Pangcah
Amis
Austronesiana (East Formosan)
L'amis (pangcah) è la più grande delle lingue austronesiane indigene riconosciute di Taiwan, parlata sulla costa orientale a Hualien e Taitung. A verbo iniziale (VOS), con un sistema di focus che marca i ruoli dei partecipanti sul verbo. Diversi grandi gruppi dialettali (sakizaya, amis settentrionale, centrale, costiero e meridionale). Riconosciuta come lingua nazionale ai sensi dell'Indigenous Languages Development Act del 2017.
Dove si parla
87 parole essenziali in amis
Fonti
Parole a confronto
Confronto con lingue della stessa classificazione: Austronesiana (East Formosan)
| Significato | Amis | Sakizaya | Maranao | Tao | Bunun | Puyuma | Proto-austronesiano |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acqua | nanom /nanom/ | nanum /nanum/ | ig /iɡ/ | ranom /ranom/ | danum /danum/ | enay /enai/ | *daNum /daNum/ |
| Fuoco | namal /namal/ | lamal /lamal/ | apoy /apoj/ | apuy /apuj/ | sapuz /sapuz/ | apuy /apui/ | *Sapuy /Sapuy/ |
| Sole | cidal /tsiðal/ | cidal /tʃidal/ | alongan /aloŋan/ | araw /araw/ | vali /vali/ | kadaw /kadaw/ | *waRi /waRi/ |
| Luna | folad /folað/ | bulad /bulad/ | bolan /bolan/ | vehan /vehan/ | buan /buan/ | bulan /buɭan/ | *bulaN /bulaN/ |
| Stella | foʼis /foʔis/ | boʼis /boʔis/ | bito-on /bitoʔon/ | vituen /vituən/ | bintuhan /bintuhan/ | vituwan /vituwan/ | *bituqen /bituqen/ |
| Notte | lafiʼ /lafiʔ/ | labiʼ /labiʔ/ | gagawiʼi /ɡaɡawiʔi/ | mahep /mahəp/ | labian /labian/ | ʼarmeng /ʔarməŋ/ | *beRŋi /beʀŋi/ |
| Pioggia | ʼorad /ʔorad/ | ʼudad /ʔuðað/ | oran /ʔoran/ | cimoy /tsimoi/ | qudan /qudan/ | ʼudal /ʔudal/ | *quzaN /quzaN/ |
| Neve | soleda^ /soləðaʔ/ | sulda /sulda/ | oran a ilo /ʔoran a ilo/ | — | paav /paav/ | urelra /uɾəla/ | *SuReNa /SuReNa/ |
| Vento | fali /fali/ | baliʼ /baliʔ/ | angin /aŋin/ | pagpag /paɡpaɡ/ | luvluv /luvluv/ | bali /baɭi/ | *bali /bali/ |
| Terra | sera /səra/ | lalaʼ /ɾaɾaʔ/ | lopaʼ /lopaʔ/ | tana /tana/ | dalah /dalah/ | dare /ðarə/ | *taneq /taneq/ |
| Pietra | fakeluh /fakeluh/ | baʼtu /baʔtu/ | wato /wato/ | vato /vato/ | batu /batu/ | barasa /barasa/ | *batu /batu/ |
| Montagna | lutuk /lutuk/ | buyuʼ /bujuʔ/ | palaw /paˈlaw/ | tokon /tokon/ | ludun /ludun/ | zenan /ʐənan/ | *bukij /bukij/ |
| Mare | riyar /rijar/ | bayu /baju/ | ragat /raɡat/ | wawa /wawa/ | ning-av /ŋiŋʔav/ | lrevek /ɭəvək/ | *tenem /tenem/ |
| Madre | ina /ina/ | ina /ina/ | ina /ina/ | ina /ina/ | tina /tina/ | ina /ina/ | *ina /ina/ |
| Padre | ama /ama/ | ama /ama/ | ama /ama/ | ama /ama/ | tama /tama/ | ama /ama/ | *ama /ama/ |
