isiNdebele
北恩德贝勒语
大西洋-刚果（班图、恩古尼）
北恩德贝勒语（isiNdebele）是津巴布韦主要的恩古尼班图语，主要使用于马塔贝莱兰地区，以布拉瓦约为文化中心。源自 19 世纪姆兹利卡齐率领的恩古尼人从南非北部的迁徙，与祖鲁语（zu）关系密切。与较早分支并在不同接触条件下发展的南非南恩德贝勒语（nbl）有别。在 2013 年宪法下被列为津巴布韦的 16 种官方语言之一。
使用地区
北恩德贝勒语的87个核心词
来源
单词比较
与同属大西洋-刚果（班图、恩古尼）的语言比较
| 含义 | 北恩德贝勒语 | 南恩德贝勒语 | 祖鲁语 | 斯瓦蒂语 | 科萨语 | 聪加语 | 洛齐语 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 水 | amanzi /amanzi/ | amanzi /amanzi/ | amanzi /amanzi/ | emanti /emanti/ | amanzi /amaːnzi/ | mati /mati/ | mezi /mezi/ |
| 火 | umlilo /umlilo/ | umlilo /umlilo/ | umlilo /umlilo/ | umlilo /umlilo/ | umlilo /umlilo/ | ndzilo /ndzilo/ | mulilo /mulilo/ |
| 太阳 | ilanga /ilaŋɡa/ | ilanga /ilaŋɡa/ | ilanga /ilaŋɡa/ | lilanga /lilaŋɡa/ | ilanga /ilaːŋɡa/ | dyambu /dʒambu/ | lizazi /lizazi/ |
| 月亮 | inyanga /iɲaŋɡa/ | inyezi /iɲezi/ | inyanga /iɲaŋɡa/ | inyanga /iɲaŋɡa/ | inyanga /iɲaːŋɡa/ | nʼweti /ŋweti/ | kweli /kweli/ |
| 星 | inkanyezi /iŋkaɲezi/ | ikwekwezi /ikʷekʷezi/ | inkanyezi /iŋkaˈɲeːzi/ | inkhanyeti /iŋkʰaɲeti/ | inkwenkwezi /iŋkʷeŋkʷezi/ | nyeleti /ɲeleti/ | naleli /naleli/ |
| 晚上 | ubusuku /ubusuku/ | ubusuku /uɓusuku/ | ubusuku /ubusuku/ | busuku /ɓusuku/ | ubusuku /ubusuku/ | vusiku /vusiku/ | busihu /busihu/ |
| 雨 | imvula /imˈvula/ | izulu /izulu/ | imvula /imˈvula/ | imvula /imˈvula/ | imvula /imˈvula/ | mpfula /ˈmpfula/ | pula /ˈpula/ |
| 雪 | iliqhwa /iliǃʰwa/ | iliqhwa /iliǃʰwa/ | iqhwa /iǃʰwa/ | lichwa /liǀʰwa/ | ikhephu /ikʰepʰu/ | gamboko /ɡamboko/ | litwa /ˈlitwa/ |
| 风 | umoya /umoːja/ | umoya /umoja/ | umoya /umoːja/ | umoya /umoːja/ | umoya /umoːja/ | moya /moja/ | moya /moja/ |
| 土 | inhlabathi /inɬaɓaːtʰi/ | ihlabathi /iɬaɓatʰi/ | inhlabathi /inɬaɓatʰi/ | umhlabatsi /umɬaɓatsi/ | umhlabathi /umɬaɓatʰi/ | misava /misava/ | mubu /mubu/ |
| 石头 | ilitshe /iliˈtʃe/ | ilitje /iˈlitʃe/ | itshe /ˈiːtʃʼe/ | litje /liˈtʃe/ | ilitye /iˈlitʼje/ | ribye /riˈbje/ | licwe /liˈtʃwe/ |
| 山 | intaba /inˈtaːɓa/ | intaba /inˈtaːɓa/ | intaba /inˈtaːɓa/ | intsaba /intsaɓa/ | intaba /inˈtaːɓa/ | ntshava /ntsʰava/ | lilundu /lilundu/ |
| 海 | ulwandle /ulwandɮe/ | ilwandle /ilwandɮe/ | ulwandle /uˈlwandɮe/ | lwandle /lwandɮe/ | ulwandle /uˈlwandɮe/ | lwandle /lwandɮe/ | liwate /liwate/ |
