Wichí Lhamtés
Wichí
famiglia mataco-mataguaya
Il wichí (un tempo mataco; autonimamente Wichí Lhamtés «la parlata wichí») è la principale lingua mataco-mataguaya, parlata da circa 50.000-60.000 wichí nella regione del Gran Chaco in Argentina, Bolivia e Paraguay. La famiglia mataco-mataguaya è piccola e isolata all'interno della linguistica sudamericana, e il wichí ne è il membro più numeroso accanto al nivaclé, al maká e al chorote. Dal punto di vista linguistico, il wichí presenta tratti tipici del mataco-mataguaya: allineamento nominativo-accusativo, particelle nominali di tipo classificatore e ordine dei costituenti SVO con tendenze al verbo finale. La comunità wichí è attiva nei movimenti argentini per i diritti degli indigeni dagli anni '90, con istruzione bilingue nelle province di Salta e Formosa.
Dove si parla
87 parole essenziali in wichí
Fonti
Parole a confronto
Confronto con lingue della stessa classificazione: famiglia mataco-mataguaya
| Significato | Wichí | Lingua chorote | Lingua nivaclé | Tojolabal | Nahuatl huasteca centrale | Tzeltal | Qʼeqchiʼ |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acqua | inät /inɑt/ | anat /anat/ | inɔʔt /inɔʔt/ | jaʼ /haʔ/ | atl /atɬ/ | jaʼ /haʔ/ | haʼ /haʔ/ |
| Fuoco | itäj /itɑx/ | etjeʔ /etjeʔ/ | itɔx /itɔx/ | kʼakʼ /kʼakʼ/ | tlitl /tɬitɬ/ | kʼajkʼ /kʼahkʼ/ | xam /ʃam/ |
| Sole | ifwala /ifʷala/ | kilaj /kilaj/ | xunkuklaʔj /xunkuklaʔj/ | kʼakʼu /kʼakʼu/ | tonati /tonati/ | kʼajkʼal /kʼahkʼal/ | saqʼe /saqʼe/ |
| Luna | welʼa /weʔla/ | weʔla /weʔla/ | xiweʔkla /xiweʔkla/ | ixaw /iʃaw/ | metztli /metstɬi/ | u /u/ | po /po/ |
| Stella | kates /kates/ | kates /kates/ | katiʔs /katiʔs/ | kʼanal /kʼanal/ | sitlalij /siˈtɬalih/ | ekʼ /ekʼ/ | chahim /tʃahim/ |
| Notte | honatsi /honatsi/ | axnax /axnax/ | tuɬ /tuɬ/ | aʼkwal /aʔkʷal/ | youali /jowali/ | ajkʼabal /ahkʼaɓal/ | qʼojyin /qʼoχjin/ |
| Pioggia | pelhay /peɬaj/ | pexla /pexla/ | tʃanu /tʃanu/ | — | kiyawit /kiˈjawit/ | jaʼal /haʔal/ | habʼ /haɓ/ |
| Vento | ihwok /ihʷok/ | laxwu /laxwu/ | ɬawiʔm /ɬawiʔm/ | ikʼ /ʔikʼ/ | ajakatl /ahakatɬ/ | ikʼ /ʔikʼ/ | iqʼ /iqʼ/ |
| Terra | honhat /hon̥at/ | axnat /axnat/ | kotsxaʔt /kotsxaʔt/ | luʼum /luʔum/ | tlali /tɬali/ | lum /lum/ | chʼochʼ /tʃʼotʃʼ/ |
| Pietra | tunte /tunte/ | poj /poj/ | utex /utex/ | ton /ton/ | tetl /tetɬ/ | ton /ton/ | pek /pek/ |
| Montagna | chenaj /tʃenax/ | takixnakiʔ /takixnakiʔ/ | utejuk /utejuk/ | wits /wits/ | tepetl /ˈtepeːtɬ/ | wits /wits/ | tzuul /tsuːl/ |
| Mare | lewomekitaj /lewomekitax/ | — | ɬkatsʼi towkojtsa /ɬkatsʼi towkojtsa/ | niwan paman jaʼ /niwan paman haʔ/ | hueyatl /ˈwejatɬ/ | mar /mar/ | palaw /palaw/ |
