Kölsch
indoeuropeo (germanico, occidentale, alto tedesco, centrale, ripuario)
Il kölsch è il dialetto francone ripuario di Colonia e dei dintorni immediati — una varietà del tedesco centro-occidentale distinta sia dal tedesco standard (non ha subito tutte le fasi della seconda mutazione consonantica alto-tedesca: ad es. "Aug" e non "Auge", "joot" e non "gut") sia dal basso tedesco più a nord. Possiede una forte identità urbana legata alla città di Colonia, con canzoni di carnevale (Karneval) in kölsch, la cultura della Kölsche Bier e l'Akademie för uns kölsche Sproch, che promuove la codificazione linguistica (1983). Riconosciuto come lingua a sé stante da Ethnologue e Glottolog, nonostante il governo tedesco lo tratti come un dialetto.
Dove si parla
87 parole essenziali in kölsch
Fonti
Parole a confronto
Confronto con lingue della stessa classificazione: indoeuropeo (germanico, occidentale, alto tedesco, centrale, ripuario)
| Significato | Kölsch | Tedesco lussemburghese | Tedesco | Tedesco austriaco | Basso tedesco | Tedesco standard svizzero | Francone orientale |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acqua | Wasser /vasɐ/ | Wasser /vasɐ/ | Wasser /vasɐ/ | Wasser /vasɐ/ | Water /vɑːtɐ/ | Wasser /ˈvasər/ | Wasser /vasːə/ |
| Fuoco | Füer /fyːɐ/ | Feuer /fɔɪ̯ɐ/ | Feuer /fɔɪ̯ɐ/ | Feuer /fɔɪɐ/ | Füer /fyːɐ/ | Feuer /ˈfɔɪ̯ər/ | Feier /faɪɐ/ |
| Sole | Sonn /zɔn/ | Sonne /zɔnə/ | Sonne /zɔnə/ | Sonne /sɔnə/ | Sünn /zʏn/ | Sonne /ˈsɔnə/ | Sunn /sʊn/ |
| Luna | Mond /moːnt/ | Mond /moːnt/ | Mond /moːnt/ | Mond /moːnt/ | Maan /maːn/ | Mond /moːnt/ | Maa /maː/ |
| Stella | Stään /ʃtɛːn/ | Stern /ʃtɛʁn/ | Stern /ʃtɛʁn/ | Stern /ʃtɛrn/ | Steern /steːrn/ | Stern /ʃtɛrn/ | Stern /ʃtɛrn/ |
| Notte | Naach /naːx/ | Nacht /naxt/ | Nacht /naxt/ | Nacht /naxt/ | Nacht /naxt/ | Nacht /naxt/ | Nacht /naxt/ |
| Pioggia | Räje /ˈʁɛːjə/ | Regen /ˈʁeːɡn̩/ | Regen /ˈʁeːɡn̩/ | Regen /ˈreːɡn̩/ | Regen /ˈreːɡn̩/ | Regen /ˈreːɡən/ | — |