| 母亲 | umama /umama/ | umma /umma/ | umama /umama/ | make /make/ | umama /umaːma/ | manana /manana/ | ma /ma/ |
| 父亲 | ubaba /uɓaɓa/ | ubaba /uɓaɓa/ | ubaba /uɓaɓa/ | babe /ɓaɓe/ | utata /utaːta/ | tatana /tatana/ | ndate /ndate/ |
| 女儿 | indodakazi /indodakazi/ | indodakazi /indodakazi/ | indodakazi /indodaˈkazi/ | indvodzakati /indvodzakaːti/ | intombi /inˈtombi/ | nʼwana wa xisati /ŋʷana wa ʃisati/ | mwana wa musizana /mwana wa musizana/ |
| 我 | mina /mina/ | mina /mina/ | mina /ˈmiːna/ | mine /míne/ | mna /mna/ | mina /mina/ | na /na/ |
| 你 | wena /wena/ | wena /wena/ | wena /ˈweːna/ | wena /wéna/ | wena /wena/ | wena /wena/ | wena /wena/ |
| 我们 | thina /tʰina/ | thina /tʰina/ | thina /ˈtʰiːna/ | tsine /tsíne/ | thina /tʰina/ | hina /hina/ | luna /luna/ |
| 名字 | ibizo /ibizo/ | ibizo /iɓizo/ | igama /iˈɡaːma/ | libito /liɓiːto/ | igama /iɡaːma/ | vito /vito/ | libizo /libizo/ |
| 人 | umuntu /umuntu/ | umuntu /umuntu/ | umuntu /uˈmuntu/ | umuntfu /umuntfu/ | umntu /ˈumntu/ | munhu /munʱu/ | mutu /mutu/ |
| 头 | ikhanda /iˈkʰanda/ | ihloko /iɬoko/ | ikhanda /iˈkʰanda/ | inhloko /inɬoko/ | intloko /intɬoːko/ | nhloko /nɬoko/ | toho /toho/ |
| 眼睛 | ilihlo /iliɬo/ | ilihlo /iliɬo/ | iso /iso/ | liso /liso/ | iliso /iliso/ | tihlo /tiɬo/ | liito /liːto/ |
| 耳朵 | indlebe /indɮɛɓe/ | indlebe /indɮɛɓe/ | indlebe /indɮɛɓe/ | indlebe /indɮɛɓe/ | indlebe /indɮɛɓe/ | ndleve /ndɮeve/ | zebe /zebe/ |
| 鼻子 | ikhala /ikʰala/ | ipumulo /ipuˈmulo/ | impumulo /impuˈmulo/ | likhala /likʰala/ | impumlo /impuˈmlo/ | nhompfu /nʱompfu/ | ngo /ŋo/ |
| 嘴 | umlomo /umˈlomo/ | umlomo /umˈlomo/ | umlomo /umˈlomo/ | umlomo /umlomo/ | umlomo /umˈlomo/ | nomu /nomu/ | mulomo /mulomo/ |
| 牙 | izinyo /iziɲo/ | izinyo /iziɲo/ | izinyo /iziɲo/ | litinyo /litiɲo/ | izinyo /iziɲo/ | tino /tino/ | liino /liːno/ |
| 舌头 | ulimi /ulimi/ | ilimu /ilimu/ | ulimi /ulimi/ | lulwimi /lulwimi/ | ulwimi /ulwimi/ | ririmi /ririmi/ | lulimi /lulimi/ |
| 手 | isandla /isandɮa/ | isandla /isandɮa/ | isandla /isandɮa/ | sandla /sandɮa/ | isandla /isandɮa/ | voko /voko/ | lizoho /lizoho/ |
| 脚 | unyawo /uɲawo/ | inyawo /iɲawo/ | unyawo /uːɲaːwo/ | lunyawo /luɲawo/ | unyawo /uɲaːwo/ | nenge /neŋɡe/ | lihutu /liˈhutu/ |
