Boarisch
Bavarese
indoeuropeo
Il bavarese (Boarisch) è una varietà dell'alto tedesco superiore parlata da circa 14 milioni di persone in Baviera, nella maggior parte dell'Austria (escluso il Vorarlberg) e nella regione dell'Alto Adige in Italia. Sebbene politicamente classificato come dialetto tedesco, i linguisti considerano il bavarese una lingua germanica occidentale distinta, con una propria grammatica, un proprio lessico e una propria fonologia — i parlanti di tedesco standard di norma non riescono a comprendere il bavarese parlato senza esservi stati esposti. Dal punto di vista linguistico, il bavarese conserva tratti arcaici del medio alto tedesco e ha innovato caratteristiche uniche come il pronome duale «es/enk» (voi-due). La lingua esiste in un forte continuum dialettale che si estende dal bavarese settentrionale, attraverso il bavarese centrale (la forma di prestigio di Monaco/Vienna), fino al bavarese meridionale (Tirolo/Carinzia/Alto Adige). Nonostante i numeri vivaci, l'UNESCO lo classifica come vulnerabile a causa dell'incessante pressione del tedesco standard nell'istruzione e nei media.
Dove si parla
87 parole essenziali in bavarese
WiFi
Dopamin
Fonti
Parole a confronto
Confronto con lingue della stessa classificazione: indoeuropeo
| Significato | Bavarese | Francone orientale | Svevo | Tedesco austriaco | Tedesco standard svizzero | Tedesco | Tedesco lussemburghese |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acqua | Wåssa /vɔsɐ/ | Wasser /vasːə/ | Wasser /vasə/ | Wasser /vasɐ/ | Wasser /ˈvasər/ | Wasser /vasɐ/ | Wasser /vasɐ/ |
| Fuoco | Feia /fɔɪɐ/ | Feier /faɪɐ/ | Feuer /foiɐ/ | Feuer /fɔɪɐ/ | Feuer /ˈfɔɪ̯ər/ | Feuer /fɔɪ̯ɐ/ | Feuer /fɔɪ̯ɐ/ |
| Sole | Sun /sʊn/ | Sunn /sʊn/ | Sonne /sonə/ | Sonne /sɔnə/ | Sonne /ˈsɔnə/ | Sonne /zɔnə/ | Sonne /zɔnə/ |
| Luna | Moo /moː/ | Maa /maː/ | Mond /moːnd/ | Mond /moːnt/ | Mond /moːnt/ | Mond /moːnt/ | Mond /moːnt/ |
| Stella | Stern /ʃtɛɐn/ | Stern /ʃtɛrn/ | Schtern /ʃtɛrn/ | Stern /ʃtɛrn/ | Stern /ʃtɛrn/ | Stern /ʃtɛʁn/ | Stern /ʃtɛʁn/ |
| Notte | Nocht /noxt/ | Nacht /naxt/ | Nacht /naxt/ | Nacht /naxt/ | Nacht /naxt/ | Nacht /naxt/ | Nacht /naxt/ |