| Figlia | fafahiyan a wawa /fafahijan a wawa/ | tatayna a wawa /tatajna a wawa/ | wataʼ a bebay /wataʔ a bəbaj/ | anak a mavakes /anak a mavakes/ | uvaazpingaz /uvaazpiŋaz/ | walrak na babayan /waɭak na babajan/ | — |
| Io | kako /kako/ | zaku /ʐaku/ | ako /ako/ | yaken /jakən/ | saikin /saikin/ | kuiku /kuiku/ | *aku /aku/ |
| Tu | kiso /kiso/ | kisu /kisu/ | seka /sɵka/ | imo /ʔimo/ | suu /suʔu/ | yu /ju/ | *iSu /iSu/ |
| Noi | kita / kami /kita / kami/ | kita / kami /kita / kami/ | kita / kami /kita / kami/ | yaten / yamen /jatən / jamən/ | kata / kaimin /kata / kaimin/ | taita / mimi /taita / mimi/ | *kita / *kami /kita / kami/ |
| Nome | ngangan /ŋaŋan/ | ngangan /ŋaŋan/ | ngaran /ŋaran/ | ngaran /ŋaran/ | ngaan /ŋaan/ | ngadan /ŋadan/ | *ŋajan /ŋajan/ |
| Persona | tamdaw /tamðaw/ | tademaw /tadəmaw/ | taw /taw/ | tao /tao/ | bunun /bunun/ | trau /ʈau/ | *Cau /tsau/ |
| Testa | tangal /taŋal/ | tangah /taŋah/ | olo /olo/ | oo /oo/ | bungu /buŋu/ | tranguruʼ /ʈaŋuɾuʔ/ | *quluh /quluh/ |
| Occhio | mata /mata/ | mata /mata/ | mata /mata/ | mata /mata/ | mata /mata/ | mata /mata/ | *maCa /maCa/ |
| Orecchio | tangila /taŋila/ | tangilaʼ /taŋilaʔ/ | tangila /taŋila/ | talinga /taˈliŋa/ | tainga /taiŋa/ | tangila /taŋiɭa/ | *Caliŋa /tsaliŋa/ |
| Naso | ngosoʼ /ŋosoʔ/ | cihek /tsihək/ | ngirong /ŋiroŋ/ | momodan /momodan/ | ngutus /ŋutus/ | tingran /tiŋɾan/ | *ujuŋ /ujuŋ/ |
| Bocca | ngoyos /ŋojos/ | laway /lawaj/ | ngariʼ /ŋariʔ/ | ngongoy /ŋoŋoj/ | ngulus /ŋulus/ | indan /indan/ | — |
| Dente | walis /walis/ | ngipən /ŋipən/ | ngipen /ŋipən/ | nepen /nəpən/ | nipun /nipun/ | wali /wali/ | *nipen /nipen/ |
| Lingua | sema /səmaʔ/ | səmaʼ /səmaʔ/ | dilaʼ /dilaʔ/ | lila /lilaʔ/ | mamaʼ /mamaʔ/ | lidam /ɭiɖam/ | *Sema /Sema/ |
| Mano | kamay /kamaj/ | kamay /kamai/ | lima /lima/ | kamay /kamaj/ | ima /ima/ | lima /lima/ | *lima /lima/ |
| Piede | waʼay /waʔaj/ | — | aʼi /aʔi/ | ai /ai/ | bantas /bantas/ | kuy /kui/ | *qaqay /qaqay/ |
| Cuore | falokoʼ /falokoʔ/ | gawang /ɡawaŋ/ | pusoʼ /pusoʔ/ | paso /paso/ | is-ang /isaŋ/ | kalumetan /kalumetan/ | *pusuq /pusuq/ |
| Osso | ʼokak /ʔokak/ | ʼukak /ʔukak/ | tolan /toˈlan/ | toang /toaŋ/ | tuhnaz /tuhnað/ | ukak /ukak/ | *CuqelaN /CuqelaN/ |
| Sangue | remes /rəməs/ | ʼidang /ʔidaŋ/ | rogoʼ /roɡoʔ/ | rala /ralaʔ/ | haidang /haidaŋ/ | damuk /damuk/ | *daRaq /daRaq/ |
| Cacca | tayiʼ /tajiʔ/ | taiʼ /taiʔ/ | taʼi /taʔi/ | obot /obot/ | taki /taki/ | traʼi /ʈaʔi/ | *Caqi /tsaqi/ |
| Amore | maolah /maolah/ | maolah /maolah/ | kalimo /kalimo/ | makakdeng /makakdəŋ/ | madaidaz /madaidaz/ | ulaw /ulaw/ | — /—/ |