| 心 | inhliziyo /inɬizijo/ | ihliziyo /iɬizijo/ | inhliziyo /inɬizijo/ | inhlitiyo /inɬitijo/ | intliziyo /intɬizijo/ | mbilu /mbilu/ | pilu /pilu/ |
| 骨头 | ithambo /itʰambo/ | ithambo /itʰambo/ | ithambo /itʰambo/ | litsambo /litsambo/ | ithambo /itʰambo/ | rhambu /rambu/ | sapo /sapo/ |
| 血 | igazi /iɡazi/ | iingazi /iːŋɡazi/ | igazi /iɡazi/ | ingati /iŋɡati/ | igazi /iɡazi/ | ngati /ŋɡati/ | mali /mali/ |
| 便便 | amasimba /amasimba/ | amasimba /amasimba/ | amasimba /amasimba/ | emasimba /emasimba/ | amasimba /amasimba/ | — | ñanda /ɲanda/ |
| 爱 | uthando /utʰando/ | ithando /itʰando/ | uthando /utʰando/ | lutsandvo /lutsandwo/ | uthando /utʰando/ | rirhandzu /riɾandzu/ | lilato /lilato/ |
| 树 | isihlahla /isiɬaɬa/ | umuthi /umutʰi/ | isihlahla /isiɬaɬa/ | sihlahla /siɬaɬa/ | umthi /umtʰi/ | nsinya /nsiɲa/ | kota /kota/ |
| 狗 | inja /indʒa/ | inja /indʒa/ | inja /indʒa/ | inja /indʒa/ | inja /indʒa/ | mbyana /mbjana/ | nja /ndʒa/ |
| 猫 | ikati /ikati/ | ikati /ikati/ | ikati /ikati/ | likati /likati/ | ikati /ikati/ | mangoyi /maŋɡoji/ | kaze /kaze/ |
| 鱼 | inhlanzi /iɬanzi/ | ihlambi /iɬambi/ | inhlanzi /iɬanzi/ | inhlanti /iɬanti/ | intlanzi /intɬanzi/ | nhlampfi /nɬampfi/ | tapi /tapi/ |
| 鸟 | inyoni /iɲoni/ | inyoni /iɲoni/ | inyoni /iˈɲoni/ | inyoni /iɲoni/ | intaka /inˈtaka/ | xinyenyana /ʃiɲeˈɲana/ | nyunywani /ɲuɲwani/ |
| 蝴蝶 | ivevane /iveˈvane/ | iviyaviyani /ivijavijani/ | uvemvane /uvemˈvaːne/ | luvivane /luvivane/ | ibhabhathane /ibʱabʱaˈtʰaːne/ | phapharhati /pʰapʰaˈrati/ | sipulumuki /sipulumuki/ |
| 鸡蛋 | iqanda /iǃanda/ | iqanda /iǃanda/ | iqanda /iǃaːnda/ | licandza /liǀandza/ | iqanda /iǃaːnda/ | tandza /tandza/ | lii /liː/ |
| 熊 | ibhere /ibʱere/ | ibhere /ibʱere/ | ibhere /iˈbʱeːre/ | libhele /libʱele/ | ibhere /ibʱere/ | bere /bere/ | bele /bele/ |
| 马 | ibhiza /iˈbiza/ | injomani /indʒoˈmani/ | ihhashi /iˈɦaːʃi/ | lihhashi /liɦaʃi/ | ihashe /iˈhaʃe/ | hanci /hantʃi/ | pizi /pizi/ |
| 房子 | indlu /indɮu/ | indlu /indɮu/ | indlu /indɮu/ | indlu /indɮu/ | indlu /indɮu/ | yindlu /jindɮu/ | ndu /ndu/ |
| 牛奶 | uchago /uˈtʃaɡo/ | ibisi /iˈɓisi/ | ubisi /uˈbisi/ | lubisi /luˈɓisi/ | ubisi /uˈbisi/ | masi /masi/ | mabisi /mabisi/ |
| 蜂蜜 | uluju /uludʒu/ | iliju /ilidʒu/ | uju /udʒu/ | luju /ludʒu/ | ubusi /ubusi/ | vulombe /vulombe/ | linosi /linosi/ |
