Vāx
Wa
Austroasiatisch (Palaungic)
Wa (Vāx) ist die größte palaungische Sprache und die dominante Sprache des de-facto unabhängigen Wa-Staats in Myanmar. Nicht-tonal (ungewöhnlich für die Region), reichhaltige Konsonantencluster und glottale Schlusssilben.
Wo die Sprache gesprochen wird
Wa: 87 Kernwörter
Quellen
- Wa Bible, Wa Common Language Translation (bible.com version 325 WCL), spelling of every cell; Justin Watkins 2013, Dictionary of Wa, with translations into English, Burmese and Chinese (Leiden: Brill; online database, SOAS Wa Dictionary Project, humancomp.org/wadict), glosses and IPA (its "Wa-MM" headwords = the Bible orthography, colons aside)
Wörter im Vergleich
Verglichen mit verwandten Sprachen: Austroasiatisch (Palaungic)
| Bedeutung | Wa | Parauk-Wa-Sprache | Ost-Lawa | Khmu | Rumai-De'ang | Uraustroasiatisch | Schwe-Palaung |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wasser | rawm /rɔm/ | rom /rɔm/ | lʼauem /lᵊʔaɨ̯m/ | ʔom /ʔom/ | Ɂəm /ʔəm/ | *ɗaːk /ɗaːk/ | ʔoːm /ʔoːm/ |
| Feuer | ngu /ŋu/ | ngū /ŋṳ/ | ngoa /ŋɔ/ | pʰrɨə /pʰrɨə/ | ŋaiɁ /ŋaiʔ/ | *ʔuːs /ʔuːs/ | ŋər /ŋar/ |
| Sonne | singaix /siŋaiʔ/ | si ngāix /siŋa̤iʔ/ | sngaiʼ /sᵊŋajˀ/ | mat briʔ /mat briʔ/ | saŋaj /saŋaj/ | *tŋiːʔ /tŋiːʔ/ | səŋi /saŋiː/ |
| Mond | khix /kʰiʔ/ | kix /kʰiʔ/ | kheʼ /kʰeʔ/ | moŋ /moŋ/ | pakjəː /pakjəː/ | *khe(ː)ʔ /kheːʔ/ | plaŋ kiər /plaŋ kiər/ |
| Stern | simuing /simʔuɲ/ | sim uing /sim ʔuɲ/ | sboeng /sᵊɓəŋ/ | sərmeɲ /sərmeɲ/ | laːw /laːw/ | *smʔaɲ /smʔaɲ/ | səmiŋ /səmiŋ/ |
| Nacht | ponsawm /ponsɔm/ | som /sɔm/ | ma sauem /ma saɨ̯m/ | psɨəm /psɨəm/ | kasəm /kasəm/ | *cəːm /cəːm/ | hmɯ /m̥ɯ/ |
| Regen | lhiex /l̥ɛʔ/ | hliex /lʰɛʔ/ | hlaiʼ /l̥ajˀ/ | kəmaʔ /kəmaʔ/ | klaːj /klaːj/ | *gmaʔ /ɡmaʔ/ | ɟuŋ /ɟuŋ/ |
| Schnee | rhax /r̥aʔ/ | hra /rʰa/ | — | — | — | — | — |
| Wind | bhaung /bʰaɯŋ/ | npaeng /bʰaɯŋ/ | kaue /kaɨ̯/ | hndrəːj /hndrəːj/ | khuː /kʰuː/ | *kjɔʔ /kjɔʔ/ | khuːr /kʰuːr/ |
| Erde | tiex /tɛʔ/ | diex /tɛʔ/ | — | pteʔ /pteʔ/ | kataːj /kataːj/ | *tiʔ /tiʔ/ | kəɗɛː /kəɗɛː/ |
| Stein | simaox /simauʔ/ | si māox /sima̤uʔ/ | smoʼ /sᵊmoʔ/ | glaŋ /ɡlaŋ/ | maːw /maːw/ | *tmɔʔ /tmɔʔ/ | mo /mo/ |
