Chitonga
赞比亚通加语
大西洋-刚果语系（班图语族、通加-伦杰诸语）
汤加语（Chitonga）是赞比亚和津巴布韦的语言，属班图语 M64 语群，约有170万说话者。尽管同名，与太平洋的汤加语不同。是赞比亚7种官方认定地区语言之一，在卡里巴湖周边的南方省和西方省（以及津巴布韦境内）使用。汤加人是赞比西河谷原住民的后裔，因卡里巴大坝（1955-1959）建设而被迫迁徙。具有特征性一致的班图名词类系统，无喷音或搭嘴音。主要文学包括圣经翻译和大量教育材料。
使用地区
赞比亚通加语的87个核心词
ccokoleti
来源
单词比较
与同属大西洋-刚果语系（班图语族、通加-伦杰诸语）的语言比较
| 含义 | 赞比亚通加语 | 本巴语 | 绍纳语 | 马尼卡语 | 卡翁德语 | 通布卡语 | 尼亚姆韦齐语 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 水 | meenda /meːnda/ | amenshi /amenʃi/ | mvura /mvura/ | mvura /mvuɾa/ | mema /mema/ | maji /madʒi/ | minzi /minzi/ |
| 火 | mulilo /mulilo/ | umulilo /umulilo/ | moto /moto/ | moto /moto/ | mujilo /mudʒilo/ | moto /moto/ | moto /moto/ |
| 太阳 | zuba /zuba/ | akasuba /akasuba/ | zuva /zuva/ | zuva /zuva/ | juba /dʒuba/ | zuŵa /zuβa/ | lyuba /ljuβa/ |
| 月亮 | mwezi /mwezi/ | umweshi /umweʃi/ | mwedzi /mwedzi/ | mwedzi /mwedzi/ | ng'ondo /ŋondo/ | mwezi /mwezi/ | ngʼwezi /ŋweːzi/ |
| 星 | nyenyezi /ɲeˈɲezi/ | intanda /intanda/ | nyeredzi /ɲeredzi/ | nyeredzi /ɲeredzi/ | ntaanda /ntaːnda/ | nyenyezi /ɲeɲezi/ | nsonda /nsonda/ |
| 晚上 | busiku /busiku/ | ubushiku /ubuʃiku/ | usiku /usiku/ | usiku /usiku/ | bufuku /bufuku/ | usiku /usiku/ | buziku /buziku/ |
| 雨 | imvula /imvula/ | imfula /imˈfula/ | mvura /mvura/ | mvura /mvura/ | mvula /mvula/ | vula /ˈvula/ | mbula /mbula/ |
| 雪 | caanda /tʃaːnda/ | ubunga bwa mfula /ubuŋɡa bwa mfula/ | sinoo /sinoː/ | — | sino /sino/ | chiwuvi /tʃiwuvi/ | theluji /θeluʒi/ |
| 风 | muwo /muwo/ | umwela /umwela/ | mhepo /ˈmʱepo/ | mhepo /mʰepo/ | lubesha /lubeʃa/ | mphepo /ˈmpʰepo/ | myaga /mjaɡa/ |
| 土 | bulongo /buloŋɡo/ | umushili /umuʃili/ | ivhu /iβu/ | ivhu /iβu/ | mushiji /muʃidʒi/ | dongo /doŋɡo/ | bulongo /buloŋɡo/ |
| 石头 | ibbwe /iˈbwe/ | ibwe /iˈbwe/ | ibwe /iˈɓwe/ | ibwe /iɓwe/ | jibwe /dʒibwe/ | libwe /liˈɓwe/ | iwe /iwe/ |
| 山 | cilundu /tʃilundu/ | ulupili /ulupili/ | gomo /ˈɡomo/ | gomo /ɡomo/ | mutumba /mutumba/ | phiri /pʰiɾi/ | lugulu /luɡulu/ |
| 海 | lwaanje /lwaːndʒe/ | bemba /bemba/ | gungwa /ɡuŋɡwa/ | gungwa /ɡuŋɡwa/ | kalunga /kaluŋɡa/ | nyanja /ɲandʒa/ | nyanza /ɲanza/ |
| 母亲 | bama /bama/ | bamayo /bamajo/ | amai /amai/ | amai /amai/ | bamama /bamama/ | amama /amama/ | mayu /maju/ |