| 盐 | itswayi /itswaji/ | itswayi /itswaji/ | usawoti /usaˈwoti/ | luswayi /luswaji/ | ityuwa /iˈtjuwa/ | munyu /muɲu/ | lizwai /lizwai/ |
| 葡萄酒 | iwayini /iwaˈjini/ | iwayini /iwaˈjini/ | iwayini /iwaˈjini/ | liwayini /liwajini/ | iwayini /iwaˈjini/ | vhinyo /viɲo/ | waine /waine/ |
| 铁 | insimbi /inˈsimbi/ | isimbi /iˈsimbi/ | insimbi /inˈsimbi/ | insimbi /inˈsimbi/ | intsimbi /inˈtsimbi/ | nsimbi /nsimbi/ | sipi /sipi/ |
| 轮子 | ivili /iˈvili/ | ivili /iˈvili/ | isondo /iˈsondo/ | lisondvo /liˈsondvo/ | ivili /iˈvili/ | vhilwa /vilwa/ | liwili /liwili/ |
| 丝 | isilika /isiˈlika/ | isilika /isiˈlika/ | usilika /usiˈliːka/ | silika /silika/ | isilika /isiˈliːka/ | silika /silika/ | siliki /siliki/ |
| 书 | incwadi /iŋǀʷadi/ | incwadi /iŋǀʷadi/ | incwadi /iŋˈǀʷaːdi/ | incwadzi /iŋǀʷadzi/ | incwadi /iŋˈǀʷaːdi/ | buku /buku/ | buka /buka/ |
| 吃 | ukudla /ukuɮa/ | ukudla /ukuɮa/ | ukudla /ukuɮa/ | kudla /kuɮa/ | ukutya /ukutʲa/ | ku dya /ku dʒa/ | kuca /kutʃa/ |
| 喝 | ukunatha /ukunatʰa/ | ukusela /ukusela/ | ukuphuza /ukupʰuza/ | kunatsa /kunatsa/ | ukusela /ukusɛla/ | ku nwa /ku nwa/ | kunwa /kunwa/ |
| 睡觉 | ukulala /ukulala/ | ukulala /ukulala/ | ukulala /ukulala/ | kulala /kulala/ | ukulala /ukulala/ | ku etlela /ku eˈtɬela/ | kulobala /kulobala/ |
| 一 | nye /ɲe/ | nye /ɲe/ | kunye /kuɲe/ | kunye /kuɲe/ | inye /iɲɛ/ | rinʼwe /riŋwe/ | nyinwi /ɲiŋʷi/ |
| 二 | kubili /kubili/ | kubili /kuɓili/ | kubili /kuˈɓili/ | kubili /kuɓiːli/ | mbini /mbiːni/ | mbirhi /mbiri/ | peli /peli/ |
| 三 | kuthathu /kutʰatʰu/ | kuthathu /kutʰatʰu/ | kuthathu /kutʰaːtʰu/ | kutsatfu /kutsʼatfu/ | kuthathu /kutʰatʰu/ | nharhu /ɳaɾu/ | talu /talu/ |
| 四 | kune /kune/ | kune /kunɛ/ | kune /kuːne/ | kune /kune/ | kune /kune/ | mune /mune/ | ne /ne/ |
| 五 | hlanu /ɬaːnu/ | ihlanu /iɬanu/ | hlanu /ɬaːnu/ | sihlanu /siɬaːnu/ | hlanu /ɬaːnu/ | ntlhanu /ntɬʰanu/ | ketalizoho /ketalizoho/ |
| 百 | ikhulu /iˈkʰulu/ | ikhulu /iˈkʰulu/ | ikhulu /iˈkʰulu/ | likhulu /liˈkʰulu/ | ikhulu /iˈkʰulu/ | dzana /dzana/ | mwanda /mwanda/ |
| 你好 | salibonani /saliɓonani/ | lotjhani /lotʃʰani/ | sawubona /sawuɓona/ | sawubona /sawuɓona/ | molo /molo/ | avuxeni /avuʃeni/ | lumela /lumela/ |