| Madre | lako /lako/ | meme /meme/ | mimi /mimi/ | nan /nan/ | nana /nana/ | meʼ /meʔ/ | naʼ /naʔ/ |
| Padre | lajcha /laxtʃa/ | naʔ /naʔ/ | tata /tata/ | tat /tat/ | tata /tata/ | tat /tat/ | yuwaʼ /juwaʔ/ |
| Figlia | lhäse /ɬɑse/ | axseʔ /axseʔ/ | ɔse /ɔse/ | ʼixukil /ʔiʃukil/ | noichpoca /noitʃˈpoka/ | antsil nichʼan /antsil nitʃʼan/ | rabʼin /raɓin/ |
| Io | olham /olam/ | jem /jem/ | jiwaatʃa /jiwaatʃa/ | keʼn /keʔn/ | na /na/ | joʼon /hoʔon/ | laaʼin /laːʔin/ |
| Tu | am /am/ | am /am/ | awaatʃa /awaatʃa/ | weʼn /weʔn/ | ta /ta/ | jaʼat /haʔat/ | laaʼat /laːʔat/ |
| Noi | olhamel /olamel/ | sam /sam/ | kaswaatʃa / jiwaatʃeeɬ /kaswaatʃa / jiwaatʃeeɬ/ | keʼntik / keʼntikon /keʔntik / keʔntikon/ | tojuanti /tohˈwanti/ | joʼotik / joʼotikon /hoʔotik / hoʔotikon/ | laaʼo /laːʔo/ |
| Nome | lhey /ɬej/ | ej /ej/ | ej /ej/ | bʼiʼil /ɓiʔil/ | tocaxtli /toˈkaʃtɬi/ | biil /ɓiːl/ | kʼabʼaʼej /kʼaɓaʔeχ/ |
| Persona | wichi /witʃi/ | injoʔ /injoʔ/ | niwakle /niwakle/ | winkil /winkil/ | masehuali /maseˈwali/ | ants winik /ants winik/ | poyanam /pojanam/ |
| Testa | lhetek /ɬetek/ | xetek /xetek/ | ʃatitʃ /ʃatitʃ/ | ʼolom /ʔolom/ | tzontecomitl /tsonteˈkomitɬ/ | jol /hol/ | jolom /χolom/ |
| Occhio | tatelho /tateɬo/ | tateʔ /tateʔ/ | tɔsex /tɔsex/ | satej /sateh/ | ixtioli /iʃtioli/ | sit /sit/ | xnaqʼ u /ʃnaqʼ u/ |
| Orecchio | lechʼote /letʃʼote/ | kjoteʔ /kjoteʔ/ | kfeʔ /kfeʔ/ | chikin /tʃikin/ | nacastli /nakastɬi/ | chikin /tʃikin/ | xik /ʃik/ |
| Naso | lenhus /len̥us/ | xnatowo /xnatowo/ | naʔʃ /naʔʃ/ | niʼ /niʔ/ | yakatsoli /jakatsoli/ | niʼ /niʔ/ | uʼuj /uʔuχ/ |
| Bocca | lakʼaj /lakʼax/ | aj /aj/ | aʃi /aʃi/ | tiʼ /tiʔ/ | camactli /kaˈmaktɬi/ | tiʼ /tiʔ/ | e /e/ |
| Dente | tsuteʼ /tsuteʔ/ | afʷeʔ /afʷeʔ/ | tsewte /tsewte/ | ex /eʃ/ | tlankoch /tɬankotʃ/ | ehal /ehal/ | ruuch e /ruːtʃ e/ |
| Lingua | lakʼajlhichʼu /lakʼaxɬitʃʼu/ | kax /kax/ | tʃʼakletʃ /tʃʼakletʃ/ | akʼ /akʼ/ | nenepili /nenepili/ | akʼ /akʼ/ | aqʼ /aqʼ/ |
| Mano | takwey /takʷej/ | kjoj /kjoj/ | pɔʔkɔt /pɔʔkɔt/ | kʼabʼ /kʼaɓ/ | maitl /maitɬ/ | kʼab /kʼab/ | uqʼm /uqʼm/ |
| Piede | pachʼu /patʃʼu/ | kalaʔ /kalaʔ/ | foʔ /foʔ/ | ok /ok/ | icxitl /ikʃitɬ/ | ok /ok/ | oq /oq/ |
| Cuore | lehusek /lehusek/ | oxtaleʔ /oxtaleʔ/ | ɬiʔwte /ɬiʔwte/ | altzil /altsil/ | yolotl /jolotɬ/ | oʼtan /oʔtan/ | chʼoolej /tʃʼoːlej/ |
| Osso | lhile /ɬile/ | weʔlak /weʔlak/ | nuʔ /nuʔ/ | bakel /ɓakel/ | omitl /omitɬ/ | bak /ɓak/ | bʼaq /ɓaq/ |
| Sangue | lewʼoyis /lewʼojis/ | wojis /wojis/ | wojej /wojej/ | chikʼel /tʃikʼel/ | estli /estɬi/ | chʼichʼ /tʃʼitʃʼ/ | kikʼ /kikʼ/ |