| Berg | gawng /ɡɔŋ/ | mgōng /ɡɔ̤ŋ/ | moa /mɔ/ | mok /mok/ | kɔŋ /kɔŋ/ | *bruʔ /bruʔ/ | sor /sor/ |
| Meer | rawm sigrit sigra /rɔm siɡrit siɡra/ | rom si mgrid si mgra /rɔm siɡrit siɡra/ | — | — | — | — | — |
| Mutter | miex /mɛʔ/ | mīex /mɛ̤ʔ/ | maʼ /maʔ/ | maʔ /maʔ/ | — /—/ | *maʔ /maʔ/ | ma /ma/ |
| Vater | keeing /kɯɲ/ | geeing /kɯɲ/ | pueaʼ /pɨaʔ/ | joŋ /joŋ/ | — /—/ | *ɓa(ː)ʔ /ɓaːʔ/ | kun /kun/ |
| Tochter | kawn bun /kɔn bun/ | gon nbun /kɔn bun/ | — | — | — | — | — |
| Ich | aux /ʔaɯʔ/ | aex /ʔaɯʔ/ | ʔoʔ /ʔoʔ/ | oʔ /ʔoʔ/ | Ɂaw /ʔaw/ | *ʔaɲ /ʔaɲ/ | ʔɔ /ʔɔ/ |
| Du | maix /maiʔ/ | maix /maiʔ/ | maiʔ /maiʔ/ | meʔ /meʔ/ | maj /maj/ | *miːʔ /miːʔ/ | mi /miː/ |
| Wir | ix /ʔiʔ/ | eix / ix /ʔeʔ / ʔiʔ/ | ʔɛ /ʔɛ/ | iʔ /ʔiʔ/ | — /—/ | *hiːʔ /hiːʔ/ | ʔɛ / jɛ /ʔɛ / jɛ/ |
| Name | ceu kaux /tɕɤ kaɯʔ/ | jē gaex /tɕɤ̤ kaɯʔ/ | yum /jɔm/ | sŋməh /sŋməh/ | ʨɨː /tɕɨː/ | *ɟmuh /ɟmuh/ | ʨɨː /ʨɨː/ |
| Mensch | pui /pui/ | būi /pṳi/ | pui /puj/ | gon /ɡon/ | taɁiː /taʔiː/ | *m-raʔ /mraʔ/ | bi /bi/ |
| Kopf | kaing: /kaɲ/ | gaing /kaɲ/ | kany /kaɲ/ | kəmpoŋ /kəmpoŋ/ | kən /kən/ | *ɓoːkʔ /ɓoːkʔ/ | kiŋ /kiŋ/ |
| Auge | ngai /ŋai/ | ngai /ŋai/ | ʼia /ʔia̯/ | mat /mat/ | ŋaːj /ŋaːj/ | *mat /mat/ | ŋaj /ŋaːj/ |
| Ohr | yhaok /j̊auk/ | hyaog /ʑʰauk/ | — | rəməj /rəməj/ | ʨhok /tɕʰok/ | *Ctoːr /Ctoːr/ | hjɔʔ /hjɔʔ/ |
| Nase | meeih /mɯih/ | mēeih /mɯ̤ih/ | maueh /maɨ̯h/ | muh /muh/ | kaduŋmuh /kaduŋmuh/ | *muh /muh/ | kɔŋmuh /kɔŋmuh/ |
| Mund | jheeh /dʑʰɯih/ | nqeeih /dʑʰɯih/ | ʼmboam /ʔᵊᵐbɔm/ | tənɔh /tənɔh/ | mojɁ /mojʔ/ | *miəŋʔ /miəŋʔ/ | mur /mur/ |
| Zahn | rhang /r̥aŋ/ | hrang /rʰaŋ/ | pioeng /piə̯ŋ/ | hraŋ /hraŋ/ | xaːŋ /xaːŋ/ | *lmVɲ /lməɲ/ | hraŋ /r̥aːŋ/ |
| Zunge | dak /dak/ | ndag /dak/ | tak /tak/ | həntak /həntak/ | sataɁ /sataʔ/ | *lntaːk /lntaːk/ | kərta /kərɗaʔ/ |
| Hand | taix /taiʔ/ | daix /taiʔ/ | miŋ /miŋ/ | tiʔ /tiʔ/ | taiɁ /taiʔ/ | *tiːʔ /tiːʔ/ | ti /ɗiː/ |
| Fuß | caong /tʃaɔŋ/ | jāong /tɕa̤uŋ/ | cuang /cua̯ŋ/ | krwɛh /krwɛh/ | ʥɔːn /dʑɔːn/ | *ɟəːŋ /ɟəːŋ/ | ɟɯŋ /ɟɯŋ/ |
| Herz | rhawm /r̥ɔm/ | hrom /rʰɔm/ | kavüa /kavɨa/ | tlɔːm ŋok /tlɔːm ŋok/ | poŋkanɔh /poŋkanɔh/ | *nuːɕ /nuːɕ/ | nuər /nuər/ |
| Knochen | si-ang /siʔaŋ/ | si ang /siʔaŋ/ | sʼang /sᵊʔaŋ/ | cʼaaŋ /tʃʔaːŋ/ | kaɁaːŋ /kaʔaːŋ/ | *cʔaːŋ /cʔaːŋ/ | kəʔaŋ /kaʔaːŋ/ |
