Gàidhlig
Gaelico scozzese
Celtica
Noto anche come: Scottish Gaelic, Gàidhlig, Gaidhlig
Il gaelico scozzese (Gàidhlig) è una lingua celtica goidelica con circa 57.000 parlanti (censimento 2011; circa 87.000 con qualche competenza), soprattutto nelle Ebridi Esterne (Western Isles), a Skye, in parti delle Highlands continentali e nella diaspora di Glasgow ed Edimburgo. È sorella dell’irlandese (ga) e del mannese (gv); fu portata dall’Irlanda in Scozia dal regno di Dál Riata attorno al IV-VI secolo e rimase la lingua dominante delle Highlands finché le Highland Clearances successive a Culloden (1746) non dispersero le comunità gaelofone. Sul piano fonologico si distingue per il sistema di lenizione, le coppie di consonanti larghe e sottili e la preaspirazione; sul piano grammaticale è VSO, con mutazioni iniziali e preposizioni flesse. Il Gaelic Language (Scotland) Act del 2005 la riconosce come lingua ufficiale del Regno Unito; la televisione BBC Alba (2008) e l’istruzione in gaelico (fra cui la Sgoil Ghàidhlig Ghlaschu) sostengono la rivitalizzazione. Ricca la tradizione orale: canti di follatura (òrain luaidh), salmodia guidata dal cantore e poesia bardica.
Dove si parla
87 parole essenziali in gaelico scozzese
sushi
dopamain
Fonti
Parole a confronto
Confronto con lingue della stessa classificazione: Celtica
| Significato | Gaelico scozzese | Irlandese | Mannese | Medio irlandese | Vecchio irlandese | Gallese | Frisone occidentale |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acqua | uisge /ɯʃkʲə/ | uisce /ɪʃcə/ | ushtey /ˈuʃtʲə/ | usce /uske/ | uisce /ˈusʲkʲe/ | dŵr /duːr/ | wetter /vɛtər/ |
| Fuoco | teine /ˈtʃʰɛɲə/ | tine /tʲɪnʲə/ | aile /ailʲ/ | tene /tene/ | tene /ˈtʲene/ | tân /tɑːn/ | fjoer /fjuːr/ |
| Sole | grian /kɾʲiən/ | grian /ɟɾʲiən̪ˠ/ | grian /ɡriən/ | grían /ɡrian/ | grían /ɡrian/ | haul /haɨl/ | sinne /sɪnə/ |
| Luna | gealach /ˈkʲal̪ˠəx/ | gealach /ɟalˠax/ | eayst /eːst/ | ésca /eːska/ | éscae /eːskai/ | lleuad /ɬɛɨ̯ad/ | moanne /mwɑnə/ |
| Stella | reul /rˠeːl̪ˠ/ | réalta /ˈɾˠeːl̪ˠt̪ˠə/ | rollage /ˈrolaːɡ/ | rétla /ˈreːtla/ | rétla /ˈrʲeːdla/ | seren /ˈsɛrɛn/ | stjer /stjɛr/ |
| Notte | oidhche /ˈɤ̃ĩçə/ | oíche /ˈiːçə/ | oie /ei/ | adaig /aðəɣʲ/ | adaig /aðəɣʲ/ | nos /noːs/ | nacht /nɔxt/ |
