesprochen wird
Meglenorumänisch: 87 Kernwörter
Quellen
Wörter im Vergleich
Verglichen mit verwandten Sprachen: Indogermanisch
| Bedeutung | Meglenorumänisch | Aromunisch | Rumänisch | Interlingue | Korsisch | Sizilianisch | Italienisch der Dante-Zeit |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wasser | apâ /ˈapɨ/ | apã /ˈapə/ | apă /apə/ | aqua /ˈakwa/ | acqua /ˈakwa/ | acqua /ˈakkwa/ | acqua /ˈakːwa/ |
| Feuer | foc /fok/ | foc /fok/ | foc /fok/ | foy /foj/ | focu /ˈfɔku/ | focu /ˈfɔku/ | foco /ˈfɔko/ |
| Sonne | soari /ˈsoari/ | soare /ˈso̯are/ | soare /so̯are/ | sole /ˈsole/ | sole /ˈsɔle/ | suli /ˈsuli/ | sole /ˈsole/ |
| Mond | lunâ /ˈlunɨ/ | lunã /ˈlunə/ | lună /lunə/ | lune /ˈlune/ | luna /ˈluna/ | luna /ˈluna/ | luna /ˈluna/ |
| Stern | steauã /ˈste̯awə/ | steauã /ˈste̯awə/ | stea /ste̯a/ | stelle /ˈstele/ | stella /ˈstella/ | stidda /ˈstɪɖːa/ | stella /ˈstella/ |
| Nacht | noapti /ˈnwapti/ | noapti /ˈnwapti/ | noapte /ˈno̯apte/ | nocte /ˈnokte/ | notte /ˈnɔtːe/ | notti /ˈnɔtti/ | notte /ˈnotte/ |
| Regen | ploai /ploaj/ | ploai /ˈplo̯ai/ | ploaie /ˈploaje/ | pluvie /ˈpluvie/ | pioggia /ˈpjɔdʒa/ | chiuvuta /kjuˈvuta/ | piova /ˈpjɔːva/ |
| Schnee | neauă /ˈne̯awə/ | neauã /ˈne̯awə/ | zăpadă /zəpadə/ | nive /ˈnive/ | neve /ˈneve/ | nivi /ˈniːvi/ | neve /ˈneve/ |
| Wind | vint /vint/ | vimtu /ˈvimtu/ | vânt /vɨnt/ | vent /vent/ | ventu /ˈventu/ | ventu /ˈvɛntu/ | vento /ˈvɛnto/ |
| Erde | pãmãntu /pəˈmɨntu/ | pãmãntu /pəˈmɨntu/ | pământ /pəˈmɨnt/ | terre /ˈtere/ | terra /ˈtɛrra/ | terra /ˈtɛrra/ | terra /ˈtɛrra/ |
| Stein | cheatră /ˈca̯atrə/ | cheatrã /ˈce̯atrə/ | piatră /ˈpjatrə/ | petre /ˈpetre/ | petra /ˈpɛtra/ | petra /ˈpɛːtra/ | pietra /ˈpjɛtra/ |
| Berg | munti /ˈmunti/ | munti /ˈmunti/ | munte /ˈmunte/ | monte /ˈmonte/ | muntagna /munˈtaɲɲa/ | muntagna /munˈtaɲɲa/ | montagna /monˈtaɲɲa/ |
| Meer | mari /ˈmari/ | amari /aˈmari/ | mare /ˈmare/ | mar /mar/ | mare /ˈmare/ | mari /ˈmari/ | mare /ˈmare/ |
| Mutter | mumâ /ˈmumɨ/ | mumã /ˈmumə/ | mamă /mamə/ | matre /ˈmatre/ | mamma /ˈmamma/ | matri /ˈmatri/ | madre /ˈmaːdre/ |
| Vater | tatâ /ˈtatɨ/ | tatã /ˈtatə/ | tată /tatə/ | patre /ˈpatre/ | babbu /ˈbabːu/ | patri /ˈpatri/ | padre /ˈpaːdre/ |