| Neve | Schnei /ʃnaɪ/ | Schnee /ʃneː/ | Schnee /ʃneː/ | Schnee /ʃneː/ | Snee /sneː/ | Schnee /ʃneː/ | Schnee /ʃneː/ |
| Vento | Wind /vɪnd/ | Wind /vɪnt/ | Wind /vɪnt/ | Wind /vɪnt/ | Wind /vɪnt/ | Wind /vɪnt/ | Wind /vɪnd/ |
| Terra | Ääd /ɛːt/ | Erde /eːɐdə/ | Erde /eːɐdə/ | Erde /eːɐdə/ | Eer /eːɐ/ | Erde /ˈeːrdə/ | Erd /ɛɐd/ |
| Pietra | Stein /ʃtaɪn/ | Stein /ʃtaɪn/ | Stein /ʃtaɪn/ | Stein /ʃtaɪn/ | Steen /steːn/ | Stein /ʃtaɪn/ | — |
| Montagna | Berch /bɛʁɕ/ | Berg /bɛʁk/ | Berg /bɛʁk/ | Berg /bɛɐk/ | Barg /barx/ | Berg /bɛrk/ | — |
| Mare | Meer /meːɐ/ | Meer /meːɐ̯/ | Meer /meːɐ̯/ | Meer /meːɐ̯/ | See /zeː/ | Meer /meːr/ | — |
| Madre | Moder /moːdɐ/ | Mutter /mʊtɐ/ | Mutter /mʊtɐ/ | Mutter /mʊtɐ/ | Moder /moːdɐ/ | Mutter /ˈmʊtər/ | Mudder /mʊdɐ/ |
| Padre | Vatter /fatɐ/ | Vater /faːtɐ/ | Vater /faːtɐ/ | Vater /ˈfaːtɐ/ | Vader /fɑːdɐ/ | Vater /ˈfaːtər/ | Vadder /fadɐ/ |
| Figlia | Dochter /dɔxtɐ/ | Tochter /tɔxtɐ/ | Tochter /ˈtɔxtɐ/ | Tochter /ˈtɔxtɐ/ | Dochter /dɔxtɐ/ | Tochter /ˈtɔxtər/ | Dochder /dɔxdɐ/ |
| Io | ich /ɪɕ/ | ich /ɪç/ | ich /ɪç/ | ich /ɪç/ | ik /ɪk/ | ich /ɪç/ | i /i/ |
| Tu | do /doː/ | du /duː/ | du /duː/ | du /duː/ | du /duː/ | du /duː/ | du /du/ |
| Noi | mir /miɐ/ | wir /viːɐ̯/ | wir /viːɐ̯/ | wir /viːɐ/ | wi /viː/ | wir /viːr/ | mir /miɐ/ |
| Nome | Name /ˈnaːmə/ | Name /ˈnaːmə/ | Name /ˈnaːmə/ | Name /ˈnaːmə/ | Naam /naːm/ | Name /ˈnaːmə/ | Nama /ˈnamɐ/ |
| Persona | Minsch /mɪnʃ/ | Mensch /mɛnʃ/ | Mensch /mɛnʃ/ | Mensch /mɛnʃ/ | Minsch /mɪnʃ/ | Mensch /mɛnʃ/ | — |
| Testa | Kopp /kɔp/ | Kopf /kɔpf/ | Kopf /kɔpf/ | Kopf /kɔpf/ | Kopp /kɔp/ | Kopf /kɔpf/ | — |
| Occhio | Auch /aʊx/ | Auge /aʊ̯ɡə/ | Auge /aʊ̯ɡə/ | Auge /ˈaʊ̯ɡə/ | Oog /oːx/ | Auge /ˈaʊɡə/ | Aach /aːx/ |
| Orecchio | Uhr /uːɐ/ | Ohr /oːɐ̯/ | Ohr /oːɐ̯/ | Ohr /oːɐ̯/ | Ohr /oːr/ | Ohr /oːr/ | Ohr /oːɐ/ |
| Naso | Nas /nas/ | Nase /ˈnaːzə/ | Nase /ˈnaːzə/ | Nase /ˈnaːsə/ | Nees /neːs/ | Nase /ˈnaːsə/ | — |
| Bocca | Muul /muːl/ | Mund /mʊnt/ | Mund /mʊnt/ | Mund /mʊnt/ | Muul /muːl/ | Mund /mʊnt/ | — |
