Cou
Tsou
Austronesiana (Tsouic)
Il tsou (cou) è una delle lingue formosane riconosciute più a rischio di Taiwan, parlata nella zona montuosa di Alishan, nella contea di Chiayi. Sistema a sei vocali (i, e, a, o, u più la centrale alta ɯ). Sistema di focus estremamente elaborato con quattro diatesi (voices), marcate sul verbo. Famosa per la storica cerimonia tribale Mayasvi. Gravemente a rischio, con circa 4.000 parlanti, ~2.000 con uso quotidiano come L1.
Dove si parla
87 parole essenziali in tsou
Fonti
Parole a confronto
Confronto con lingue della stessa classificazione: Austronesiana (Tsouic)
| Significato | Tsou | Bunun | Proto-austronesiano | Paiwan | Amis | Mandar | Samoano |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acqua | chumu /tsumu/ | danum /danum/ | *daNum /daNum/ | zaljum /zaʎum/ | nanom /nanom/ | uai /uai/ | vai /vai/ |
| Fuoco | puzu /ˈpuzu/ | sapuz /sapuz/ | *Sapuy /Sapuy/ | sapuy /sapui/ | namal /namal/ | api /api/ | afi /afi/ |
| Sole | hie /hie/ | vali /vali/ | *waRi /waRi/ | qadaw /qadaw/ | cidal /tsiðal/ | mata allo /mata alːo/ | lā /laː/ |
| Luna | feohʉ /feohɨ/ | buan /buan/ | *bulaN /bulaN/ | qiljas /qiʎas/ | folad /folað/ | bulang /bulaŋ/ | māsina /maːsina/ |
| Stella | congroha /tsoŋɾoxa/ | bintuhan /bintuhan/ | *bituqen /bituqen/ | vituqan /vituqan/ | foʼis /foʔis/ | bittoeng /bittoeŋ/ | fetū /fetuː/ |
| Notte | iofna /iofna/ | labian /labian/ | *beRŋi /beʀŋi/ | qezemezemetj /qəzəməzəmətʲ/ | lafiʼ /lafiʔ/ | bongi /boŋi/ | pō /poː/ |
| Pioggia | tnʉyʉ /tnɨjɨ/ | qudan /qudan/ | *quzaN /quzaN/ | qudjalj /quɟaʎ/ | ʼorad /ʔorad/ | urang /uˈraŋ/ | ua /ua/ |
| Neve | yuho /juho/ | paav /paav/ | *SuReNa /SuReNa/ | sulja /suʎa/ | soleda^ /soləðaʔ/ | — | kiona /kiona/ |
| Vento | poepe /poepe/ | luvluv /luvluv/ | *bali /bali/ | vali /vali/ | fali /fali/ | angin /aŋin/ | matagi /mataŋi/ |
| Terra | ceoa /tseoa/ | dalah /dalah/ | *taneq /taneq/ | qipu /qipu/ | sera /səra/ | litaq /litaʔ/ | ʻeleʻele /ʔeleʔele/ |
| Pietra | fatu /fatu/ | batu /batu/ | *batu /batu/ | qaciljai /qatsiʎai/ | fakeluh /fakeluh/ | batu /batu/ | maʻa /maʔa/ |
| Montagna | fuengu /fueŋu/ | ludun /ludun/ | *bukij /bukij/ | gadu /ɡadu/ | lutuk /lutuk/ | buttu /butːu/ | mauga /mauŋa/ |
| Mare | tʉpʉ /tɨpɨ/ | ning-av /ŋiŋʔav/ | *tenem /tenem/ | ljavek /ʎavək/ | riyar /rijar/ | sasiq /sasiʔ/ | sami /sami/ |
| Madre | ino /ino/ | tina /tina/ | *ina /ina/ | kina /kina/ | ina /ina/ | indoq /indoʔ/ | tinā /tinaː/ |