| Tochter | il'ă /ˈiʎə/ | hilje /ˈhiʎe/ | fiică /ˈfijkə/ | filia /ˈfilia/ | figliola /fiʎˈʎola/ | figghia /ˈfiɟɟa/ | figlia /ˈfiʎʎa/ |
| Ich | io /jo/ | io /jo/ | eu /jew/ | yo /jo/ | eiu /ˈɛju/ | iu /ju/ | io /ˈio/ |
| Du | tu /tu/ | tu /tu/ | tu /tu/ | tu /tu/ | tù /tu/ | tu /tu/ | tu /tu/ |
| Wir | noi /noj/ | noi /noj/ | noi /noj/ | noi /noi/ | noi /ˈnoi/ | nuàutri /nuˈawtri/ | noi /ˈnoi/ |
| Name | numi /ˈnumi/ | numã /ˈnumə/ | nume /ˈnume/ | nómine /ˈnomine/ | nome /ˈnome/ | nomu /ˈnɔmu/ | nome /ˈnoːme/ |
| Mensch | uom /wom/ | om /om/ | persoană /persoˈanə/ | person /perˈson/ | persona /perˈsona/ | pirsuna /pirˈsuna/ | persona /perˈsona/ |
| Kopf | cap /kap/ | cap /kap/ | cap /kap/ | cap /kap/ | capu /ˈkapu/ | testa /ˈtɛsta/ | testa /ˈtɛsta/ |
| Auge | ocl /okl/ | oclju /ˈokʎu/ | ochi /okʲ/ | ocul /ˈokul/ | ochju /ˈɔcu/ | occhiu /ˈɔkkju/ | occhio /ˈɔkːjo/ |
| Ohr | ureaclji /uˈrjakʎi/ | ureaclji /uˈrjakʎi/ | ureche /uˈreke/ | orel /oˈrel/ | arechja /aˈrɛca/ | aricchia /aˈrikkja/ | orecchio /oˈrɛkkjo/ |
| Nase | nas /nas/ | nari /ˈnari/ | nas /nas/ | nase /ˈnaze/ | nasu /ˈnazu/ | nasu /ˈnaːsu/ | naso /ˈnaso/ |
| Mund | gură /ˈɡurə/ | gurã /ˈɡurə/ | gură /ˈɡurə/ | bocca /ˈbokka/ | bocca /ˈbɔkka/ | vucca /ˈvukka/ | bocca /ˈbokka/ |
| Zahn | dinti /ˈdinti/ | dinti /ˈdinti/ | dinte /ˈdinte/ | dent /dent/ | dente /ˈdɛnte/ | denti /ˈdɛnti/ | dente /ˈdente/ |
| Zunge | limbă /ˈlimbə/ | limbã /ˈlimbə/ | limbă /ˈlimbə/ | lingue /ˈliŋɡue/ | lingua /ˈliŋɡwa/ | lingua /ˈlinɡwa/ | lingua /ˈliŋɡwa/ |
| Hand | mǫnă /mɔnə/ | mãnã /ˈmənə/ | mână /mɨnə/ | manu /ˈmanu/ | manu /ˈmanu/ | manu /ˈmanu/ | mano /ˈmano/ |
| Fuß | picior /pitʃor/ | cicior /tʃiˈtʃor/ | picior /piˈtʃor/ | pede /ˈpede/ | pede /ˈpɛde/ | pedi /ˈpɛdi/ | piede /ˈpjɛde/ |
| Herz | inima /ˈinima/ | inimã /ˈinimə/ | inimă /inimə/ | cordie /ˈkordie/ | core /ˈkɔre/ | cori /ˈkɔri/ | core /ˈkɔre/ |
| Knochen | uos /wos/ | os /os/ | os /os/ | osse /ˈosse/ | ossu /ˈɔssu/ | ossu /ˈɔssu/ | osso /ˈɔsːo/ |
| Blut | sănzi /ˈsɨnzi/ | sãndzi /ˈsɨndzi/ | sânge /ˈsɨndʒe/ | sangue /ˈsaŋɡue/ | sangue /ˈsaŋɡwe/ | sangu /ˈsaŋɡu/ | sangue /ˈsaŋɡwe/ |
| Liebe | ublami /ˈublami/ | vreari /ˈvreari/ | iubire /jubire/ | amore /aˈmore/ | amore /aˈmɔre/ | amuri /aˈmuri/ | amore /aˈmore/ |
