Mainfränkisch
Francone orientale
indoeuropeo (germanico, occidentale, alto tedesco, francone orientale superiore)
Il francone orientale (Ostfränkisch / Mainfränkisch) è un gruppo di dialetti dell'alto tedesco della Baviera centro-settentrionale (Franconia) e delle confinanti Turingia/Assia/Baden-Württemberg settentrionale. Si distingue sia dal bavarese (de_by, alto tedesco superiore) sia dal tedesco centrale (ad es. l'assiano) — si colloca sul confine linguistico francone-bavarese lungo la linea di Spira/Germersheim. Si caratterizza per tratti del Mainfränkisch come l'apocope (caduta della -e finale: «Hund» e non «Hunde»), la conservazione delle desinenze finali in -er e la caratteristica identità culturale dello «stile di vita francone» legata alla viticoltura nella valle del Meno.
Dove si parla
87 parole essenziali in francone orientale
Fonti
Parole a confronto
Confronto con lingue della stessa classificazione: indoeuropeo (germanico, occidentale, alto tedesco, francone orientale superiore)
| Significato | Francone orientale | Svevo | Tedesco austriaco | Tedesco lussemburghese | Tedesco di Pennsylvania | Tedesco | Bavarese |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acqua | Wasser /vasːə/ | Wasser /vasə/ | Wasser /vasɐ/ | Wasser /vasɐ/ | Wasser /vasər/ | Wasser /vasɐ/ | Wåssa /vɔsɐ/ |
| Fuoco | Feier /faɪɐ/ | Feuer /foiɐ/ | Feuer /fɔɪɐ/ | Feuer /fɔɪ̯ɐ/ | Feier /faɪər/ | Feuer /fɔɪ̯ɐ/ | Feia /fɔɪɐ/ |
| Sole | Sunn /sʊn/ | Sonne /sonə/ | Sonne /sɔnə/ | Sonne /zɔnə/ | Sunn /sʊn/ | Sonne /zɔnə/ | Sun /sʊn/ |
| Luna | Maa /maː/ | Mond /moːnd/ | Mond /moːnt/ | Mond /moːnt/ | Muun /muːn/ | Mond /moːnt/ | Moo /moː/ |
| Stella | Stern /ʃtɛrn/ | Schtern /ʃtɛrn/ | Stern /ʃtɛrn/ | Stern /ʃtɛʁn/ | Schtann /ʃtan/ | Stern /ʃtɛʁn/ | Stern /ʃtɛɐn/ |
| Notte | Nacht /naxt/ | Nacht /naxt/ | Nacht /naxt/ | Nacht /naxt/ | Nacht /naxt/ | Nacht /naxt/ | Nocht /noxt/ |
| Neve | Schnee /ʃneː/ | Schnee /ʃneː/ | Schnee /ʃneː/ | Schnee /ʃneː/ | Schnee /ʃneː/ | Schnee /ʃneː/ | Schnee /ʃneː/ |
| Vento | Wind /vɪnd/ | Wind /vɪnd/ | Wind /vɪnt/ | Wind /vɪnt/ | Wind /vɪnt/ | Wind /vɪnt/ | Wind /vind/ |
| Terra | Erd /ɛɐd/ | Erd /eːɐ̯d/ | Erde /eːɐdə/ | Erde /eːɐdə/ | Erd /ɛrt/ | Erde /eːɐdə/ | Erdn /ˈɛrdn̩/ |
| Madre | Mudder /mʊdɐ/ | Mädder /mɛdɐ/ | Mutter /mʊtɐ/ | Mutter /mʊtɐ/ | Mudder /mʊdər/ | Mutter /mʊtɐ/ | Muada /muɐdɐ/ |
| Padre | Vadder /fadɐ/ | Vadder /fadɐ/ | Vater /ˈfaːtɐ/ | Vater /faːtɐ/ | Daadi /daːdi/ | Vater /faːtɐ/ | Voda /ˈfɔːdɐ/ |
