Mapuzugun
Mapuche
araucana (isolate or small family)
Il mapudungun (lingua dei Mapuche) è parlato dai Mapuche nel sud del Cile e dell'Argentina. La sua parentela genetica non è chiara: a volte è classificato tra le lingue penutie, a volte considerato isolato. È caratterizzato dall'alfabeto ragileo che riflette l'identità mapuche.
Dove si parla
87 parole essenziali in mapuche
Fonti
Parole a confronto
Confronto con lingue della stessa classificazione: araucana (isolate or small family)
| Significato | Mapuche | Ngäbere | Quechua di Ayacucho | Aymara | Chol | Shipibo-Conibo | Quechua |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acqua | ko /ko/ | ñö /ɲɤ/ | yaku /jaku/ | uma /uma/ | jaʼ /haʔ/ | jene /hɨnɨ/ | yaku /jaku/ |
| Fuoco | kütral /kɨʈʂal/ | ñukwä /ɲukwɔ/ | nina /nina/ | nina /nina/ | kʼajk /kʼahk/ | chii /tʃiː/ | nina /nina/ |
| Sole | antü /antɨ/ | ñänä /ɲɔnɔ/ | inti /inti/ | inti /inti/ | kʼiñ /kʼiɲ/ | bari /bari/ | inti /inti/ |
| Luna | küyen /kɨjen/ | só /só/ | killa /kiʎa/ | phaxsi /pʰaχsi/ | uw /uw/ | oxe /oʂɨ/ | killa /kiʎa/ |
| Stella | wangülen /waŋɨlen/ | muke /muke/ | quyllur /ˈqujʎuɾ/ | warawara /waɾawaɾa/ | ekʼ /ʔekʼ/ | wishti /wiʃtĩ/ | quyllur /ˈqujʎuɾ/ |
| Notte | pun /pun/ | deo /ðeo/ | tuta /tuta/ | aruma /aruma/ | akʼälel /akʼɨlel/ | yame /jamɨ/ | tuta /tuta/ |
| Pioggia | mawün /mawɨn̪/ | ñü /ɲɨ/ | para /ˈpaɾa/ | jallu /ˈxaʎu/ | jaʼal /haʔal/ | oi /oi/ | para /ˈpaɾa/ |
| Neve | pire /piɾe/ | — | rasu /ɾasu/ | khunu /kʰunu/ | — | — | ritʼi /ɾitʼi/ |
| Vento | kürüf /kɨɾɨf/ | müre /mɨɾe/ | wayra /ˈwajɾa/ | thaya /ˈtʰaja/ | ikʼ /ikʼ/ | niwe /niwɨ/ | wayra /ˈwajɾa/ |
| Terra | mapu /mapu/ | dobo /dobo/ | allpa /aʎpa/ | uraqi /uɾaqi/ | lum /lum/ | mai /mai/ | allpa /aʎpa/ |
| Pietra | kura /kuɾa/ | jä /hɔ/ | rumi /ˈɾumi/ | qala /ˈqala/ | xajlel /ʃahlel/ | makan /makan/ | rumi /ˈɾumi/ |
| Montagna | mawiza /mawiða/ | ngitio /ŋitio/ | urqu /uɾqu/ | qullu /quʎu/ | wits /wits/ | manan /manan/ | urqu /ˈuɾqu/ |
| Mare | lafken /lafken/ | — | lamar qucha /lamaɾ qutʃa/ | lamara /lamara/ | ñajb /ɲahɓ/ | aniparo /anipaɾo/ | mama qucha /mama ˈqutʃa/ |
| Madre | ñuke /ɲuke/ | meye /meje/ | mama /mama/ | mama /mama/ | ñaʼ /ɲaʔ/ | tita /tita/ | mama /mama/ |
| Padre | chaw /tʃaw/ | rün /rɨn/ | tayta /tajta/ | tata /tata/ | tat /tat/ | papa /papa/ | tayta /tajta/ |
| Figlia | ñawe /ɲawe/ | ngänkän /ŋæŋkæn/ | ususi /uˈsusi/ | phucha /pʰutʃa/ | ixikʼal /iʃikʼal/ | bake ainbo /bake ãĩbo/ | ususi /uˈsusi/ |
| Io | iñche /iɲtʃe/ | ti /ti/ | ñuqa /ˈɲuqa/ | naya /naja/ | joñoñ /hoɲoɲ/ | ea /ea/ | ñuqa /ˈɲuqa/ |