| Padre | amo /amo/ | tama /tama/ | *ama /ama/ | kama /kama/ | ama /ama/ | ama /ama/ | tamā /tamaː/ |
| Figlia | oko no mamespingi /oko no mamespiŋi/ | uvaazpingaz /uvaazpiŋaz/ | — | aljak a vavayan /aʎak a vavajan/ | fafahiyan a wawa /fafahijan a wawa/ | — | afafine /afafine/ |
| Io | aʼo /aʔo/ | saikin /saikin/ | *aku /aku/ | tiaken /tiakən/ | kako /kako/ | iyau /ijau/ | aʻu /aʔu/ |
| Tu | suu /suʔu/ | suu /suʔu/ | *iSu /iSu/ | sun /sun/ | kiso /kiso/ | io /iʔo/ | ʻoe /ʔoe/ |
| Noi | aʼati / aʼami /aʔati / aʔami/ | kata / kaimin /kata / kaimin/ | *kita / *kami /kita / kami/ | titjen / tiamen /titʲən / tiamən/ | kita / kami /kita / kami/ | ikiq / ingkaiq /ikiʔ / iŋkaiʔ/ | tātou / mātou /taːtou / maːtou/ |
| Nome | ongko /oŋko/ | ngaan /ŋaan/ | *ŋajan /ŋajan/ | ngadan /ŋadan/ | ngangan /ŋaŋan/ | sanga /saŋa/ | igoa /iŋoa/ |
| Persona | cou /tsou/ | bunun /bunun/ | *Cau /tsau/ | caucau /tsautsau/ | tamdaw /tamðaw/ | tau /tau/ | tagata /taŋata/ |
| Testa | fŋuu /fŋuu/ | bungu /buŋu/ | *quluh /quluh/ | qulu /qulu/ | tangal /taŋal/ | ulu /ulu/ | ulu /ulu/ |
| Occhio | mcoo /mtsoo/ | mata /mata/ | *maCa /maCa/ | maca /matsa/ | mata /mata/ | mata /mata/ | mata /mata/ |
| Orecchio | koeu /koeu/ | tainga /taiŋa/ | *Caliŋa /tsaliŋa/ | caliŋa /tsaliŋa/ | tangila /taŋila/ | talinga /taliŋa/ | taliga /taliŋa/ |
| Naso | ngʉcʉ /ŋɨtsɨ/ | ngutus /ŋutus/ | *ujuŋ /ujuŋ/ | ŋudus /ŋudus/ | ngosoʼ /ŋosoʔ/ | pudzung /puðuŋ/ | isu /isu/ |
| Bocca | ngayo /ŋajo/ | ngulus /ŋulus/ | — | angal /aŋaɭ/ | ngoyos /ŋojos/ | nganga /ŋaŋa/ | gutu /ŋutu/ |
| Dente | hisi /hisi/ | nipun /nipun/ | *nipen /nipen/ | alis /aɭis/ | walis /walis/ | isi /isi/ | nifo /nifo/ |
| Lingua | umo /umo/ | mamaʼ /mamaʔ/ | *Sema /Sema/ | sema /səma/ | sema /səmaʔ/ | lila /lila/ | laulaufaiva /laulaufaiva/ |
| Mano | mucu /mutsu/ | ima /ima/ | *lima /lima/ | lima /lima/ | kamay /kamaj/ | lima /lima/ | lima /lima/ |
| Piede | tʼango /tʔaŋo/ | bantas /bantas/ | *qaqay /qaqay/ | — | waʼay /waʔaj/ | — | vae /vae/ |
| Cuore | yofu /jofu/ | is-ang /isaŋ/ | *pusuq /pusuq/ | varung /vaɾuŋ/ | falokoʼ /falokoʔ/ | ate /ate/ | loto /loto/ |
| Osso | cʉehʉ /tsɨehɨ/ | tuhnaz /tuhnað/ | *CuqelaN /CuqelaN/ | cuqelalj /tsuqəlaʎ/ | ʼokak /ʔokak/ | buku /buku/ | ivi /ivi/ |
| Sangue | hmuru /m̥uɾu/ | haidang /haidaŋ/ | *daRaq /daRaq/ | djamuq /ɟamuq/ | remes /rəməs/ | ceraq /tʃɛraʔ/ | toto /toto/ |
| Cacca | tʼee /tʔee/ | taki /taki/ | *Caqi /tsaqi/ | caqi /tsaqi/ | tayiʼ /tajiʔ/ | tai /tai/ | tae /tae/ |