| 谢谢 | ngiyabonga /ŋijaɓoŋɡa/ | ngiyathokoza /ŋijatʰokoza/ | ngiyabonga /ŋɡijaɓoŋɡa/ | ngiyabonga /ŋijaɓoŋɡa/ | enkosi /ɛnkosi/ | inkomu /iŋkomu/ | nitumezi /nitumezi/ |
| 好 | kuhle /kuɬe/ | kuhle /kuɬe/ | kuhle /kuɬe/ | kuhle /kuɬe/ | lungile /luŋɡilɛ/ | kahle /kaɬe/ | nde /nde/ |
| 新 | tsha /tʃʰa/ | tjha /tʃʰa/ | sha /ʃa/ | sha /ʃa/ | tsha /tʃʰa/ | ntshwa /ntsʰwa/ | nca /ntʃa/ |
| 红 | bomvu /ɓoːmvu/ | bomvu /ɓoːmvu/ | bomvu /ɓoːmvu/ | bovu /ɓoːvu/ | bomvu /ɓoːmvu/ | tshwuka /tsʰwuka/ | fubelu /fubelu/ |
| 白 | mhlophe /mɬɔpʰe/ | mhlophe /mɬɔpʰe/ | mhlophe /ˈmɬɔːpʰe/ | mhlophe /mɬɔpʰe/ | mhlophe /mɬɔːpʰe/ | basa /ˈbasa/ | sweu /sweu/ |
| 黑 | mnyama /mɲaːma/ | nzima /nzima/ | mnyama /ˈmɲaːma/ | mnyama /mɲaːma/ | mnyama /mɲaːma/ | ntima /ntima/ | nsu /nsu/ |
| 绿 | luhlaza /luɬaːza/ | hlaza /ɬaːza/ | luhlaza /luˈɬaːza/ | luhlata /luɬaːta/ | luhlaza /luˈɬaːza/ | rihlaza /riɬaza/ | tala /tala/ |
| 蓝 | luhlaza /luɬaːza/ | hlaza /ɬaːza/ | luhlaza /luˈɬaːza/ | luhlata /luɬaːta/ | luhlaza /luˈɬaːza/ | rihlaza /riɬaza/ | tala /tala/ |
| 布谷鸟 | inkanku /iⁿˈkaŋku/ | — | uphezukomkhono /upʰɛzukomˈkʰono/ | phezukwemkhono /pʰɛzukwɛmˈkʰono/ | uphezukomkhono /upʰɛzukomˈkʰono/ | ngwafalantala /ŋʷafalanˈtala/ | — |
| 电脑 | ikhompiyutha /ikʰompijutʰa/ | ikhomphyutha /ikʰompʰjutʰa/ | ikhompiyutha /ikʰompijutʰa/ | i-computer | ikhompyutha /ikʰompjutʰa/ | khompyuta /kʰompjuta/ | kompyuta /kompjuta/ |
| 茶 | itiye /itije/ | itiye /iˈtije/ | itiye /iˈtijɛ/ | litiya /litija/ | iti /iˈti/ | tiya /tija/ | tii /tiː/ |
| 咖啡 | ikhofi /ikʰofi/ | ikofi /ikofi/ | ikhofi /iˈkʰofi/ | likhofi /likʰofi/ | ikofu /iˈkoːfu/ | kofi /kofi/ | kofi /kofi/ |
| 糖 | itshukela /itʃukela/ | itjhukela /itʃʰukela/ | ushukela /uʃuˈkɛːla/ | shukela /ʃukela/ | iswekile /isweˈkiːle/ | chukela /tʃukela/ | shuga /ʃuɡa/ |
| 99 | amatshumi aficamunwemunye lesificamunwemunye /amatʃumi afiǀamunwemunje lesifiǀamunwemunje/ | amatjhumi alithoba nethoba /amatʃʰumi alitʰoɓa netʰoɓa/ | amashumi ayisishiyagalolunye nesishiyagalolunye /amaʃumi ajisiʃijaɡaloˈluɲe nesiʃijaɡaloˈluɲe/ | emashumi layimfica nemfica /emaʃumi lajimfiǀa nemfiǀa/ | amashumi asithoba anesithoba /amaʃumi asitʰɔɓa anesitʰɔɓa/ | makume nkaye nkaye /makume ŋkaje ŋkaje/ | — |
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