| Blut | nham /n̥am/ | hnam /nʰam/ | hnam /n̥am/ | maːm /maːm/ | n̥aːm /n̥aːm/ | *mham /mham/ | hnam /n̥aːm/ |
| Kacke | aing /ʔaɲ/ | aing /ʔaɲ/ | ʼioeng /ʔiə̯ŋ/ | — | — | *ʔicʔ /ʔicʔ/ | — |
| Liebe | moh /moh/ | mōuh /mo̤h/ | kruŋ /kɾuŋ/ | kɔɔh /kɔːh/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | ʔoŋ /ʔoŋ/ |
| Baum | khaox /kʰauʔ/ | kaox /kʰauʔ/ | khoʼ /kʰoʔ/ | sʔɔːŋ /sʔɔːŋ/ | taŋhɔj /taŋhɔj/ | *ɟɕɨːʔ /ɟɕɨːʔ/ | tiŋ he /tiŋ he/ |
| Hund | sox /soʔ/ | soux /soʔ/ | souʼ /sɒʔ/ | sɔʔ /sɔʔ/ | sow /sow/ | *cɔː /cɔː/ | sɔ /sɔ/ |
| Katze | miao: /miau/ | miao /miau/ | mai /mai/ | mɛːw /mɛːw/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | ʔəŋaw /ʔəŋaw/ |
| Fisch | kax /kaʔ/ | gax /kaʔ/ | kaʼ /kaʔ/ | kaʼ /kaʔ/ | kaː /kaː/ | *kaʔ /kaʔ/ | ka /kaː/ |
| Vogel | sim /sim/ | sim /sim/ | sany /saɲ/ | sim /sim/ | siːm /siːm/ | *ciːm /ciːm/ | sim /sim/ |
| Schmetterling | pung piang /puŋ piaŋ/ | būng bīang /pṳŋ pi̤aŋ/ | mbung mbang /ᵐbuŋ ᵐbaŋ/ | tlaːmpaːm /tlaːmpaːm/ | — | — | kərla /kərla/ |
| Ei | tawm ia /tɔm ʔia/ | dom /tɔm/ | toum /tɒm/ | kədoŋ /kədoŋ/ | bəːn /bəːn/ | *ktam /ktam/ | kadam /kaɗam/ |
| Bär | krih /krih/ | grih /krih/ | khleh /kʰleh/ | huəl /huəl/ | — | — | khrer /kʰrer/ |
| Pferd | brung /bruŋ/ | nbrūng /brṳŋ/ | — | — | — | — | brəŋ /brəŋ/ |
| Haus | nyiex /ɲiɛʔ/ | nyīex /ɲi̤ɛʔ/ | nyueaʼ /ɲɨa̯ʔ/ | gaːŋ /ɡaːŋ/ | — /—/ | *ɲaːʔ /ɲaːʔ/ | gaŋ /ɡaŋ/ |
| Milch | teeh /tɯih/ | deeih /tɯih/ | — | — | — | — | ʔom bu /ʔom bu/ |
| Honig | rawm hia /rɔm hia/ | rom hia /rɔm hia/ | — | — | — | — | — |
| Salz | kih /kih/ | gīh /ki̤h/ | kih /kih/ | hmaar /hmaːr/ | — | *ɓɔːh /ɓɔːh/ | sɔʔ /sɔʔ/ |
| Wein | rawm plix siiet /rɔm pliʔ siat/ | rom blix siad /rɔm pliʔ siat/ | — | — | — | — | — |
| Reis | gaox /ɡauʔ/ | mgaox /ɡauʔ/ | — | ʰŋɔʔ /ʰŋɔʔ/ | — | *rŋkoːʔ /rŋkoːʔ/ | rəko /rəko/ |
| Eisen | lhek /l̥ek/ | hleig /lʰek/ | hlaec /l̥ɛc/ | cndroh /cndroh/ | — | — | hir /hir/ |
| Rad | ling: /liɲ/ | ling /liɲ/ | — | — | — | — | — /—/ |
| Seide | pre /pre/ | man brēi /man pre̤/ | — | — | — | — | — |
| Buch | phuk lai /pʰuk lai/ | pug lāi /pʰuk la̤i/ | — | pɨːm /pɨːm/ | — | — | boʔok /boʔok/ |