| Amore | yainca /jaintsa/ | madaidaz /madaidaz/ | — /—/ | nasaqaqa /nasaqaqa/ | maolah /maolah/ | mappinawa /mapːinawa/ | alofa /alofa/ |
| Albero | evi /evi/ | kahu /kahu/ | *kaSiw /kaSiw/ | kasiw /kasiw/ | kilang /kilaŋ/ | kaju /kaju/ | laʻau /laʔau/ |
| Cane | avoʼu /avoʔu/ | asu /asu/ | *asu /asu/ | vatu /vatu/ | wacu /watsu/ | asu /asu/ | maile /maile/ |
| Gatto | ngiao /ŋiao/ | ngingiyaw /ŋiŋijaw/ | — /—/ | ngiaw /ŋiaw/ | posi /posi/ | mio /mio/ | pusi /pusi/ |
| Pesce | roskʉ /ɾoskɨ/ | iskan /iskan/ | *Sikan /Sikan/ | ciqaw /tsiqaw/ | futing /futiŋ/ | bau /ˈbau/ | iʻa /iʔa/ |
| Uccello | zomʉ /zomɨ/ | hazam /hazam/ | *manuk /manuk/ | qayaqayam /qajaqajam/ | ayam /ˈajam/ | manu-manuq /manu manuʔ/ | manu /manu/ |
| Uovo | fcuyu /ftsuju/ | lububunun /lububunun/ | *qiCeluR /qicəlur/ | qecilu /qətsiɭu/ | fitaʼol /fitaʔol/ | talloq /talːoʔ/ | fuamoa /fuamoa/ |
| Orso | cmoi /tsmoi/ | tumaz /tumað/ | *Cumay /Cumay/ | cumay /tsumai/ | tomay /tomaj/ | — | pea /pea/ |
| Cavallo | ʼuma /ʔuma/ | tasasikis /tasasikis/ | — | rigi /ɾiɡi/ | efa /əfa/ | — | solofanua /solofanua/ |
| Casa | emoo /emoo/ | lumaq /lumaq/ | *Rumaq /Rumaq/ | umaq /umaq/ | lomaʼ /lomaʔ/ | boyang /bojaŋ/ | fale /fale/ |
| Latte | nunʼu /nunʔu/ | susu /susu/ | — | — | hacol /hatsol/ | — | susu /susu/ |
| Miele | sʉhsʉ /sɨxsɨ/ | vanu /vanu/ | — | alju /aʎu/ | waneng no ʼodal /waneŋ no ʔoðal/ | — | meli /meli/ |
| Sale | sieu /sieu/ | hasila /hasila/ | *qasiRa /qasiRa/ | qatia /qatia/ | cilah /tsilah/ | sia /sia/ | masima /masima/ |
| Vino | emi /emi/ | — | — | vava /vava/ | fadisosoʼ a ^pah /faðisosoʔ a ʔpah/ | — | uaina /uaina/ |
| Riso | fʉesʉ /fɨesɨ/ | cilas /tsilas/ | *beRas /beRas/ | paday /padai/ | felac /fəlats/ | baras /baras/ | alaisa /alaisa/ |
| Ferro | memeno /memeno/ | ngul-a /ŋulʔa/ | *Namat /Namat/ | vatjuljayan /vatʲuʎajan/ | marad /marad/ | bassi /basːi/ | uʻamea /uʔamea/ |
| Seta | kinu /kinu/ | kaiku /kaiku/ | — | — | — | — | silika /silika/ |
| Libro | tposʉ /tposɨ/ | patasan /patasan/ | — | sapitj /sapitʲ/ | cudad /tsuðad/ | suraq /suraʔ/ | tusi /tusi/ |
| Mangiare | bonu /bonu/ | maun /maun/ | *kaen /kaen/ | keman /kəman/ | komaen /komaən/ | maʼande /maʔande/ | ʻai /ʔai/ |
| Bere | ʼumnu /ʔumnu/ | muqun /muqun/ | *inum /inum/ | temekel /təməkəl/ | minom /minom/ | minung /minuŋ/ | inu /inu/ |
| Dormire | oengʉtʉ /oeŋɨtɨ/ | masabah /masabah/ | *tuduR /tuduR/ | qemreng /qəmɾəŋ/ | mafotiʼ /mafotiʔ/ | matindro /matindro/ | moe /moe/ |