| Baum | lemnu /lemnu/ | arbur /ˈarbur/ | copac /kopak/ | árbor /ˈarbor/ | arburu /ˈarburu/ | àrbulu /ˈarbulu/ | albero /ˈalbero/ |
| Hund | câni /ˈkɨni/ | cãni /ˈkɨni/ | câine /kɨine/ | cane /ˈkane/ | cane /ˈkane/ | cani /ˈkani/ | cane /ˈkane/ |
| Katze | mâța /ˈmɨtsa/ | cãtushi /kəˈtuʃi/ | pisică /pisikə/ | cat /kat/ | ghjattu /ˈɟattu/ | jattu /ˈjattu/ | gatto /ˈɡatːo/ |
| Fisch | peaști /ˈpe̯aʃti/ | pescu /ˈpesku/ | pește /ˈpeʃte/ | pisc /pisk/ | pesciu /ˈpeʃu/ | pisci /ˈpiʃi/ | pesce /ˈpeʃʃe/ |
| Vogel | pul' /pulʲ/ | pulju /ˈpuʎu/ | pasăre /ˈpasəre/ | avie /ˈavie/ | uccellu /utˈtʃɛllu/ | aceddu /aˈtʃɛɖːu/ | uccello /utˈtʃɛlːo/ |
| Schmetterling | pipirugă /pipiˈruɡə/ | flituru /ˈflituru/ | fluture /ˈfluture/ | papilion /papiliˈon/ | farfalla /farˈfalla/ | parpagghiuni /parpaɟˈɟuni/ | farfalla /farˈfalla/ |
| Ei | ou /ow/ | ou /ow/ | ou /ow/ | ove /ˈove/ | ovu /ˈɔvu/ | ovu /ˈɔvu/ | uovo /ˈwɔːvo/ |
| Pferd | cal /kal/ | cal /kal/ | cal /kal/ | cavalle /kaˈvale/ | cavallu /kaˈvallu/ | cavaddu /kaˈvaɖːu/ | cavallo /kaˈvallo/ |
| Haus | casa /ˈkasa/ | casã /ˈkasə/ | casă /kasə/ | dom /dom/ | casa /ˈkaza/ | casa /ˈkasa/ | casa /ˈkasa/ |
| Milch | lapti /ˈlapti/ | lapti /ˈlapti/ | lapte /ˈlapte/ | lacte /ˈlakte/ | latte /ˈlatte/ | latti /ˈlatti/ | latte /ˈlatte/ |
| Honig | m'ari /mʲari/ | njari /ˈɲari/ | miere /ˈmjere/ | miel /miˈel/ | mele /ˈmɛle/ | meli /ˈmɛli/ | miele /ˈmjɛːle/ |
| Salz | sari /ˈsari/ | sare /ˈsare/ | sare /ˈsare/ | sale /ˈsale/ | sale /ˈsale/ | sali /ˈsali/ | sale /ˈsale/ |
| Wein | vin /vin/ | yin /jin/ | vin /vin/ | vin /vin/ | vinu /ˈvinu/ | vinu /ˈvinu/ | vino /ˈvino/ |
| Reis | uriz /uˈriz/ | urizu /uˈrizu/ | orez /oˈrez/ | ris /ris/ | risu /ˈrizu/ | risu /ˈrizu/ | — |
| Eisen | ier /jer/ | her /her/ | fier /fjer/ | ferre /ˈfere/ | ferru /ˈfɛrru/ | ferru /ˈfɛrru/ | ferro /ˈfɛrro/ |
| Rad | roată /ˈroatə/ | aroatã /aˈro̯atə/ | roată /ˈroatə/ | rote /ˈrote/ | rota /ˈrɔta/ | rota /ˈrɔːta/ | rota /ˈrɔta/ |
| Seide | mătasi /məˈtasi/ | mãtasi /məˈtasi/ | mătase /məˈtase/ | seta /ˈseta/ | seta /ˈseta/ | sita /ˈsita/ | seta /ˈseta/ |
| Essen | mâcari /mɨˈkari/ | mâcari /mɨˈkari/ | a mânca /a mɨnka/ | manjar /manˈʒar/ | manghjà /manˈɟa/ | manciari /manˈtʃari/ | mangiare /manˈdʒare/ |