| Pioggia | Regn /ˈreːɡn̩/ | — | Rega /ˈreːɡə/ | Regen /ˈreːɡn̩/ | Regen /ˈreːɡən/ | Regen /ˈʁeːɡn̩/ | Regen /ˈʁeːɡn̩/ |
| Neve | Schnee /ʃneː/ | Schnee /ʃneː/ | Schnee /ʃneː/ | Schnee /ʃneː/ | Schnee /ʃneː/ | Schnee /ʃneː/ | Schnee /ʃneː/ |
| Vento | Wind /vind/ | Wind /vɪnd/ | Wind /vɪnd/ | Wind /vɪnt/ | Wind /vɪnt/ | Wind /vɪnt/ | Wind /vɪnt/ |
| Terra | Erdn /ˈɛrdn̩/ | Erd /ɛɐd/ | Erd /eːɐ̯d/ | Erde /eːɐdə/ | Erde /ˈeːrdə/ | Erde /eːɐdə/ | Erde /eːɐdə/ |
| Pietra | Stoa /ʃtoɐ/ | — | Stoi /ʃtoi/ | Stein /ʃtaɪn/ | Stein /ʃtaɪn/ | Stein /ʃtaɪn/ | Stein /ʃtaɪn/ |
| Montagna | Beag /bɛɐɡ/ | — | Berg /bɛrɡ/ | Berg /bɛɐk/ | Berg /bɛrk/ | Berg /bɛʁk/ | Berg /bɛʁk/ |
| Mare | Meea /meːɐ/ | — | Meer /meːr/ | Meer /meːɐ̯/ | Meer /meːr/ | Meer /meːɐ̯/ | Meer /meːɐ̯/ |
| Madre | Muada /muɐdɐ/ | Mudder /mʊdɐ/ | Mädder /mɛdɐ/ | Mutter /mʊtɐ/ | Mutter /ˈmʊtər/ | Mutter /mʊtɐ/ | Mutter /mʊtɐ/ |
| Padre | Voda /ˈfɔːdɐ/ | Vadder /fadɐ/ | Vadder /fadɐ/ | Vater /ˈfaːtɐ/ | Vater /ˈfaːtər/ | Vater /faːtɐ/ | Vater /faːtɐ/ |
| Figlia | Dochta /ˈdɔxtɐ/ | Dochder /dɔxdɐ/ | Dochder /ˈdɔxdɐ/ | Tochter /ˈtɔxtɐ/ | Tochter /ˈtɔxtər/ | Tochter /ˈtɔxtɐ/ | Tochter /tɔxtɐ/ |
| Io | i /i/ | i /i/ | i /i/ | ich /ɪç/ | ich /ɪç/ | ich /ɪç/ | ich /ɪç/ |
| Tu | du /du/ | du /du/ | du /du/ | du /duː/ | du /duː/ | du /duː/ | du /duː/ |
| Noi | mia /miɐ/ | mir /miɐ/ | mir /miɐ/ | wir /viːɐ/ | wir /viːr/ | wir /viːɐ̯/ | wir /viːɐ̯/ |
| Nome | Nam /nãː/ | Nama /ˈnamɐ/ | Nama /ˈnamə/ | Name /ˈnaːmə/ | Name /ˈnaːmə/ | Name /ˈnaːmə/ | Name /ˈnaːmə/ |
| Persona | Mensch /mɛnʃ/ | — | Mensch /mɛnʃ/ | Mensch /mɛnʃ/ | Mensch /mɛnʃ/ | Mensch /mɛnʃ/ | Mensch /mɛnʃ/ |
| Testa | Kobf /kʰoːbf/ | — | Kopf /kɔpf/ | Kopf /kɔpf/ | Kopf /kɔpf/ | Kopf /kɔpf/ | Kopf /kɔpf/ |
| Occhio | Aug /aʊɡ/ | Aach /aːx/ | Aug /aʊɡ/ | Auge /ˈaʊ̯ɡə/ | Auge /ˈaʊɡə/ | Auge /aʊ̯ɡə/ | Auge /aʊ̯ɡə/ |
| Orecchio | Ohr /oːɐ/ | Ohr /oːɐ/ | Ohr /oːr/ | Ohr /oːɐ̯/ | Ohr /oːr/ | Ohr /oːɐ̯/ | Ohr /oːɐ̯/ |
| Naso | Nosn /ˈnosn̩/ | — | Nas /nas/ | Nase /ˈnaːsə/ | Nase /ˈnaːsə/ | Nase /ˈnaːzə/ | Nase /ˈnaːzə/ |
| Bocca | Mai /maɪ/ | — | Gosch /ɡɔʃ/ | Mund /mʊnt/ | Mund /mʊnt/ | Mund /mʊnt/ | Mund /mʊnt/ |
| Dente | Zand /tsɔnt/ | Zah /tsaː/ | Zah /tsaː/ | Zahn /tsaːn/ | Zahn /tsaːn/ | Zahn /tsaːn/ | Zahn /tsaːn/ |