| Figlia | Dochder /dɔxdɐ/ | Dochder /ˈdɔxdɐ/ | Tochter /ˈtɔxtɐ/ | Tochter /tɔxtɐ/ | Dochder /dɔxdər/ | Tochter /ˈtɔxtɐ/ | Dochta /ˈdɔxtɐ/ |
| Io | i /i/ | i /i/ | ich /ɪç/ | ich /ɪç/ | ich /ɪç/ | ich /ɪç/ | i /i/ |
| Tu | du /du/ | du /du/ | du /duː/ | du /duː/ | du /du/ | du /duː/ | du /du/ |
| Noi | mir /miɐ/ | mir /miɐ/ | wir /viːɐ/ | wir /viːɐ̯/ | mir /miːɐ̯/ | wir /viːɐ̯/ | mia /miɐ/ |
| Nome | Nama /ˈnamɐ/ | Nama /ˈnamə/ | Name /ˈnaːmə/ | Name /ˈnaːmə/ | Naame /ˈnɔːmə/ | Name /ˈnaːmə/ | Nam /nãː/ |
| Occhio | Aach /aːx/ | Aug /aʊɡ/ | Auge /ˈaʊ̯ɡə/ | Auge /aʊ̯ɡə/ | Aag /ɔːk/ | Auge /aʊ̯ɡə/ | Aug /aʊɡ/ |
| Orecchio | Ohr /oːɐ/ | Ohr /oːr/ | Ohr /oːɐ̯/ | Ohr /oːɐ̯/ | Ohr /oːr/ | Ohr /oːɐ̯/ | Ohr /oːɐ/ |
| Dente | Zah /tsaː/ | Zah /tsaː/ | Zahn /tsaːn/ | Zahn /tsaːn/ | Zaah /tsɔː/ | Zahn /tsaːn/ | Zand /tsɔnt/ |
| Lingua | Zung /tsuŋ/ | Zong /tsoŋ/ | Zunge /ˈtsʊŋə/ | Zunge /ˈtsʊŋə/ | Zung /tsuŋ/ | Zunge /ˈtsʊŋə/ | Zunga /tsuŋɐ/ |
| Mano | Hand /hand/ | Hand /hand/ | Hand /hɑnt/ | Hand /hant/ | Hand /hant/ | Hand /hant/ | Hand /hɔnd/ |
| Piede | Fuß /fuːs/ | Fuaß /fuas/ | Fuß /fuːs/ | Fuß /fuːs/ | Fuuss /fuːs/ | Fuß /fuːs/ | Fuaß /fuɐs/ |
| Cuore | Herz /hɛrts/ | Herz /hɛɐts/ | Herz /hɛɐts/ | Herz /hɛʁts/ | Hatz /hats/ | Herz /hɛʁts/ | Heaz /hɛɐts/ |
| Osso | Knocha /ˈknɔxɐ/ | Knoche /ˈknoxə/ | Knochen /ˈknɔxən/ | Knochen /ˈknɔxən/ | Gnoche /ˈɡnoxə/ | Knochen /ˈknɔxən/ | Boan /boɐn/ |
| Sangue | Blut /bluːd/ | Bluat /bluat/ | Blut /bluːt/ | Blut /bluːt/ | Blut /blut/ | Blut /bluːt/ | Bluat /bluat/ |
| Amore | Liebe /liːbə/ | Liab /liə̯b/ | Liebe /liːbə/ | Liebe /liːbə/ | liewe /liːvə/ | Liebe /liːbə/ | Liab /liɐb/ |
| Albero | Bauma /baʊmaː/ | Baum /baum/ | Baum /baʊ̯m/ | Baum /baʊ̯m/ | Baam /ˈbɔːm/ | Baum /baʊ̯m/ | Bam /bãm/ |
| Cane | Hund /hʊnt/ | Hond /hond/ | Hund /hʊnt/ | Hund /hʊnt/ | Hund /hʊnt/ | Hund /hʊnt/ | Hund /hʊnd/ |
| Gatto | Katz /kats/ | Katz /kats/ | Katze /kɑtsə/ | Katze /katsə/ | Katz /kats/ | Katze /katsə/ | Katz /kʰats/ |
| Pesce | Fisch /fɪʃ/ | Fisch /fɪʃ/ | Fisch /fɪʃ/ | Fisch /fɪʃ/ | Fisch /fɪʃ/ | Fisch /fɪʃ/ | Fisch /fɪʃ/ |
| Uccello | Vogel /ˈfoːɡl̩/ | Vogel /foːɡl̩/ | Vogel /ˈfoːɡl̩/ | Vogel /ˈfoːɡl̩/ | Voggel /fɔɡəl/ | Vogel /ˈfoːɡl̩/ | Vogl /foːɡl̩/ |
| Farfalla | Schmetterling /ʃmɛdɐliŋ/ | Schmeddrleng /ˈʃmɛdɐlɛŋ/ | Schmetterling /ˈʃmɛtɐlɪŋ/ | Schmetterling /ˈʃmɛtɐlɪŋ/ | Fleddermaus /ˈflɛdərmaʊs/ | Schmetterling /ˈʃmɛtɐlɪŋ/ | Waifåita /vaifɔitɐ/ |