| Dente | Zang /tsaŋ/ | Zahn /tsaːn/ | Zahn /tsaːn/ | Zahn /tsaːn/ | Tähn /tɛːn/ | Zahn /tsaːn/ | Zah /tsaː/ |
| Lingua | Zung /tsʊŋ/ | Zunge /ˈtsʊŋə/ | Zunge /ˈtsʊŋə/ | Zunge /ˈtsʊŋə/ | Tung /tʊŋ/ | Zunge /ˈtsʊŋə/ | Zung /tsuŋ/ |
| Mano | Hand /hant/ | Hand /hant/ | Hand /hant/ | Hand /hɑnt/ | Hand /hant/ | Hand /hant/ | Hand /hand/ |
| Piede | Foß /foːs/ | Fuß /fuːs/ | Fuß /fuːs/ | Fuß /fuːs/ | Foot /fɔʊ̯t/ | Fuss /fuːs/ | Fuß /fuːs/ |
| Cuore | Hätz /hɛts/ | Herz /hɛʁts/ | Herz /hɛʁts/ | Herz /hɛɐts/ | Hart /haɐt/ | Herz /hɛrts/ | Herz /hɛrts/ |
| Osso | Knoche /ˈknɔxə/ | Knochen /ˈknɔxən/ | Knochen /ˈknɔxən/ | Knochen /ˈknɔxən/ | Knaken /ˈknaːkən/ | Knochen /ˈknɔxən/ | Knocha /ˈknɔxɐ/ |
| Sangue | Blot /bloːt/ | Blut /bluːt/ | Blut /bluːt/ | Blut /bluːt/ | Bloot /bloːt/ | Blut /bluːt/ | Blut /bluːd/ |
| Cacca | Driss /dʁɪs/ | Kacke /ˈkakə/ | Kacke /ˈkakə/ | Kacke /ˈkakə/ | Schiet /ʃiːt/ | Kacke /ˈkakə/ | — |
| Amore | Leev /leːf/ | Liebe /liːbə/ | Liebe /liːbə/ | Liebe /liːbə/ | Leev /leːf/ | Liebe /ˈliːbə/ | Liebe /liːbə/ |
| Albero | Boum /baʊm/ | Baum /baʊ̯m/ | Baum /baʊ̯m/ | Baum /baʊ̯m/ | Boom /boːm/ | Baum /baʊm/ | Bauma /baʊmaː/ |
| Cane | Hongk /hoŋk/ | Hund /hʊnt/ | Hund /hʊnt/ | Hund /hʊnt/ | Hund /hʊnt/ | Hund /hʊnt/ | Hund /hʊnt/ |
| Gatto | Katz /kats/ | Katze /katsə/ | Katze /katsə/ | Katze /kɑtsə/ | Katt /kat/ | Katze /ˈkatsə/ | Katz /kats/ |
| Pesce | Fesch /fɛʃ/ | Fisch /fɪʃ/ | Fisch /fɪʃ/ | Fisch /fɪʃ/ | Fisch /fɪʃ/ | Fisch /fɪʃ/ | Fisch /fɪʃ/ |
| Uccello | Vugel /fʊɡəl/ | Vogel /ˈfoːɡl̩/ | Vogel /ˈfoːɡl̩/ | Vogel /ˈfoːɡl̩/ | Vagel /ˈfaːɣəl/ | Vogel /ˈfoːɡl̩/ | Vogel /ˈfoːɡl̩/ |
| Uovo | Ei /ai/ | Ei /aɪ/ | Ei /aɪ/ | Ei /aɪ/ | Ei /ai/ | Ei /aɪ/ | — |
| Orso | Bär /bɛːɐ/ | Bär /bɛːɐ̯/ | Bär /bɛːɐ̯/ | Bär /bɛːɐ̯/ | Boor /boːr/ | Bär /bɛːr/ | — |
| Cavallo | Pääd /pɛːt/ | Pferd /pfeːɐ̯t/ | Pferd /pfeːɐ̯t/ | Pferd /pfeːɐ̯t/ | Peerd /peːrt/ | Pferd /pfeːrt/ | — |
| Casa | Huus /huːs/ | Haus /haʊ̯s/ | Haus /haʊ̯s/ | Haus /haʊs/ | Huus /huːs/ | Haus /haʊs/ | Haus /haʊs/ |