| Pioggia | uisge /ɯʃkʲə/ | báisteach /ˈbˠaːʃtʲəx/ | fliaghey /ˈfljaːə/ | báitsech /ˈbaːtʲʃəx/ | fras /fras/ | glaw /ɡlau̯/ | rein /rɛin/ |
| Neve | sneachda /ʃɲɛxkə/ | sneachta /ʃnʲaxt̪ˠə/ | sniaghtey /ˈsnʲaxðə/ | snechta /sʲnʲextə/ | snechtae /sʲnʲexte/ | eira /əɨra/ | snie /sniə/ |
| Vento | gaoth /kɯː/ | gaoth /ɡeː/ | geay /ɡjeː/ | gáeth /ɡaːiθ/ | gáeth /ɡaːiθ/ | gwynt /ɡwɪnt/ | wyn /vin/ |
| Terra | talamh /ˈt̪ʰal̪ˠəv/ | cré /cɾʲeː/ | thalloo /ˈtalu/ | talam /ˈtalav/ | talam /ˈtalav/ | pridd /priːð/ | ierde /ˈiədə/ |
| Pietra | clach /kʰl̪ˠax/ | cloch /klˠɔx/ | clagh /klaːx/ | cloch /klox/ | cloch /klox/ | carreg /ˈkarɛɡ/ | stien /stiən/ |
| Montagna | beinn /peiɲː/ | sliabh /ʃlʲiəvˠ/ | slieau /slʲuː/ | slíab /sʲlʲiaβ/ | slíab /sʲlʲiaβ/ | mynydd /ˈmənɨð/ | berch /bɛrx/ |
| Mare | muir /muɾʲ/ | farraige /ˈfˠaɾˠɪɟə/ | faarkey /ˈfaːrkʲə/ | muir /murʲ/ | muir /murʲ/ | môr /moːr/ | see /seː/ |
| Madre | màthair /maːhəɾʲ/ | máthair /mˠɑːhəɾʲ/ | moir /mɔːɾ/ | máthair /maːθirʲ/ | máthair /maːθirʲ/ | mam /mam/ | mem /mɛm/ |
| Padre | athair /ahəɾʲ/ | athair /ahəɾʲ/ | ayr /ɛːr/ | athair /aθirʲ/ | athair /aθirʲ/ | tad /tɑːd/ | heit /hɛit/ |
| Figlia | nighean /ˈɲĩən/ | iníon /ɪˈnʲiːn̪ˠ/ | inneen /iˈneːn/ | ingen /ˈinʲɣʲen/ | ingen /ˈinʲɣʲen/ | merch /mɛrx/ | dochter /ˈdɔxtər/ |
| Io | mi /mi/ | mé /mʲeː/ | mee /miː/ | mé /mʲeː/ | mé /mʲeː/ | fi /viː/ | ik /ɪk/ |
| Tu | thu /u/ | tú /t̪ˠuː/ | oo /uː/ | tú /tuː/ | tú /tuː/ | ti /tiː/ | do /do/ |
| Noi | sinn /ʃiɲ/ | muid /mˠidʲ/ | shin /ʃin/ | sinn /sʲinʲ/ | sní /snʲiː/ | ni /niː/ | wy /vi/ |
| Nome | ainm /ˈɛnɛm/ | ainm /anʲəmʲ/ | ennym /ˈenəm/ | ainm /anʲmʲ/ | ainm /anʲmʲ/ | enw /ˈɛnu/ | namme /ˈnamə/ |
| Persona | duine /ˈt̪ɯɲə/ | duine /ˈd̪ˠɪnʲə/ | peiagh /pʲaːx/ | duine /dunʲe/ | duine /ˈdunʲe/ | person /ˈpɛrsɔn/ | minske /ˈmɪnskə/ |
| Testa | ceann /kʲʰãũn̪ˠ/ | ceann /cɑːn̪ˠ/ | kione /kʲoːn/ | cenn /kʲen/ | cenn /kʲen/ | pen /pɛn/ | holle /ˈhɔlə/ |
| Occhio | sùil /suːl/ | súil /sˠuːlʲ/ | sooill /suːlʲ/ | súil /suːlʲ/ | súil /suːlʲ/ | llygad /ɬəɡad/ | each /ɪəx/ |
| Orecchio | cluas /kl̪ˠuəs/ | cluas /kl̪ˠuəsˠ/ | cleaysh /klʲaːʒ/ | ó /oː/ | clúas /kluəs/ | clust /klɪst/ | ear /iər/ |
| Naso | sròn /s̪t̪ɾɔːn/ | srón /sˠɾˠoːnˠ/ | stroin /strɔinʲ/ | srón /sroːn/ | srón /sroːn/ | trwyn /truːɨ̯n/ | noas /noːs/ |
| Bocca | beul /pial̪ˠ/ | béal /bʲeːl̪ˠ/ | beeal /biːl/ | bél /bʲeːl/ | gin /ɡʲin/ | ceg /keːɡ/ | mûle /ˈmuːlə/ |