| Lingua | Zunga /tsuŋɐ/ | Zung /tsuŋ/ | Zong /tsoŋ/ | Zunge /ˈtsʊŋə/ | Zunge /ˈtsʊŋə/ | Zunge /ˈtsʊŋə/ | Zunge /ˈtsʊŋə/ |
| Mano | Hand /hɔnd/ | Hand /hand/ | Hand /hand/ | Hand /hɑnt/ | Hand /hant/ | Hand /hant/ | Hand /hant/ |
| Piede | Fuaß /fuɐs/ | Fuß /fuːs/ | Fuaß /fuas/ | Fuß /fuːs/ | Fuss /fuːs/ | Fuß /fuːs/ | Fuß /fuːs/ |
| Cuore | Heaz /hɛɐts/ | Herz /hɛrts/ | Herz /hɛɐts/ | Herz /hɛɐts/ | Herz /hɛrts/ | Herz /hɛʁts/ | Herz /hɛʁts/ |
| Osso | Boan /boɐn/ | Knocha /ˈknɔxɐ/ | Knoche /ˈknoxə/ | Knochen /ˈknɔxən/ | Knochen /ˈknɔxən/ | Knochen /ˈknɔxən/ | Knochen /ˈknɔxən/ |
| Sangue | Bluat /bluat/ | Blut /bluːd/ | Bluat /bluat/ | Blut /bluːt/ | Blut /bluːt/ | Blut /bluːt/ | Blut /bluːt/ |
| Cacca | Gacki /ˈɡaɡi/ | — | Schdingr /ˈʃdɪŋɐ/ | Kacke /ˈkakə/ | Kacke /ˈkakə/ | Kacke /ˈkakə/ | Kacke /ˈkakə/ |
| Amore | Liab /liɐb/ | Liebe /liːbə/ | Liab /liə̯b/ | Liebe /liːbə/ | Liebe /ˈliːbə/ | Liebe /liːbə/ | Liebe /liːbə/ |
| Albero | Bam /bãm/ | Bauma /baʊmaː/ | Baum /baum/ | Baum /baʊ̯m/ | Baum /baʊm/ | Baum /baʊ̯m/ | Baum /baʊ̯m/ |
| Cane | Hund /hʊnd/ | Hund /hʊnt/ | Hond /hond/ | Hund /hʊnt/ | Hund /hʊnt/ | Hund /hʊnt/ | Hund /hʊnt/ |
| Gatto | Katz /kʰats/ | Katz /kats/ | Katz /kats/ | Katze /kɑtsə/ | Katze /ˈkatsə/ | Katze /katsə/ | Katze /katsə/ |
| Pesce | Fisch /fɪʃ/ | Fisch /fɪʃ/ | Fisch /fɪʃ/ | Fisch /fɪʃ/ | Fisch /fɪʃ/ | Fisch /fɪʃ/ | Fisch /fɪʃ/ |
| Uccello | Vogl /foːɡl̩/ | Vogel /ˈfoːɡl̩/ | Vogel /foːɡl̩/ | Vogel /ˈfoːɡl̩/ | Vogel /ˈfoːɡl̩/ | Vogel /ˈfoːɡl̩/ | Vogel /ˈfoːɡl̩/ |
| Farfalla | Waifåita /vaifɔitɐ/ | Schmetterling /ʃmɛdɐliŋ/ | Schmeddrleng /ˈʃmɛdɐlɛŋ/ | Schmetterling /ˈʃmɛtɐlɪŋ/ | Schmetterling /ˈʃmɛtərlɪŋ/ | Schmetterling /ˈʃmɛtɐlɪŋ/ | Schmetterling /ˈʃmɛtɐlɪŋ/ |
| Uovo | Oa /oɐ/ | — | Oi /ɔɪ/ | Ei /aɪ/ | Ei /aɪ/ | Ei /aɪ/ | Ei /aɪ/ |
| Orso | Bär /bɛɐ/ | — | Bèèar /bɛːɐ/ | Bär /bɛːɐ̯/ | Bär /bɛːr/ | Bär /bɛːɐ̯/ | Bär /bɛːɐ̯/ |
| Cavallo | Roß /rɔs/ | — | Gaul /ɡaul/ | Pferd /pfeːɐ̯t/ | Pferd /pfeːrt/ | Pferd /pfeːɐ̯t/ | Pferd /pfeːɐ̯t/ |
| Casa | Haus /haʊs/ | Haus /haʊs/ | Hous /haus/ | Haus /haʊs/ | Haus /haʊs/ | Haus /haʊ̯s/ | Haus /haʊ̯s/ |
| Latte | Muich /muɪx/ | — | Millich /ˈmɪlɪç/ | Milch /mɪlç/ | Milch /mɪlç/ | Milch /mɪlç/ | Milch /mɪlç/ |