| Tu | eymi /ejmi/ | mä /mɔ/ | qam /qam/ | juma /xuma/ | jatyet /hatʲet/ | mia /mia/ | qam /qam/ |
| Noi | iñchiñ /iɲtʃiɲ/ | nun /nun/ | ñuqanchik / ñuqayku /ɲuˈqantʃik / ɲuˈqajku/ | jiwasa / nanaka /xiwasa / nanaka/ | joñonla / joñon lojon /hoɲonla / hoɲon lohon/ | noa /noa/ | ñuqanchik / ñuqayku /ɲuˈqantʃik / ɲuˈqajku/ |
| Nome | üy /ɨj/ | kä /kɔ/ | suti /ˈsuti/ | suti /suti/ | kʼabaʼ /kʼaɓaʔ/ | jane /hanɨ/ | suti /ˈsuti/ |
| Persona | che /tʃe/ | ni /ni/ | runa /ɾuna/ | jaqi /xaqi/ | kixtyañu /kiʃtʲaɲu/ | joni /honi/ | runa /ˈɾuna/ |
| Testa | longko /loŋko/ | dokwä /dokwɔ/ | uma /uma/ | pʼiqi /pʼiqi/ | jol /hol/ | mapo /mapo/ | uma /ˈuma/ |
| Occhio | nge /ŋe/ | okwä /okwɔ/ | ñawi /ɲawi/ | nayra /najɾa/ | wut /wut/ | bero /bɨɾo/ | ñawi /ɲawi/ |
| Orecchio | pilun /pilun/ | olo /olo/ | rinri /ɾinɾi/ | jinchu /xintʃu/ | chikin /tʃikin/ | pabíki /pabiki/ | rinri /ɾinɾi/ |
| Naso | yu /ju/ | — | sinqa /ˈsinqa/ | nasa /ˈnasa/ | niʼ /niʔ/ | rekin /ɾɨkin/ | sinqa /ˈsinqa/ |
| Bocca | wün /wɨn/ | kada /kada/ | simi /simi/ | laka /ˈlaka/ | tiʼ /tiʔ/ | kexa /kɨʂa/ | simi /ˈsimi/ |
| Dente | foro /foɾo/ | tu /tu/ | kiru /kiɾu/ | lakʼa /lakʼa/ | ej /eh/ | xeta /ʂɨta/ | kiru /kiɾu/ |
| Lingua | kewün /kewɨn/ | tidrö /tiðɾø/ | qallu /qaʎu/ | laxra /laχra/ | äkʼ /ɨkʼ/ | jana /hana/ | qallu /qaʎu/ |
| Mano | kuwü /kuwɨ/ | kise /kise/ | maki /maki/ | ampara /ampaɾa/ | kʼäb /kʼɨɓ/ | meken /mɨkɨn/ | maki /maki/ |
| Piede | ṉamuṉ /n̪amun̪/ | ngoto /ŋoto/ | chaki /tʃaki/ | kayu /kaju/ | ok /ok/ | tae /taɨ/ | chaki /tʃaki/ |
| Cuore | piwke /piwke/ | brukwä /bɾukwɔ/ | sunqu /suŋqu/ | chuyma /tʃujma/ | pusʼikʼal /pusʼikʼal/ | joínti /hoˈinti/ | sunqu /suŋqu/ |
| Osso | foro /foɾo/ | krö /kɾø/ | tullu /tuʎu/ | chʼakha /tʃʼakʰa/ | bäk /ɓɨk/ | xao /ʂao/ | tullu /tuʎu/ |
| Sangue | mollfüñ /moʎfɨɲ/ | därie /ðɐɾie/ | yawar /jawaɾ/ | wila /wila/ | chʼichʼ /tʃʼitʃʼ/ | jimi /himi/ | yawar /jawaɾ/ |
| Amore | poyen /pojen/ | tare /taɾe/ | kuyay /kujaj/ | munasiña /munasiɲa/ | kʼuxbiñ /kʼuʃbiɲ/ | noi /noi/ | munay /munaj/ |
| Albero | aliwen /aliwen/ | krätä /kɾɨtɨ/ | sacha /satʃa/ | quqa /quqa/ | teʼ /teʔ/ | jiwi /hiwi/ | sacha /satʃa/ |
| Cane | trewa /ʈʂewa/ | nukro /nukɾo/ | allqu /aʎqu/ | anu /anu/ | tsʼiʼ /tsʼiʔ/ | ochiti /otʃiti/ | allqu /aʎqu/ |
| Gatto | narki /naɾki/ | mishi /miʃi/ | michi /mitʃi/ | phisi /pʰisi/ | mis /mis/ | mishito /miʃito/ | misi /misi/ |
| Pesce | challwa /tʃaʎwa/ | gwa /ɡwa/ | challwa /tʃaʎwa/ | challwa /tʃaʎwa/ | chäy /tʃɨj/ | yapa /japa/ | challwa /tʃaʎwa/ |