| Cacca | yʼamuk /jʼamuk/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | kʼoy /kʼoj/ | cuitlatl /ˈkʷitɬatɬ/ | tsaʼ /tsaʔ/ | kʼot /kʼot/ |
| Amore | ihemin /ihemin/ | soon /soon/ | — /—/ | skʼana /skʼana/ | tlazohtla /tɬasoʔtɬa/ | kʼanbey /kʼanbej/ | rahok /rahok/ |
| Albero | halʼä /haʔlɑ/ | alaʔ /alaʔ/ | aʔkxutajuk /aʔkxutajuk/ | teʼ /teʔ/ | cuahuitl /kʷawitɬ/ | teʼ /teʔ/ | cheʼ /tʃeʔ/ |
| Cane | asinaj /asinax/ | noʔo /noʔo/ | nuʔu /nuʔu/ | tsʼiʼ /tsʼiʔ/ | chichi /tʃitʃi/ | tsʼiʼ /tsʼiʔ/ | tzʼiʼ /tsʼiʔ/ |
| Gatto | mitsi /mitsi/ | tinuk /tinuk/ | tanuk /tanuk/ | mis /mis/ | misto /misto/ | mis /mis/ | mes /mes/ |
| Pesce | wʼahat /wʼahat/ | sijus /sijus/ | saxetʃ /saxetʃ/ | chay /tʃaj/ | michi /mitʃi/ | chay /tʃaj/ | kar /kar/ |
| Uccello | afwenche /afʷentʃe/ | afʷena /afʷena/ | ɔxɔklɔ /ɔxɔklɔ/ | yal chan /jal tʃan/ | tototl /tototɬ/ | mut /mut/ | tzʼik /tsʼik/ |
| Farfalla | chukuk /tʃukuk/ | kopijeʔ /kopijeʔ/ | wosok /wosok/ | pejpen /pehpen/ | papalotl /paˈpalotɬ/ | pejpen /pehpen/ | peepem /peːpem/ |
| Uovo | lhichʼu /ɬitʃʼu/ | leʔkjuʔ /leʔkjuʔ/ | ɬʃajkʼu /ɬʃajkʼu/ | nolobʼ /noloɓ/ | tejsistli /tehsistɬi/ | tomut /tomut/ | mol /mol/ |
| Orso | selaj /selax/ | — | — | oso /oso/ | oso /oso/ | oso /oso/ | oos /oːs/ |
| Cavallo | yelʼataj /jeʔlatax/ | alenta /alenta/ | kuwɔju /kuwɔju/ | kawu /kawu/ | kauayoj /kaˈwajoh/ | kawu /kawu/ | kawaay /kawaːj/ |
| Casa | lewukwe /lewukʷe/ | sawo /sawo/ | xpɔjitʃ /xpɔjitʃ/ | naj /nah/ | kali /kali/ | na /na/ | ochoch /otʃotʃ/ |
| Latte | letsi /letsi/ | kajtjos /kajtjos/ | tsʼoʔs /tsʼoʔs/ | lech /letʃ/ | lechi /letʃi/ | lech /letʃ/ | leech /leːtʃ/ |
| Miele | akäyek /akɑjek/ | wonateʔ /wonateʔ/ | akɔjetʃ /akɔjetʃ/ | chab /tʃaɓ/ | necti /nekti/ | chab /tʃab/ | xyaʼal kabʼ /ʃjaʔal kaɓ/ |
| Sale | nisoy /nisoj/ | sifʷoniʔ /sifʷoniʔ/ | naʔpkutax /naʔpkutax/ | atsʼam /atsʼam/ | istatl /istatɬ/ | atsʼam /atsʼam/ | atzʼam /atsʼam/ |
| Vino | wina /wiˈna/ | — | ɔtxajetax tʼiʔ /ɔtxajetax tʼiʔ/ | yaalel tzʼusub /jaːlel tsʼusub/ | xocomeca at /ʃokomeka at/ | vino /bino/ | bʼiin /ɓiːn/ |
| Riso | alus /alus/ | xupitok /xupitok/ | — | ʼaros /ʔaros/ | arroz /aˈros/ | — | aros /aros/ |
| Ferro | chinaj /tʃinax/ | ot /ot/ | klesaniɬ /klesaniɬ/ | takʼin /takʼin/ | tepostli /tepostɬi/ | takʼin /takʼin/ | chʼiichʼ /tʃʼiːtʃʼ/ |
| Ruota | mak kolo /mak kolo/ | xikalaʔ /xikalaʔ/ | tononontax ɬafoʔ /tononontax ɬafoʔ/ | rweda /rweda/ | rueda /rweda/ | — | rueda /rweda/ |
| Seta | seda /seda/ | — | — | seda /seda/ | seda /ˈseda/ | seda /seda/ | seda /seda/ |
| Libro | liwlu /liwlu/ | xokinek /xokinek/ | watkʼisxajanatʃ /watkʼisxajanatʃ/ | juʼun /huʔun/ | amochtli /aˈmotʃtɬi/ | jun /hun/ | hu /hu/ |