| Albero | kilang /kilaŋ/ | kilang /kilaŋ/ | kayo /kajo/ | kayo /kajo/ | kahu /kahu/ | kawi /kawi/ | *kaSiw /kaSiw/ |
| Cane | wacu /watsu/ | waco /watʃo/ | aso /aso/ | ino /ino/ | asu /asu/ | suwan /suwan/ | *asu /asu/ |
| Gatto | posi /posi/ | posi /posi/ | pusa /pusa/ | koving /koviŋ/ | ngingiyaw /ŋiŋijaw/ | kating /katiŋ/ | — /—/ |
| Pesce | futing /futiŋ/ | buting /butiŋ/ | seda /səˈdaʔ/ | among /amoŋ/ | iskan /iskan/ | kuraw /kuɾaw/ | *Sikan /Sikan/ |
| Uccello | ayam /ˈajam/ | ayam /ajam/ | papanok /papanok/ | laciw /latsiw/ | hazam /hazam/ | ayam /ajam/ | *manuk /manuk/ |
| Farfalla | ʼadipangpang /ʔaðipaŋpaŋ/ | adipapang /adipapaŋ/ | — | pahapahad no anito /pahapahad no anito/ | balikuan /balikuan/ | aribanglranglrawan /aɾibaŋɭaŋɭawan/ | *baŋbaŋ /baŋbaŋ/ |
| Uovo | fitaʼol /fitaʔol/ | tiʼkuk /tiʔkuk/ | orak /orak/ | icioy /itsioj/ | lububunun /lububunun/ | bitrenun /biʈənun/ | *qiCeluR /qicəlur/ |
| Orso | tomay /tomaj/ | tumay /tumai/ | barowang /barowaŋ/ | — | tumaz /tumað/ | trumay /ʈumaj/ | *Cumay /Cumay/ |
| Cavallo | efa /əfa/ | kabayu /kabaju/ | kodaʼ /kodaʔ/ | — | tasasikis /tasasikis/ | eva /əva/ | — |
| Casa | lomaʼ /lomaʔ/ | luma /luma/ | walay /walaj/ | vahay /vahaj/ | lumaq /lumaq/ | ruma /ɾuma/ | *Rumaq /Rumaq/ |
| Latte | hacol /hatsol/ | hacul /hatsul/ | gatas /ɡatas/ | mizoko /mizoko/ | susu /susu/ | susu /susu/ | — |
| Miele | waneng no ʼodal /waneŋ no ʔoðal/ | waneng nu wadu /wanəŋ nu wadu/ | teneb /tənəb/ | — | vanu /vanu/ | kawalruwan /kawaɭuwan/ | — |
| Sale | cilah /tsilah/ | cikah /tsikah/ | asin /asin/ | asin /asin/ | hasila /hasila/ | iyam /ijam/ | *qasiRa /qasiRa/ |
| Vino | fadisosoʼ a ^pah /faðisosoʔ a ʔpah/ | — | — | potaw cyo /potaw tsjo/ | — | kutra /kuʈa/ | — |
| Riso | felac /fəlats/ | belac /bəlats/ | begas /bəɡas/ | mogis /moɡis/ | cilas /tsilas/ | veras /vəɾas/ | *beRas /beRas/ |
| Ferro | marad /marad/ | mukin /mukin/ | potaw /potaw/ | vahalang /vahalaŋ/ | ngul-a /ŋulʔa/ | batulrayaw /batuɭajaw/ | *Namat /Namat/ |
| Ruota | fiher /fiher/ | bihel /bihel/ | tirikan /tirikan/ | — | tauntaun /tauntaun/ | mutralatralaw /muʈalaʈalaw/ | — |
| Libro | cudad /tsuðad/ | cudad /tsudad/ | ribro /ribro/ | vakong /vakoŋ/ | patasan /patasan/ | valray /vaɭaj/ | — |
| Mangiare | komaen /komaən/ | hekal /hekal/ | mangan /maŋan/ | kuman /kuman/ | maun /maun/ | kuman /kuman/ | *kaen /kaen/ |
| Bere | minom /minom/ | mihecak /mihetʃak/ | minom /minom/ | minum /minum/ | muqun /muqun/ | enpa /enpa/ | *inum /inum/ |
| Dormire | mafotiʼ /mafotiʔ/ | mabiʼ /mabiʔ/ | matorog /matoˈroɡ/ | mitkeh /mitkəh/ | masabah /masabah/ | alrupeʼ /aɭupəʔ/ | *tuduR /tuduR/ |