| Uccello | üñüm /ɨɲɨm/ | nukwä /nukwɔ/ | pisqu /pisqu/ | jamachʼi /xamatʃʼi/ | mut /mut/ | isa /isa/ | pisqu /pisqu/ |
| Farfalla | llampüzkeñ /ʎampɨðkeɲ/ | malan /malan/ | pillpintu /piʎpintu/ | pilpintu /pilpintu/ | pejpem /pehpem/ | pëpë /pɨ̃pɨ̃/ | pillpintu /piʎpintu/ |
| Uovo | kuram /kuɾam/ | kwi mrüke /kwi mɾɨke/ | runtu /ɾuntu/ | kʼawna /kʼawna/ | tumut /tumut/ | bachi /batʃi/ | runtu /ˈɾuntu/ |
| Orso | oso /oso/ | oso /oso/ | ukumari /ukumaɾi/ | jukumari /xukumaɾi/ | oso /oso/ | oso /oso/ | ukumari /ukumaɾi/ |
| Cavallo | kawellu /kaweʎu/ | mdä /mdæ/ | kaballu /kabaʎu/ | kawallu /kawaʎu/ | kawayuʼ /kawajuʔ/ | kabayo /kabajo/ | kawallu /kaˈwaʎu/ |
| Casa | ruka /ɾuka/ | ju /hu/ | wasi /wasi/ | uta /uta/ | otyot /otjot/ | xobo /ʂobo/ | wasi /wasi/ |
| Latte | lichi /litʃi/ | kian /kian/ | lichi /litʃi/ | millkʼi /miʎkʼi/ | chuʼ /tʃuʔ/ | xoma /ʂoma/ | lichi /ˈlitʃi/ |
| Miele | müski /mɨski/ | munkö /munkø/ | miski /miski/ | miskʼi /miskʼi/ | chab /tʃaɓ/ | bona jene /bona hɨnɨ/ | miskʼi /miskʼi/ |
| Sale | chazi /tʃaði/ | mren /mɾen/ | kachi /ˈkatʃi/ | jayu /ˈxaju/ | atsʼam /atsʼam/ | tashi /taʃi/ | kachi /ˈkatʃi/ |
| Vino | pulku /pulku/ | uba döi /uba døi/ | vino /ˈbino/ | vino /vino/ | vino /ˈbino/ | vino /ˈbino/ | vino /ˈbino/ |
| Riso | aro /aɾo/ | aro /aɾo/ | arus /ˈaɾus/ | arusa /aɾusa/ | arus /aɾus/ | aros /aɾos/ | arus /ˈaɾus/ |
| Ferro | pañilwe /paɲilwe/ | jiero /hieɾo/ | fierro /ˈfjeɾo/ | qillaya /qiʎaja/ | — | yami /jami/ | qʼillay /ˈqʼiʎaj/ |
| Ruota | chüngküll /tʃɨŋkɨʎ/ | — | rueda /ˈɾweda/ | rueda /ɾweda/ | — | karotae /kaɾotae/ | rueda /ɾweda/ |
| Seta | seza /seða/ | seda /seda/ | seda /seda/ | seda /seda/ | seda /seda/ | seda /seda/ | seda /ˈseda/ |
| Libro | chillka /tʃiʎka/ | tärä /tæɾæ/ | libru /libɾu/ | panka /panka/ | juñ /huɲ/ | kirika /kiɾika/ | liwru /ˈliwɾu/ |
| Mangiare | in /in/ | mrö /mrø/ | mikuy /mikuj/ | manqʼaña /manqʼaɲa/ | kʼux /kʼuʃ/ | piti /piti/ | mikhuy /mikʰuj/ |
| Bere | pütun /pɨtun/ | ñögö /ɲøɡø/ | upyay /upjaj/ | umaña /umaɲa/ | uchʼ /utʃʼ/ | xeati /ʂɨati/ | upyay /upjaj/ |
| Dormire | umawtun /umawtun/ | kibien /kibien/ | puñuy /puˈɲuj/ | ikiña /iˈkiɲa/ | wäyel /wɨjel/ | oxa /oʂa/ | puñuy /puˈɲuj/ |
| Uno | kiñe /kiɲe/ | krati /kɾati/ | huk /huk/ | maya /maja/ | jun /hun/ | westíora /wɨstioɾa/ | huk /huk/ |
| Due | epu /epu/ | krobu /kɾobu/ | iskay /ˈiskaj/ | paya /paja/ | chaʼ /tʃaʔ/ | rabé /ɾabɨ/ | iskay /ˈiskaj/ |