| Miele | Heng /hɛŋ/ | — | Honig /ˈhoːnɪɡ/ | Honig /ˈhoːnɪk/ | Honig /ˈhoːnɪk/ | Honig /ˈhoːnɪç/ | Honig /ˈhoːnɪç/ |
| Sale | Soiz /sɔɪts/ | — | Salz /salts/ | Salz /salts/ | Salz /salts/ | Salz /zalts/ | Salz /zalts/ |
| Vino | Wei /vaɪ/ | — | Woi /voɪ̯/ | Wein /vaɪ̯n/ | Wein /vaɪ̯n/ | Wein /vaɪ̯n/ | Wein /vaɪ̯n/ |
| Riso | Reis /raɪs/ | — | — | Reis /raɪ̯s/ | Reis /raɪs/ | Reis /ʁaɪs/ | Reis /ʁaɪs/ |
| Cioccolato | Schoklad /ʃoɡˈlɑːd/ | — | Schoklad /ʃoˈklaːd/ | Schokolade /ʃokoˈlaːdə/ | Schokolade /ʃokoˈlaːdə/ | Schokolade /ʃokoˈlaːdə/ | Schokolade /ʃokoˈlaːdə/ |
| Ferro | Eisn /ˈaisn̩/ | Eisn /ˈaɪsn̩/ | Eisa /ˈaɪsa/ | Eisen /ˈaɪsn̩/ | Eisen /ˈaɪsən/ | Eisen /ˈaɪ̯zn̩/ | Eisen /ˈaɪ̯zn̩/ |
| Ruota | Rod /rod/ | — | Rad /rad/ | Rad /raːt/ | Rad /raːt/ | Rad /ʁaːt/ | Rad /ʁaːt/ |
| Seta | Seidn /ˈsaɪdn̩/ | — | — | Seide /ˈsaɪ̯də/ | Seide /ˈsaɪdə/ | Seide /ˈzaɪdə/ | Seide /ˈzaɪdə/ |
| Libro | Buach /buɐx/ | — | Buach /buax/ | Buch /buːx/ | Buch /buːx/ | Buch /buːx/ | Buch /buːx/ |
| Mangiare | essn /ɛsn̩/ | esse /ɛsə/ | essa /ɛsə/ | essen /ɛsn̩/ | essen /ˈɛsn̩/ | essen /ɛsn̩/ | essen /ɛsn̩/ |
| Bere | dringa /drɪŋɡɐ/ | trinke /trɪŋkə/ | drengga /drɛŋɡə/ | trinken /ˈtrɪŋkn̩/ | trinken /ˈtrɪŋkn̩/ | trinken /tʁɪŋkn̩/ | trinken /tʁɪŋkn̩/ |
| Dormire | schlofa /ˈʃlofɐ/ | schlafe /ʃlaːfə/ | schlofa /ˈʃlofa/ | schlafen /ˈʃlaːfn̩/ | schlafen /ˈʃlaːfn̩/ | schlafen /ˈʃlaːfn̩/ | schlafen /ˈʃlaːfn̩/ |
| Uno | oans /oɐns/ | ans /ans/ | oine /ɔinə/ | eins /aɪ̯ns/ | eins /aɪ̯ns/ | eins /aɪ̯ns/ | eins /aɪ̯ns/ |
| Due | zwoa /tsvoɐ/ | zwaa /tsvaː/ | zwoi /tsvoɪ̯/ | zwei /tsvai/ | zwei /tsvaɪ̯/ | zwei /tsvaɪ/ | zwei /tsvaɪ/ |
| Tre | drei /draɪ/ | drei /draɪ/ | drei /draɪ/ | drei /draɪ̯/ | drei /draɪ̯/ | drei /dʁaɪ̯/ | drei /dʁaɪ̯/ |
| Quattro | fia /fiɐ/ | vier /fiɐ/ | viar /fiɐ̯/ | vier /fiːɐ̯/ | vier /fiːr/ | vier /fiːɐ̯/ | vier /fiːɐ̯/ |
| Cinque | fümf /fʏmf/ | fünf /fʏnf/ | femf /fɛmf/ | fünf /fʏnf/ | fünf /fʏnf/ | fünf /fʏnf/ | fünf /fʏnf/ |
| Cento | hundad /ˈhʊndɐd/ | — | hondrd /ˈhondɐd/ | hundert /ˈhʊndɐt/ | hundert /ˈhʊndərt/ | hundert /ˈhʊndɐt/ | hundert /ˈhʊndɐt/ |
| Ciao | Servus /sɛɐvʊs/ | Grüß Gott /ɡrʏs ɡɔt/ | Grüß Gott /ɡryːs ɡɔt/ | Servus /zɛɐvʊs/ | Hallo /haˈloː/ | Hallo /haloː/ | Hallo /haloː/ |