| Uno | cecay /tsetsaj/ | cacay /tʃatʃai/ | isa /isa/ | asa /asa/ | tasa /tasa/ | sa /sa/ | *isa /isa/ |
| Due | tosa /tosaʔ/ | tusa /tusa/ | dowa /dowa/ | doa /doa/ | dusa /dusa/ | zua /ʐua/ | *duSa /duSa/ |
| Tre | tolo /tolo/ | tulu /tulu/ | telu /təlu/ | tilo /tilo/ | tau /tau/ | telu /təlu/ | *telu /telu/ |
| Quattro | sepat /səpat/ | sepat /səpat/ | pat /pat/ | apat /apat/ | paat /paːt/ | pat /pat/ | *Sepat /səpat/ |
| Cinque | lima /lima/ | lima /lima/ | lima /lima/ | lima /lima/ | hima /hima/ | lima /lima/ | *lima /lima/ |
| Cento | smoʼot /smoʔot/ | lasubu /lasubu/ | magatos /maɡatos/ | ranaw /ranaw/ | saba /saba/ | saleman /saɭəman/ | *RaCus /RaCus/ |
| Ciao | ngaʼay ho /ŋaʔaj ho/ | marayas /maɾajas/ | kapian /kapijan/ | akokay /akokaj/ | uninang /uninaŋ/ | marayas /maɾajas/ | — /—/ |
| Grazie | aray /araj/ | lalumahan /lalumahan/ | salamat /salamat/ | ayoy /ajoj/ | uninang /uninaŋ/ | kasapakan /kasapakan/ | — /—/ |
| Buono | kapah /kapah/ | kapah /kapah/ | mapia /mapija/ | mapia /mapia/ | masial /masial/ | mauruway /mauɾuwai/ | — /—/ |
| Nuovo | faluhay /faluhaj/ | baluhay /baluhaj/ | bego /bəɡo/ | vayo /vajo/ | bahlu /baɬu/ | bekal /bəkaɭ/ | *baqeRuh /baqeRuh/ |
| Rosso | kahengangay /kahəŋaŋaj/ | sumanah /sumanah/ | marigaʼ /maˈriɡaʔ/ | mivalah /mivalah/ | madanghas /madaŋhas/ | midarang /miɖaraŋ/ | *ma-iRaq /ma-iRaq/ |
| Bianco | fohecalay /fohətsalaj/ | sanglac /saŋlatʃ/ | mapoti /maˈpotiʔ/ | malavang /malavaŋ/ | maduhlas /maduɬas/ | bulenan /buɭənan/ | *ma-putiq /maputiq/ |
| Nero | kohtingay /kohtiŋaj/ | lumeniʼ /luməniʔ/ | maitem /maˈʔitəm/ | mavaheng /mavahəŋ/ | matahdung /matahduŋ/ | udedem /uɖəɖəm/ | *qeCeŋeN /qeCeŋeN/ |
| Verde | kangdaway /kaŋdawaj/ | langdaway /laŋdawaj/ | gadong /ˈɡadoŋ/ | mogaraw /moɡaraw/ | masanglav /masaŋlav/ | miraʼat /miraʔat/ | — |
| Blu | langdaway /laŋdawaj/ | sumilaway /sumilawaj/ | biro /ˈbiro/ | mogaraw /moɡaraw/ | masanglav /masaŋlav/ | tremangiya /ʈəmaŋija/ | — |
| Computer | tingnaw /tiŋnaw/ | tingnaw /tiŋnaw/ | kompyuter /komˈpjutɛr/ | tiannaw /tiannaw/ | tinnau /tinnau/ | tinnaw /tinnaw/ | — |
| Tè | ociya /otsija/ | ucya /utʃja/ | sa /sa/ | — | ucia /utsia/ | — | — |
| Caffè | kohi /kohi/ | kuhi /kuhi/ | kahawa /kahawa/ | — | kapi /kapi/ | — | — |
| Zucchero | waneng /waneŋ/ | waneng /wanəŋ/ | golaʼ /ɡolaʔ/ | satto | kamasia /kamasia/ | walru | — |
| Arancia | mamiʼ /mamiʔ/ | — | — | vazcinok /vaztsinok/ | izuk /izuk/ | — | — |
| 99 | siwa a poloʼ ira ko siwa /siwa a poloʔ ira ko siwa/ | — | — | — | — | makaiwa zi iwaya /makaiwa ʐi iwaja/ | — |
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