| Latte | Milesch /ˈmɪləʃ/ | Milch /mɪlç/ | Milch /mɪlç/ | Milch /mɪlç/ | Melk /mɛlk/ | Milch /mɪlç/ | — |
| Miele | Honnich /ˈhɔnɪɕ/ | Honig /ˈhoːnɪç/ | Honig /ˈhoːnɪç/ | Honig /ˈhoːnɪk/ | Honnig /ˈhɔnɪç/ | Honig /ˈhoːnɪk/ | — |
| Sale | Salz /zalts/ | Salz /zalts/ | Salz /zalts/ | Salz /salts/ | Solt /zɔlt/ | Salz /salts/ | — |
| Vino | Wing /vɪŋ/ | Wein /vaɪ̯n/ | Wein /vaɪ̯n/ | Wein /vaɪ̯n/ | Wien /viːn/ | Wein /vaɪ̯n/ | — |
| Cioccolato | Schokolad /ʃokoˈlaːt/ | Schokolade /ʃokoˈlaːdə/ | Schokolade /ʃokoˈlaːdə/ | Schokolade /ʃokoˈlaːdə/ | Schokolaad /ʃokoˈlaːt/ | Schokolade /ʃokoˈlaːdə/ | — |
| Ferro | Ieser /ˈiːzɐ/ | Eisen /ˈaɪ̯zn̩/ | Eisen /ˈaɪ̯zn̩/ | Eisen /ˈaɪsn̩/ | Iesen /ˈiːzn̩/ | Eisen /ˈaɪsən/ | Eisn /ˈaɪsn̩/ |
| Ruota | Rad /ʁaːt/ | Rad /ʁaːt/ | Rad /ʁaːt/ | Rad /raːt/ | Rad /raːt/ | Rad /raːt/ | — |
| Libro | Booch /boːx/ | Buch /buːx/ | Buch /buːx/ | Buch /buːx/ | Book /boːk/ | Buch /buːx/ | — |
| Mangiare | esse /ɛsə/ | essen /ɛsn̩/ | essen /ɛsn̩/ | essen /ɛsn̩/ | eten /eːtn̩/ | essen /ˈɛsn̩/ | esse /ɛsə/ |
| Bere | drinke /dʁɪŋkə/ | trinken /tʁɪŋkn̩/ | trinken /tʁɪŋkn̩/ | trinken /ˈtrɪŋkn̩/ | drinken /drɪŋkn̩/ | trinken /ˈtrɪŋkn̩/ | trinke /trɪŋkə/ |
| Dormire | schlofe /ˈʃlɔfə/ | schlafen /ˈʃlaːfn̩/ | schlafen /ˈʃlaːfn̩/ | schlafen /ˈʃlaːfn̩/ | slapen /ˈslaːpn̩/ | schlafen /ˈʃlaːfn̩/ | schlafe /ʃlaːfə/ |
| Uno | ein /aɪn/ | eins /aɪ̯ns/ | eins /aɪ̯ns/ | eins /aɪ̯ns/ | een /eːn/ | eins /aɪ̯ns/ | ans /ans/ |
| Due | zwei /tsvai/ | zwei /tsvaɪ/ | zwei /tsvaɪ/ | zwei /tsvai/ | twee /tveː/ | zwei /tsvaɪ̯/ | zwaa /tsvaː/ |
| Tre | dree /dʁeː/ | drei /dʁaɪ̯/ | drei /dʁaɪ̯/ | drei /draɪ̯/ | dree /dreː/ | drei /draɪ̯/ | drei /draɪ/ |
| Quattro | veer /feːʁ/ | vier /fiːɐ̯/ | vier /fiːɐ̯/ | vier /fiːɐ̯/ | veer /feːɐ̯/ | vier /fiːr/ | vier /fiɐ/ |
| Cinque | fönnef /ˈfœnəf/ | fünf /fʏnf/ | fünf /fʏnf/ | fünf /fʏnf/ | fief /fiːf/ | fünf /fʏnf/ | fünf /fʏnf/ |
| Cento | hundert /ˈhʊndɐt/ | hundert /ˈhʊndɐt/ | hundert /ˈhʊndɐt/ | hundert /ˈhʊndɐt/ | hunnert /ˈhʊnɐt/ | hundert /ˈhʊndərt/ | — |