| Essen | ih /ʔih/ | ih /ʔih/ | som /som/ | mah /mah/ | hoːm /hoːm/ | *ɟaː /ɟaː/ | hɔm /hɔm/ |
| Trinken | nyaux /ɲaɯʔ/ | nyāex /ɲa̤ɯʔ/ | nyoʼ /ɲoʔ/ | ʔɨək /ʔɨək/ | ʨoŋ /tɕoŋ/ | *ɲuʔ /ɲuʔ/ | tiəŋ /tiəŋ/ |
| Schlafen | it /ʔit/ | id /ʔit/ | ʼac /ʔac/ | sih /sih/ | ɁiɁ /ʔiʔ/ | *ɓic /ɓic/ | ʔit /ʔit/ |
| Eins | tix /tiʔ/ | dīx /ti̤ʔ/ | teʼ /teʔ/ | moj /moj/ | Ɂuː /ʔuː/ | *muːj /muːj/ | ʔu /ʔu/ |
| Zwei | ra /ra/ | ra /ra/ | lʼa /lᵊʔa/ | baar /baːr/ | Ɂaː /ʔaː/ | *ɓaːr /ɓaːr/ | ʔar /ʔar/ |
| Drei | loe /lɤ/ | loui /loi/ | lʼoi /lᵊʔoj/ | peʼ /peʔ/ | Ɂoj /ʔoj/ | *peʔ /peʔ/ | ʔuəj /ʔuaj/ |
| Vier | pon /pon/ | boun /pon/ | paueng /paɨ̯ŋ/ | pon /pon/ | phon /pʰon/ | *punʔ /punʔ/ | phon /pʰon/ |
| Fünf | phuan /pʰuan/ | puan /pʰuan/ | phuan /pʰua̯n/ | — | — | *pɗam /pɗam/ | phən /pʰən/ |
| Hundert | yieh /jiɛh/ | yīeh /ʑi̤ɛh/ | ʼyuea /ʔᵊjɨa̯/ | — | — | — | pəriah /pəriah/ |
| Hallo | nawp nawm /nɔp nɔm/ | nob nom /nɔp nɔm/ | — /—/ | lɔh /lɔh/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Danke | bwanson /buan son/ | nbuan soun /buan son/ | kop khun /kop kʰun/ | ɔrkun /ʔɔrkun/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Gut | mhawm /m̥ɔm/ | hmom /mʰɔm/ | mac /mac/ | ləʔ /ləʔ/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | laʔ /laʔ/ |
| Neu | khraox /kʰrauʔ/ | kraox /kʰrauʔ/ | khroʼ /kʰroʔ/ | həmmeʔ /həmmeʔ/ | tamaːj /tamaːj/ | *tmeːʔ /tmeːʔ/ | kənmɛ /kənmɛ/ |
| Rot | raoh /rauh/ | raoh /rauh/ | skhrak /sᵊkʰrak/ | jim /jim/ | — /—/ | *roːŋ /roːŋ/ | kho /kʰo/ |
| Weiß | paing /paɲ/ | bāing /pa̤ɲ/ | ping /piŋ/ | klɔɔk /klɔːk/ | Ɂiluj /ʔiluj/ | *ɓɔːk /ɓɔːk/ | blɔʔ /blɔʔ/ |
| Schwarz | lung /luŋ/ | lūng /lṳŋ/ | loang /lɔŋ/ | hiəŋ /hiəŋ/ | Ɂivɔŋ /ʔivɔŋ/ | *Cjoŋ /Cjoŋ/ | jim /jim/ |
| Grün | klai /klai/ | glāi /kla̤i/ | snga /sᵊŋa/ | siw /siw/ | niɨ /niɨ/ | *kciʔ /kciʔ/ | ɲər /ɲər/ |
| Kuckuck | eeppid /ʔɯp pit/ | eeb bīd /ʔɯp pi̤t/ | — | — | — | — | pək tuʔ /pək tuʔ/ |
| Tee | chax /tɕʰaʔ/ | qax /tɕʰaʔ/ | — | — | — | — | — |
| Kaffee | kha: feue: /kʰa fɤi/ | ka feui /kʰa fɤi/ | — | — | — | — | khəpi /kʰəpi/ |
| Zucker | nam oi: /nam ʔɔi/ | nām oi /na̤m ʔɔi/ | — | — | — | — | — |
| 99 | tixdim dim /tiʔdim dim/ | — | — | — | — | — | — |
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