| Dente | fiacail /ˈfiəxkil/ | fiacail /ˈfʲiəkəlʲ/ | feeackle /fiaxəl/ | dét /deːd/ | dét /dʲeːd/ | dant /dant/ | tosk /tosk/ |
| Lingua | teanga /ˈtʃʰɛŋɡə/ | teanga /ˈtʲaŋɡə/ | çhengey /tʃeŋə/ | tengae /ˈtʲeŋɡe/ | tengae /ˈtʲeŋɡe/ | tafod /ˈtavɔd/ | tonge /ˈtɔŋə/ |
| Mano | làmh /ɫ̪aːv/ | lámh /l̪ˠɑːvˠ/ | laue /lɛːu/ | lám /laːv/ | lám /laːv/ | llaw /ɬaʊ/ | hân /hɔːn/ |
| Piede | cas /kʰas/ | cos /kɔsˠ/ | cass /kaːs/ | cos /kos/ | cos /kos/ | troed /troːɨ̯d/ | foet /fuə̯t/ |
| Cuore | cridhe /kʰɾʲiə/ | croí /kɾˠiː/ | cree /kɾiː/ | cride /krʲiðʲe/ | cride /krʲiðʲe/ | calon /kalɔn/ | hert /hɛrt/ |
| Osso | cnàimh /kʰɾɛ̃ːv/ | cnámh /kn̪ˠaːw/ | craue /kreu/ | cnáim /knaːmʲ/ | cnáim /knaːmʲ/ | asgwrn /ˈasɡʊrn/ | bonke /ˈbɔŋkə/ |
| Sangue | fuil /ful/ | fuil /fˠɪlʲ/ | fuill /fuːl/ | fuil /fulʲ/ | fuil /fulʲ/ | gwaed /ɡwaɨd/ | bloed /blut/ |
| Cacca | cac /kʰaxk/ | cac /kak/ | keck /kek/ | cac /kak/ | cac /kak/ | cach /kaːx/ | kak /kɑk/ |
| Amore | gaol /kɯːl̪ˠ/ | grá /ɡɾˠɑː/ | graih /ɡraːx/ | serc /serk/ | serc /serk/ | cariad /karjad/ | leafde /lɪəfdə/ |
| Albero | craobh /kʰɾɯːv/ | crann /kɾˠɑːn̪ˠ/ | billey /ˈbilʲə/ | crann /kran/ | crann /kran/ | coeden /kɔɨdɛn/ | beam /bɪəm/ |
| Cane | cù /kʰuː/ | madra /mˠɑd̪ˠɾˠə/ | moddey /ˈmɔðə/ | madra /madra/ | cú /kuː/ | ci /kiː/ | hûn /huːn/ |
| Gatto | cat /kʰaht̪/ | cat /kɑt̪ˠ/ | kayt /kat/ | cat /kat/ | cat /kat/ | cath /kɑːθ/ | kat /kɑt/ |
| Pesce | iasg /iəsk/ | iasc /iəsˠk/ | eeast /iːst/ | íasc /iːask/ | íasc /iːask/ | pysgodyn /pəsˈɡɔdɨn/ | fisk /fɪsk/ |
| Uccello | eun /ian/ | éan /eːnˠ/ | ushag /ˈuʒaɡ/ | én /eːn/ | én /eːn/ | aderyn /aˈdɛrɨn/ | fûgel /ˈfuːɡəl/ |
| Farfalla | dealan-dè /tʲal̪ˠan tʲeː/ | féileacán /fʲeːlʲəkaːn̪ˠ/ | foillycan /ˈfolʲəkan/ | — | — | glöyn byw /ˈɡlɔɨn ˈbɪu/ | flinter /ˈflɪntər/ |
| Uovo | ugh /u/ | ubh /ʊvˠ/ | ooh /uː/ | og /oɣ/ | og /oɣ/ | wy /uːɨ/ | aai /aːi/ |
| Orso | mathan /ˈmahan/ | béar /bʲeːɾˠ/ | maghouin /maˈɣuːnʲ/ | mathgamain /maθɣəvənʲ/ | art /art/ | arth /arθ/ | bear /bɪər/ |
| Cavallo | each /ɛx/ | capall /ˈkapˠəl̪ˠ/ | cabbyl /ˈkaːbəl/ | ech /ex/ | ech /ex/ | ceffyl /ˈkɛfɨl/ | hynder /ˈhindər/ |
| Casa | taigh /tʰɤj/ | teach /tʲax/ | thie /tai/ | tech /tex/ | tech /tʲex/ | tŷ /tɨː/ | hûs /huːs/ |
| Latte | bainne /ˈpaɲə/ | bainne /ˈbˠanʲə/ | bainney /ˈbanʲə/ | as /as/ | as /as/ | llaeth /ɬaːɨθ/ | molke /ˈmolkə/ |