| Tre | küla /kɨla/ | komä /komæ/ | kimsa /kimsa/ | kimsa /kimsa/ | uxpʼejl /uʃpʼehl/ | kimisha /kimiʃa/ | kimsa /kimsa/ |
| Quattro | meli /meli/ | kobogä /koboɡæ/ | tawa /tawa/ | pusi /pusi/ | chämpʼejl /tʃɨmpʼehl/ | chosko /tʃosko/ | tawa /tawa/ |
| Cinque | kechu /ketʃu/ | korige /koɾiɡe/ | pichqa /ˈpitʃqa/ | phisqa /ˈpʰisqa/ | joʼ /hoʔ/ | pichika /pitʃika/ | pichqa /ˈpitʃqa/ |
| Cento | pataka /pataka/ | gre ketarike /ɡɾe ketaɾike/ | pachak /patʃak/ | pataka /pataka/ | joʼkʼal /hoʔkʼal/ | pacha /patʃa/ | pachak /ˈpatʃak/ |
| Ciao | mari mari /maɾi maɾi/ | käre /kɨɾe/ | napaykullayki /napajkuʎajki/ | kamisaki /kamisaki/ | kabʼ /kaɓ/ | jakon raoma /xakon raoma/ | allillanchu /aʎiʎantʃu/ |
| Grazie | chaltu /tʃaltu/ | kuin /kuin/ | añay /aɲaj/ | yuspagara /juspaɣaɾa/ | wokolix awälä /wokoliʃ awɨlɨ/ | irake /iɾake/ | sulpayki /sulpajki/ |
| Buono | küme /kɨme/ | kuin /kuin/ | allin /aʎin/ | suma /suma/ | utsʼat /utsʼat/ | jakon /hakon/ | allin /aʎin/ |
| Nuovo | we /we/ | btin /btin/ | musuq /musuq/ | machaqa /matʃaqa/ | tsijib /tsihiɓ/ | bena /bɨna/ | musuq /ˈmusuq/ |
| Rosso | kelü /kelɨ/ | tain /tain/ | puka /puka/ | wila /wila/ | chächäk /tʃɨtʃɨk/ | joshin /hoʃin/ | puka /puka/ |
| Bianco | liq /lɨɣ/ | ngwen /ŋʷen/ | yuraq /ˈjuɾaq/ | janqʼu /ˈxaɴqʼu/ | säsäk /sɨsɨk/ | joxo /hoʂo/ | yuraq /ˈjuɾaq/ |
| Nero | kurü /kuɾɨ/ | drüne /dɾɨne/ | yana /jana/ | chʼiyara /tʃʼijara/ | iʼikʼ /iʔikʼ/ | wiso /wiso/ | yana /jana/ |
| Verde | karü /kaɾɨ/ | rerebare /ɾeɾebaɾe/ | qumir /qumiɾ/ | chʼuxña /tʃʼuxɲa/ | yäjyäx /jɨhjɨʃ/ | yãkõ /jãkõ/ | qʼomer /qʼomeɾ/ |
| Blu | kallfü /kaʎfɨ/ | blure /bluɾe/ | anqas /aŋqas/ | larama /laɾama/ | yäjyäx /jɨhjɨʃ/ | yãkõ /jãkõ/ | anqas /aŋqas/ |
| Computer | komputadora /komputaðoɾa/ | computadora /komputadoɾa/ | computadora /komputaˈdoɾa/ | atamiri /atamiɾi/ | computadora /komputadoɾa/ | — | antañiqiq /antaɲiqiq/ |
| Tè | te /te/ | té /te/ | tiy /tij/ | — | té /te/ | — | tiy /tij/ |
| Caffè | kafe /kafe/ | café /kafe/ | — | café /kafe/ | kajpe /kahpe/ | — | kaphiy /kapʰij/ |
| Zucchero | asukura /asukuɾa/ | azúcar /asukaɾ/ | asukar /aˈsukaɾ/ | azúcar /asukar/ | asukal /asukal/ | asokaro /asokaɾo/ | asukar /aˈsukaɾ/ |
| 99 | aylla mari aylla /ajʎa maɾi ajʎa/ | gre ketabkä bti krä jätäbti krä ökän /ɡɾe ketabkæ bti kɾæ hætæbti kɾæ ɤkæn/ | isqun chunka isqunniyuq /isqun tʃunka isqunnijuq/ | llätunka tunka llätunkani /ʎaːtunka tunka ʎaːtunkani/ | — | iskon chonka iskon /iskon tʃonka iskon/ | isqun chunka isqunniyuq /isqun tʃunka isqunnijuq/ |
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