| Uno | cone /tsone/ | tasa /tasa/ | *isa /isa/ | ita /ita/ | cecay /tsetsaj/ | mesa /mesa/ | tasi /tasi/ |
| Due | yuso /juso/ | dusa /dusa/ | *duSa /duSa/ | drusa /ɖusa/ | tosa /tosaʔ/ | dua /dua/ | lua /lua/ |
| Tre | tuyu /tuju/ | tau /tau/ | *telu /telu/ | tjelu /tʲəlu/ | tolo /tolo/ | tallu /talːu/ | tolu /tolu/ |
| Quattro | sʉptʉ /sɨptɨ/ | paat /paːt/ | *Sepat /səpat/ | sepatj /səpatʲ/ | sepat /səpat/ | appe /apːe/ | fā /faː/ |
| Cinque | eimo /eimo/ | hima /hima/ | *lima /lima/ | lima /lima/ | lima /lima/ | lima /lima/ | lima /lima/ |
| Cento | seʼconza /seʔtsonza/ | saba /saba/ | *RaCus /RaCus/ | taidai /taidai/ | smoʼot /smoʔot/ | sangatus /saŋatus/ | selau /selau/ |
| Ciao | yokeoasu /jokeoasu/ | uninang /uninaŋ/ | — /—/ | masalu /masalu/ | ngaʼay ho /ŋaʔaj ho/ | salamaʼ maʼondong /salamaʔ maʔondoŋ/ | talofa /talofa/ |
| Grazie | aveoveoyu /aveoveoju/ | uninang /uninaŋ/ | — /—/ | masalu /masalu/ | aray /araj/ | kuruʼ sumangaʼ /kuruʔ sumaŋaʔ/ | faʻafetai /faʔafetai/ |
| Buono | ʼaemʼaemo /ʔaemʔaemo/ | masial /masial/ | — /—/ | nguanguaq /ŋuaŋuaq/ | kapah /kapah/ | macoa /matʃoa/ | lelei /lelei/ |
| Nuovo | faeva /faeva/ | bahlu /baɬu/ | *baqeRuh /baqeRuh/ | vaquan /vaquan/ | faluhay /faluhaj/ | baru /baru/ | fou /fou/ |
| Rosso | fʉhŋoya /fɨxŋoja/ | madanghas /madaŋhas/ | *ma-iRaq /ma-iRaq/ | qudjidjilj /quɟiɟiʎ/ | kahengangay /kahəŋaŋaj/ | mamea /mamea/ | mūmū /muːmuː/ |
| Bianco | fʉecʉʼia /fɨetsɨʔia/ | maduhlas /maduɬas/ | *ma-putiq /maputiq/ | vuqavuqalj /vuqavuqaʎ/ | fohecalay /fohətsalaj/ | mapute /mapute/ | paʻepaʻe /paʔepaʔe/ |
| Nero | kuaʼonga /kuaʔoŋa/ | matahdung /matahduŋ/ | *qeCeŋeN /qeCeŋeN/ | qucengecengel /qutsəŋətsəŋəl/ | kohtingay /kohtiŋaj/ | malotong /malotoŋ/ | uliuli /uliuli/ |
| Verde | enghova /eŋxova/ | masanglav /masaŋlav/ | — | liljuas /ɭiʎuas/ | kangdaway /kaŋdawaj/ | mekurarraq /mekurarːaʔ/ | lanumeamata /lanumeamata/ |
| Blu | enghova /eŋxova/ | masanglav /masaŋlav/ | — | cangiangia /tsaŋiaŋia/ | langdaway /laŋdawaj/ | magavu /maɡavu/ | lanumoana /lanumoana/ |
| Computer | kampiuto /kampiuto/ | tinnau /tinnau/ | — | tinnaw /tinnaw/ | tingnaw /tiŋnaw/ | komputer /komˈputər/ | komipiuta /komipiuta/ |
| 99 | msiohʉ usio /msiohɨ usio/ | — | — | — | siwa a poloʼ ira ko siwa /siwa a poloʔ ira ko siwa/ | — | ivasefulu ma le iva /ivasefulu ma le iva/ |
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