| Miele | mil /mil/ | mil /mʲɪlʲ/ | mill /mil/ | mil /mʲilʲ/ | mil /mʲilʲ/ | mêl /meːl/ | huning /ˈhynɪŋ/ |
| Sale | salann /ˈs̪al̪ˠən̪ˠ/ | salann /ˈsˠalˠən̪ˠ/ | sollan /ˈsolan/ | salann /ˈsalan/ | salann /ˈsalan/ | halen /ˈhalɛn/ | sâlt /sɔːlt/ |
| Vino | fìon /fiən/ | fíon /ˈfʲiːn̪ˠ/ | feeyn /fiːn/ | fín /fiːn/ | fín /fʲiːn/ | gwin /ɡwiːn/ | wyn /viːn/ |
| Riso | rìs /rˠiːʃ/ | rís /ɾʲiːʃ/ | — | — | — | reis /reis/ | rys /ris/ |
| Cioccolato | teòclaid /ˈtʲʰɔːxkl̪ˠɪtʲ/ | seacláid /ˈʃakl̪ˠaːdʲ/ | shocklaid /ˈʃoklaːdʲ/ | — | — | siocled /ˈʃɔklɛd/ | sûkelade /suːkəˈlaːdə/ |
| Ferro | iarann /ˈiərˠən̪ˠ/ | iarann /ˈiəɾˠən/ | yiarn /jaːrn/ | íarn /iːarn/ | íarn /iːarn/ | haearn /ˈheɨarn/ | izer /ˈiːzər/ |
| Ruota | roth /rˠɔh/ | roth /ɾˠɔh/ | queeyl /kwiːl/ | roth /roθ/ | roth /roθ/ | olwyn /ˈɔlʊɨn/ | tsjil /tsjɪl/ |
| Seta | sìoda /ˈʃiət̪ə/ | síoda /ˈʃiːd̪ˠə/ | sheeidey /ˈʃiːðə/ | síta /ˈsʲiːdə/ | síta /ˈsʲiːda/ | sidan /ˈsɪdan/ | side /ˈsidə/ |
| Libro | leabhar /ˈʎɔəɾ/ | leabhar /ˈlʲauəɾˠ/ | lioar /lʲoːr/ | lebor /ˈlʲeβər/ | lebor /ˈlʲeβor/ | llyfr /ɬɪvr/ | boek /buk/ |
| Mangiare | ith /iç/ | ith /ɪ/ | gee /ɡʲiː/ | ithid /iθʲiðʲ/ | ithid /iθʲiðʲ/ | bwyta /bʊɨta/ | ite /iːtə/ |
| Bere | òl /ɔːl̪ˠ/ | ól /oːlˠ/ | iu /juː/ | ól /oːl/ | ibid /iβʲiðʲ/ | yfed /əvɛd/ | drinke /drɪŋkə/ |
| Dormire | caidil /ˈkʰatʲɪl/ | codail /ˈkɔd̪ˠəlʲ/ | cadley /ˈkaðlə/ | cotlaid /ˈkodləðʲ/ | con·tuili /konˈtulʲi/ | cysgu /ˈkəsɡɨ/ | sliepe /ˈsliəpə/ |
| Uno | aon /ɯːn/ | aon /eːn̪ˠ/ | nane /nɛːn/ | óen /oin/ | oín /oːin/ | un /ɨːn/ | ien /iːn/ |
| Due | dà /t̪aː/ | dó /d̪ˠoː/ | jees /dʒiːs/ | dá /daː/ | dá /daː/ | dau /daɨ/ | twa /twa/ |
| Tre | trì /tʰɾiː/ | trí /tʲɾʲiː/ | tree /triː/ | trí /tʲrʲiː/ | trí /tʲrʲiː/ | tri /triː/ | trije /ˈtrijə/ |
| Quattro | ceithir /ˈkʲʰehiɾʲ/ | ceathair /ˈcahəɾʲ/ | kiare /kʲeːr/ | cethair /ˈkʲeθərʲ/ | cethair /ˈkʲeθərʲ/ | pedwar /ˈpɛdwar/ | fjouwer /ˈfjɔuər/ |
| Cinque | còig /kʰoːkʲ/ | cúig /kuːɟ/ | queig /kweɡ/ | cóic /koːɡʲ/ | cóic /koːɡʲ/ | pump /pɨmp/ | fiif /fiːf/ |
| Cento | ceud /kʰʲiət/ | céad /ceːd̪ˠ/ | keead /kʲiːd/ | cét /kʲeːd/ | cét /kʲeːd/ | cant /kant/ | hûndert /ˈhuːndərt/ |
| Ciao | halò /haˈloː/ | dia duit /dʲiə d̪ˠɪtʲ/ | moghrey mie /ˈmɔɣrə maɪ/ | fochen /foxʲen/ | fochen /foxʲen/ | helô /hɛˈloː/ | hoi /hɔi/ |