| Casa | Haus /haʊs/ | Hous /haus/ | Haus /haʊs/ | Haus /haʊ̯s/ | Haus /haʊs/ | Haus /haʊ̯s/ | Haus /haʊs/ |
| Ferro | Eisn /ˈaɪsn̩/ | Eisa /ˈaɪsa/ | Eisen /ˈaɪsn̩/ | Eisen /ˈaɪ̯zn̩/ | Eise /ˈaɪsə/ | Eisen /ˈaɪ̯zn̩/ | Eisn /ˈaisn̩/ |
| Mangiare | esse /ɛsə/ | essa /ɛsə/ | essen /ɛsn̩/ | essen /ɛsn̩/ | esse /ɛsə/ | essen /ɛsn̩/ | essn /ɛsn̩/ |
| Bere | trinke /trɪŋkə/ | drengga /drɛŋɡə/ | trinken /ˈtrɪŋkn̩/ | trinken /tʁɪŋkn̩/ | drinke /drɪŋkə/ | trinken /tʁɪŋkn̩/ | dringa /drɪŋɡɐ/ |
| Dormire | schlafe /ʃlaːfə/ | schlofa /ˈʃlofa/ | schlafen /ˈʃlaːfn̩/ | schlafen /ˈʃlaːfn̩/ | schlofe /ˈʃlɔfə/ | schlafen /ˈʃlaːfn̩/ | schlofa /ˈʃlofɐ/ |
| Uno | ans /ans/ | oine /ɔinə/ | eins /aɪ̯ns/ | eins /aɪ̯ns/ | eens /eːns/ | eins /aɪ̯ns/ | oans /oɐns/ |
| Due | zwaa /tsvaː/ | zwoi /tsvoɪ̯/ | zwei /tsvai/ | zwei /tsvaɪ/ | zwee /tsveː/ | zwei /tsvaɪ/ | zwoa /tsvoɐ/ |
| Tre | drei /draɪ/ | drei /draɪ/ | drei /draɪ̯/ | drei /dʁaɪ̯/ | drei /draɪ/ | drei /dʁaɪ̯/ | drei /draɪ/ |
| Quattro | vier /fiɐ/ | viar /fiɐ̯/ | vier /fiːɐ̯/ | vier /fiːɐ̯/ | vier /fiːɐ̯/ | vier /fiːɐ̯/ | fia /fiɐ/ |
| Cinque | fünf /fʏnf/ | femf /fɛmf/ | fünf /fʏnf/ | fünf /fʏnf/ | fimf /fɪmf/ | fünf /fʏnf/ | fümf /fʏmf/ |
| Ciao | Grüß Gott /ɡrʏs ɡɔt/ | Grüß Gott /ɡryːs ɡɔt/ | Servus /zɛɐvʊs/ | Hallo /haloː/ | Hallo /haloː/ | Hallo /haloː/ | Servus /sɛɐvʊs/ |
| Grazie | Vergelt's Gott /fɛɐɡɛlts ɡɔt/ | Danggschee /daŋkʃeː/ | danke /daŋkə/ | danke /daŋkə/ | Denki /dɛŋki/ | danke /daŋkə/ | Vagelts Gott /fɐɡɛlts ɡɔt/ |
| Buono | guad /ɡuə̯d/ | guad /ɡuə̯d/ | gut /ɡuːt/ | gut /ɡuːt/ | gut /ɡuːt/ | gut /ɡuːt/ | guad /ɡuɐd/ |
| Rosso | rood /roːd/ | rot /rod/ | rot /roːt/ | rot /ʁoːt/ | rot /rot/ | rot /ʁoːt/ | rot /rod/ |
| Bianco | weiß /vaɪs/ | weiß /vaɪs/ | weiß /vaɪs/ | weiß /vaɪs/ | weiss /vaɪs/ | weiß /vaɪs/ | weiß /vais/ |
| Cuculo | Gutzgauch /ˈɡʊtsɡaʊx/ | Guckguck /ˈɡʊkɡʊk/ | Kuckuck /ˈkʊkʊk/ | Kuckuck /ˈkʊkʊk/ | — | Kuckuck /ˈkʊkʊk/ | Kuckuck /ˈkʊkʊk/ |
| Computer | Computer /kɔmˈpjuːdɐ/ | — | Computer /kɔmˈpjuːtɐ/ | Computer /kɔmˈpjuːtɐ/ | Computer /kɔmˈpjuːtər/ | Computer /kɔmˈpjuːtɐ/ | Rechna /ˈrɛçnɐ/ |
| Wi-Fi | Wi-Fi /ˈvaɪfaɪ/ | — | Wi-Fi /ˈvaɪfaɪ/ | Wi-Fi /ˈvaɪfaɪ/ | — | Wi-Fi /ˈvaɪfaɪ/ | WiFi |
| Sushi | Sushi /ˈsuʃi/ | — | Sushi /ˈsuʃi/ | Sushi /ˈzuːʃi/ | — | Sushi /ˈzuːʃi/ | Suschi /ˈsuʃi/ |
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