| Trinken | beari /ˈbeari/ | beari /ˈbeari/ | a bea /a be̯a/ | trincar /trinˈkar/ | beie /ˈbeje/ | vìviri /ˈviviri/ | bevere /ˈbevere/ |
| Schlafen | durmiri /durˈmiri/ | dormu /ˈdormu/ | a dormi /a dorˈmi/ | dormir /dorˈmir/ | durmì /durˈmi/ | dòrmiri /ˈdɔrmɪrɪ/ | dormire /dorˈmire/ |
| Eins | unu /ˈunu/ | unu /ˈunu/ | unu /unu/ | un /un/ | unu /ˈunu/ | unu /ˈunu/ | uno /ˈuno/ |
| Zwei | doi /doj/ | doi /doj/ | doi /doj/ | du /du/ | dui /ˈdui/ | dui /ˈduɪ/ | due /ˈduːe/ |
| Drei | trei /trej/ | trei /trej/ | trei /trej/ | tri /tri/ | trè /trɛ/ | tri /tri/ | tre /tre/ |
| Vier | patru /ˈpatru/ | patru /ˈpatru/ | patru /ˈpatru/ | quar /kwar/ | quattru /ˈkwatːru/ | quattru /ˈkwattru/ | quattro /ˈkwatːro/ |
| Fünf | ținț /tsints/ | tsintsi /ˈtsintsi/ | cinci /tʃintʃʲ/ | quin /kwin/ | cinque /ˈtʃiŋkwe/ | cincu /ˈtʃiŋku/ | cinque /ˈtʃiŋkwe/ |
| Hundert | sută /ˈsutə/ | sutã /ˈsutə/ | sută /ˈsutə/ | cent /tsent/ | centu /ˈtʃɛntu/ | centu /ˈtʃɛntu/ | cento /ˈtʃɛnto/ |
| Hallo | ubavu /uˈbavu/ | bunâ-vã ziuâ /ˈbunɨ vɨ ˈziwɨ/ | salut /salut/ | salute /saˈlute/ | salute /saˈlute/ | salutamu /salutamu/ | salute /saˈlute/ |
| Danke | hăirau /hɨiˈrau/ | haristo /hariˈsto/ | mulțumesc /multsumesk/ | mersí /merˈsi/ | grazie /ˈɡratsje/ | grazii /ˈɡrattsii/ | mercede /merˈtʃede/ |
| Gut | bunu /ˈbunu/ | bun /bun/ | bun /bun/ | bon /bon/ | bonu /ˈbɔnu/ | bonu /ˈbɔnu/ | buono /ˈbwɔno/ |
| Neu | nou /now/ | nou /now/ | nou /now/ | nov /nov/ | novu /ˈnɔvu/ | novu /ˈnɔvu/ | novo /ˈnɔvo/ |
| Rot | roș /roʃ/ | arosh /aˈroʃ/ | roșu /ˈroʃu/ | rubi /ˈrubi/ | rossu /ˈrossu/ | russu /ˈrussu/ | rosso /ˈrosso/ |
| Weiß | alb /alb/ | albu /ˈalbu/ | alb /alb/ | blanc /blaŋk/ | biancu /ˈbjaŋku/ | biancu /ˈbjaŋku/ | bianco /ˈbjaŋko/ |
| Schwarz | negru /ˈneɡru/ | negru /ˈneɡru/ | negru /ˈneɡru/ | nigri /ˈniɡri/ | neru /ˈneru/ | nìuru /ˈniuru/ | nero /ˈnero/ |
| Grün | veardi /ˈve̯ardi/ | veardi /ˈve̯ardi/ | verde /ˈverde/ | verd /verd/ | verde /ˈverde/ | virdi /ˈvɪrdɪ/ | verde /ˈverde/ |
| Kuckuck | cuc /kuk/ | cuc /kuk/ | cuc /kuk/ | cucú /kuˈku/ | cuccu /ˈkukku/ | cuccu /ˈkukku/ | cucco /ˈkukko/ |
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