| Grazie | Vagelts Gott /fɐɡɛlts ɡɔt/ | Vergelt's Gott /fɛɐɡɛlts ɡɔt/ | Danggschee /daŋkʃeː/ | danke /daŋkə/ | danke /ˈdaŋkə/ | danke /daŋkə/ | danke /daŋkə/ |
| Buono | guad /ɡuɐd/ | guad /ɡuə̯d/ | guad /ɡuə̯d/ | gut /ɡuːt/ | gut /ɡuːt/ | gut /ɡuːt/ | gut /ɡuːt/ |
| Nuovo | nei /naɪ/ | — | nei /naɪ/ | neu /nɔɪ̯/ | neu /nɔɪ̯/ | neu /nɔɪ̯/ | neu /nɔɪ̯/ |
| Rosso | rot /rod/ | rood /roːd/ | rot /rod/ | rot /roːt/ | rot /roːt/ | rot /ʁoːt/ | rot /ʁoːt/ |
| Bianco | weiß /vais/ | weiß /vaɪs/ | weiß /vaɪs/ | weiß /vaɪs/ | weiss /vaɪs/ | weiß /vaɪs/ | weiß /vaɪs/ |
| Nero | schwoarz /ʃvoɐts/ | — | schwarz /ʃvarts/ | schwarz /ʃvarts/ | schwarz /ʃvarts/ | schwarz /ʃvaʁts/ | schwarz /ʃvaʁts/ |
| Verde | grea /ɡreɐ/ | — | grea /ɡreə̯/ | grün /ɡryːn/ | grün /ɡryːn/ | grün /ɡʁyːn/ | grün /ɡʁyːn/ |
| Blu | blau /blaʊ/ | — | — | blau /blaʊ/ | blau /blaʊ/ | blau /blaʊ̯/ | blau /blaʊ̯/ |
| Cuculo | Kuckuck /ˈkʊkʊk/ | Gutzgauch /ˈɡʊtsɡaʊx/ | Guckguck /ˈɡʊkɡʊk/ | Kuckuck /ˈkʊkʊk/ | Kuckuck /ˈkʊkʊk/ | Kuckuck /ˈkʊkʊk/ | Kuckuck /ˈkʊkʊk/ |
| Computer | Rechna /ˈrɛçnɐ/ | Computer /kɔmˈpjuːdɐ/ | — | Computer /kɔmˈpjuːtɐ/ | Computer /kɔmˈpjuːtər/ | Computer /kɔmˈpjuːtɐ/ | Computer /kɔmˈpjuːtɐ/ |
| Wi-Fi | WiFi | Wi-Fi /ˈvaɪfaɪ/ | — | Wi-Fi /ˈvaɪfaɪ/ | — | Wi-Fi /ˈvaɪfaɪ/ | Wi-Fi /ˈvaɪfaɪ/ |
| Sushi | Suschi /ˈsuʃi/ | Sushi /ˈsuʃi/ | — | Sushi /ˈsuʃi/ | Sushi /ˈsuʃi/ | Sushi /ˈzuːʃi/ | Sushi /ˈzuːʃi/ |
| Tè | Tee /tɛː/ | — | — | Tee /teː/ | Tee /teː/ | Tee /teː/ | Tee /teː/ |
| Caffè | Kaffee /kɑˈfeː/ | — | — | Kaffee /kaˈfeː/ | Kaffee /ˈkafe/ | Kaffee /ˈkafeː/ | Kaffee /ˈkafe/ |
| Zucchero | Zugga /ˈtsʊɡɐ/ | — | — | Zucker /ˈtsʊkɐ/ | Zucker /ˈtsʊkər/ | Zucker /ˈtsʊkɐ/ | Zucker /ˈtsʊkɐ/ |
| Arancia | Orange /oˈraŋʒn/ | — | — | Orange /oˈraːnʒə/ | Orange /oˈraŋʒə/ | Orange /oˈʁãːʒə/ | Orange /oˈʁãːʒə/ |
| 99 | neinaneinzg /ˈnaɪnaˌnaɪntsk/ | — | — | neunundneunzig /ˈnɔʏ̯nʊntˌnɔʏ̯ntsɪk/ | neunundneunzig /ˈnɔɪ̯nʊntˌnɔɪ̯ntsɪk/ | neunundneunzig /ˈnɔʏnʊntˌnɔʏntsɪç/ | neunundneunzig /ˈnɔʏnʊntˌnɔʏntsɪç/ |
| Dopamina | Dopamin | — | — | Dopamin /dopaˈmiːn/ | Dopamin /dopaˈmiːn/ | Dopamin /dopaˈmiːn/ | Dopamin /dopaˈmiːn/ |
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