| Grazie | tapadh leat /tʰapə lɛt/ | go raibh maith agat /ɡɔ ɾˠɛv mˠah aɡət̪ˠ/ | gura mie ayd /ˈɡura miː eːd/ | atlochur /atloxur/ | atlochur /atloxur/ | diolch /diːɔlx/ | tankewol /tɑŋkəvɔl/ |
| Buono | math /ma/ | maith /mˠah/ | mie /maɪ/ | maith /maθʲ/ | maith /maθʲ/ | da /dɑː/ | goed /ɡuət/ |
| Nuovo | ùr /uːɾ/ | nua /n̪ˠuə/ | noa /noː/ | núa /ˈnuːa/ | núae /ˈnuːe/ | newydd /ˈnɛwɨð/ | nij /nɛi/ |
| Rosso | dearg /ˈtʲɛɾɛk/ | dearg /ˈdʲaɾˠəɡ/ | jiarg /dʒarɡ/ | derg /dʲerɡ/ | derg /dʲerɡ/ | coch /koːx/ | read /rɪət/ |
| Bianco | geal /kʲal̪ˠ/ | bán /bˠaːnˠ/ | bane /beːn/ | bán /baːn/ | bán /baːn/ | gwyn /ɡwɪn/ | wyt /viːt/ |
| Nero | dubh /t̪uh/ | dubh /d̪ˠʊvˠ/ | doo /duː/ | dub /duβ/ | dub /duβ/ | du /dɨː/ | swart /svart/ |
| Verde | uaine /ˈuəɲə/ | glas /ɡlˠasˠ/ | glass /ɡlaːs/ | úaine /ˈuːənʲe/ | glas /ɡlas/ | gwyrdd /ɡwɪrð/ | grien /ɡriən/ |
| Blu | gorm /ˈkɔɾɔm/ | gorm /ˈɡɔɾˠəmˠ/ | gorrym /ˈɡɔrəm/ | gorm /ɡorm/ | glas /ɡlas/ | glas /ɡlaːs/ | blau /blau/ |
| Cuculo | cuthag /ˈkʰuhak/ | cuach /kuəx/ | cooag /ˈkuːaɡ/ | cúach /ˈkuːax/ | caí /kaːi/ | cog /koːɡ/ | koekoek /ˈkukuk/ |
| Bau bau | af af /af af/ | bhuf bhuf /wʊf wʊf/ | — | — | — | wff wff /ʊf ʊf/ | — |
| Chicchirichì | gog a ghuidhe ghaoidhe /ˌkok ə ˌɣɯjə ˈɣɤjə/ | coc-a-dúdal-dú /kɔkəˌduːdəlˈduː/ | — | — | — | coc-a-dwdl-dŵ | — |
| Computer | coimpiutair /kʰəmˈpʰjutʰəɾʲ/ | ríomhaire /ˈɾˠiːwəɾʲə/ | co-earrooder /koˈjaːrudər/ | — | — | cyfrifiadur /kəvrɪvˈjaːdɨr/ | kompjûter /kɔmˈpjuːtər/ |
| Sushi | sushi | sushi /ˈsʊʃiː/ | — | — | — | swshi /ˈsʊʃi/ | sushi /ˈsuʃi/ |
| Tè | tì /tʃʰiː/ | tae /t̪ˠeː/ | tey /teː/ | — | — | te /teː/ | tee /teː/ |
| Caffè | cofaidh /ˈkʰɔfɪ/ | caife /ˈkafʲə/ | caffee /ˈkafiː/ | — | — | coffi /ˈkɔfi/ | kofje /ˈkɔfjə/ |
| Zucchero | siùcar /ˈʃuːxkəɾ/ | siúcra /ˈʃuːkɾˠə/ | shugyr /ˈʃuɡər/ | — | — | siwgr /ˈʃʊɡʊr/ | sûker /ˈsuːkər/ |
| Arancia | orainds /ˈɔrɪntʲʃ/ | oráiste /ˈɔɾˠaːʃtʲə/ | oarn /ɔːrn/ | — | — | oren /ˈɔrɛn/ | sinesappel /ˈsinəsɑpəl/ |
| 99 | naoi-deug agus ceithir-fichead /n̪ˠɯːi tʲiək akəs kʲehɪɾʲ fiçət/ | nócha a naoi /ˈn̪ˠoːxə ə ˈn̪ˠiː/ | kiare feed as nuy-jeig /kʲeːr fiːdʲ as nei dʒeɡ/ | — | — | naw deg naw /nau dɛɡ nau/ | — |
| Dopamina | dopamain | dopaimín /ˈd̪ˠɔpˠɪˌmʲiːnʲ/ | — | — | — | dopamin /dɔˈpamɪn/ | dopamine /doːpaˈminə/ |
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