| Ciao | Tach /tax/ | Hallo /haloː/ | Hallo /haloː/ | Servus /zɛɐvʊs/ | Moin /mɔɪn/ | Hallo /haˈloː/ | Grüß Gott /ɡrʏs ɡɔt/ |
| Grazie | Dankeschön /daŋkəʃøːn/ | danke /daŋkə/ | danke /daŋkə/ | danke /daŋkə/ | Dankschöön /daŋkʃøːn/ | danke /ˈdaŋkə/ | Vergelt's Gott /fɛɐɡɛlts ɡɔt/ |
| Buono | joot /joːt/ | gut /ɡuːt/ | gut /ɡuːt/ | gut /ɡuːt/ | goot /ɡoːt/ | gut /ɡuːt/ | guad /ɡuə̯d/ |
| Nuovo | neu /nøʏ/ | neu /nɔɪ̯/ | neu /nɔɪ̯/ | neu /nɔɪ̯/ | nee /neː/ | neu /nɔɪ̯/ | — |
| Rosso | rud /ʁuːt/ | rot /ʁoːt/ | rot /ʁoːt/ | rot /roːt/ | root /roːt/ | rot /roːt/ | rood /roːd/ |
| Bianco | wieß /viːs/ | weiß /vaɪs/ | weiß /vaɪs/ | weiß /vaɪs/ | witt /vɪt/ | weiss /vaɪs/ | weiß /vaɪs/ |
| Nero | schwatz /ʃvats/ | schwarz /ʃvaʁts/ | schwarz /ʃvaʁts/ | schwarz /ʃvarts/ | swart /svart/ | schwarz /ʃvarts/ | — |
| Verde | jröön /jʁøːn/ | grün /ɡʁyːn/ | grün /ɡʁyːn/ | grün /ɡryːn/ | gröön /ɡrøːn/ | grün /ɡryːn/ | — |
| Blu | blau /blɔu/ | blau /blaʊ̯/ | blau /blaʊ̯/ | blau /blaʊ/ | blau /blaʊ/ | blau /blaʊ/ | — |
| Computer | Computer /komˈpjuːtɐ/ | Computer /kɔmˈpjuːtɐ/ | Computer /kɔmˈpjuːtɐ/ | Computer /kɔmˈpjuːtɐ/ | Computer /kɔmˈpjuːtɐ/ | Computer /kɔmˈpjuːtər/ | Computer /kɔmˈpjuːdɐ/ |
| Sushi | Sushi /ˈzuʃi/ | Sushi /ˈzuːʃi/ | Sushi /ˈzuːʃi/ | Sushi /ˈsuʃi/ | Sushi /ˈzuʃi/ | Sushi /ˈsuʃi/ | Sushi /ˈsuʃi/ |
| Tè | Tee /teː/ | Tee /teː/ | Tee /teː/ | Tee /teː/ | Tee /teː/ | Tee /teː/ | — |
| Caffè | Kaffe /ˈkafə/ | Kaffee /ˈkafe/ | Kaffee /ˈkafeː/ | Kaffee /kaˈfeː/ | Koffie /ˈkɔfi/ | Kaffee /ˈkafe/ | — |
| Zucchero | Zucker /ˈtsʊkɐ/ | Zucker /ˈtsʊkɐ/ | Zucker /ˈtsʊkɐ/ | Zucker /ˈtsʊkɐ/ | Sucker /ˈzʊkɐ/ | Zucker /ˈtsʊkər/ | — |
| Arancia | Appelsin /apəlˈsiːn/ | Orange /oˈʁãːʒə/ | Orange /oˈʁãːʒə/ | Orange /oˈraːnʒə/ | Apelsien /apəlˈziːn/ | Orange /oˈraŋʒə/ | — |
| Dopamina | Dopamin /dopaˈmiːn/ | Dopamin /dopaˈmiːn/ | Dopamin /dopaˈmiːn/ | Dopamin /dopaˈmiːn/ | Dopamin /dopaˈmiːn/ | Dopamin /dopaˈmiːn/ | — |
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