| Mangiare | tʼek /tʼek/ | jekjun /jekjun/ | tux /tux/ | waʼel /waʔel/ | tlacua /tɬakʷa/ | weʼel /weʔel/ | waʼak /waʔak/ |
| Bere | iyä /ijɑ/ | je /je/ | jɔʔ /jɔʔ/ | ukʼ /ukʼ/ | atli /atɬi/ | uchʼel /utʃʼel/ | ukʼak /ukʼak/ |
| Dormire | imä /imɑ/ | maʔa /maʔa/ | mɔʔ /mɔʔ/ | wayel /wajel/ | cochi /ˈkotʃi/ | way /waj/ | wark /wark/ |
| Uno | elh /eɬ/ | ifʷjenni /ifʷjenni/ | weʔɬa /weʔɬa/ | jun /hun/ | ce /se/ | jun /hun/ | jun /χun/ |
| Due | nitewk /nitewk/ | intak /intak/ | napuʔ /napuʔ/ | chabʼ /tʃaɓ/ | ome /ˈome/ | cheb /tʃeb/ | wiibʼ /wiːɓ/ |
| Tre | laxtumxwaya /laxtumxʷaja/ | iwjeʔtsjela /iwjeʔtsjela/ | puʔxaʔna /puʔxaʔna/ | oxe /oʃe/ | eyi /ejiː/ | oxeb /oʃeb/ | oxibʼ /oʃiɓ/ |
| Cento | sien /sjen/ | — | — | joʼ winkeʼ /hoʔ winkeʔ/ | cien /sjen/ | joʼ winik /hoʔ winik/ | oʼkʼaal /oʔkʼaːl/ |
| Ciao | hayej /hajex/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | lekilukʼ /lekilukʼ/ | niltze /niltse/ | banti winik /banti winik/ | ma saʼ laachʼool /ma saʔ laːtʃʼoːl/ |
| Grazie | nehayij /nehajix/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | yuj /juh/ | tlaskamati /tɬaskamati/ | wokol awal /wokol awal/ | bantyox /bantjoʃ/ |
| Buono | is /is/ | es /es/ | is /is/ | lek /lek/ | kuali /kʷali/ | lek /lek/ | us /us/ |
| Nuovo | nechʼayek /netʃʼajek/ | inkjeʔ /inkjeʔ/ | nitʃʼa /nitʃʼa/ | yajkʼachil /jahkʼatʃil/ | yancuic /ˈjankʷik/ | achʼ /atʃʼ/ | akʼ /akʼ/ |
| Rosso | chot /tʃot/ | isjet /isjet/ | juk /juk/ | chak /tʃak/ | chichiltik /tʃitʃiltik/ | tsajal /tsahal/ | kaq /kaq/ |
| Bianco | pelaj /pelax/ | lemiʔ /lemiʔ/ | klim /klim/ | sak /sak/ | istak /istak/ | sak /sak/ | saq /saq/ |
| Nero | chalaj /tʃalax/ | tula /tula/ | jakut /jakut/ | kʼikʼ /kʼikʼ/ | yayahuic /jaˈjawik/ | ijkʼal /ihkʼal/ | qʼeq /qʼeq/ |
| Verde | watsan /watsan/ | watso /watso/ | nipewajʃi /nipewajʃi/ | yaʼax /jaʔaʃ/ | xoxohuic /ʃoˈʃowik/ | yax /jaʃ/ | rax /raʃ/ |
| Blu | watsan /watsan/ | lasa /lasa/ | jaka /jaka/ | yaʼax /jaʔaʃ/ | azultic /aˈsultik/ | yax /jaʃ/ | rax /raʃ/ |
| Cuculo | hotsenʼi /hotsenˈʔi/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — | — | — | ixnam /iʃˈnam/ |
| Tè | te /te/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | té /te/ | té /te/ | té /te/ | te /te/ |
| Caffè | kafwe /kafʷe/ | — | — | kajpe /kahpe/ | kafej /kafeh/ | kajpel /kahpel/ | kape /kape/ |
| Zucchero | asukwi /asukʷi/ | titsojinlamak /titsojinlamak/ | tʃʼiʃi /tʃʼiʃi/ | sakal askal /sakal ʔaskal/ | chanchaka /tʃantʃaka/ | sakil asukal /sakil asukal/ | asuukr /asuːkɾ/ |
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