| 父亲 | bataata /bataːta/ | bataata /bataːta/ | baba /baba/ | baba /baba/ | bataata /bataːta/ | adada /adada/ | baba /baba/ |
| 女儿 | mwana musimbi /mwana musimbi/ | umwana mwanakashi /umwana mwanakaʃi/ | mwanasikana /mwanasikana/ | mukunda /mukunda/ | mwana wamukazhi /mwana wamukaʒi/ | mwana msungwana /mwana msuŋɡwana/ | mwana mukima /mwana mukima/ |
| 我 | ime /ime/ | ine /ine/ | ini /ini/ | ini /ini/ | amiwa /amiwa/ | ine /ine/ | nene /ˈnene/ |
| 你 | iwe /iwe/ | iwe /iwe/ | iwe /iwe/ | iwe /iwe/ | obewa /obewa/ | iwe /iwe/ | gwegwe /ˈɡweɡwe/ |
| 我们 | iswe /iswe/ | ifwe /ifwe/ | isu /isu/ | isu /isu/ | atweba /atweba/ | ise /ise/ | iswe /iswe/ |
| 名字 | izina /iˈziːna/ | ishina /iʃina/ | zita /zita/ | zita /zita/ | jizhina /dʒiʒina/ | zina /zina/ | lina /ˈlina/ |
| 人 | muntu /muntu/ | umuntu /umuntu/ | munhu /muˈnʱu/ | munhu /munʱu/ | muntu /muntu/ | munthu /muntʰu/ | munhu /munhu/ |
| 头 | mutwe /mutwe/ | umutwe /umutwe/ | musoro /musoro/ | musoro /musoro/ | mutwe /mutwe/ | mutu /mutu/ | mutwe /mutwe/ |
| 眼睛 | liso /liso/ | ilinso /ilinso/ | ziso /ziso/ | ziso /ziso/ | jiso /dʒiso/ | jiso /dʒiso/ | liso /liso/ |
| 耳朵 | kutwi /kutwi/ | ukutwi /ukutwi/ | nzeve /nzeβe/ | nzeve /nzeve/ | kutwi /kutwi/ | khutu /kʰutu/ | itwi /itwi/ |
| 鼻子 | impemo /impemo/ | umona /umona/ | mhino /mʱino/ | mhino /mʱino/ | moona /moːna/ | mphuno /mpʰuno/ | nindo /nindo/ |
| 嘴 | kanwa /kanwa/ | akanwa /akanwa/ | muromo /muˈromo/ | muromo /muromo/ | kanwa /kanwa/ | mlomo /m̩lomo/ | mulomo /mulomo/ |
| 牙 | linyo /liɲo/ | ilino /ilino/ | zino /zino/ | zino /zino/ | jiino /dʒiːno/ | jino /dʒino/ | lino /lino/ |
| 舌头 | mulaka /mulaka/ | ululimi /ululimi/ | rurimi /rurimi/ | rurimi /rurimi/ | lujimi /ludʒimi/ | lulimi /lulimi/ | lulimi /lulimi/ |
| 手 | kuboko /kuboko/ | ukuboko /ukuboko/ | ruoko /rwoko/ | ruoko /ɾwoko/ | kuboko /kuboko/ | woko /woko/ | kukono /kukono/ |
| 脚 | cituta /tʃituta/ | ulukasa /ulukasa/ | tsoka /tsoka/ | — | kuulu /kuːlu/ | lundi /lundi/ | kugulu /kuɡulu/ |
| 心 | moyo /mojo/ | umutima /umutima/ | mwoyo /mwojo/ | mwoyo /mwojo/ | muchima /mutʃima/ | mtima /m̩tima/ | moyo /mojo/ |
| 骨头 | ifuwa /ifuwa/ | ifupa /ifupa/ | pfupa /pfupa/ | godo /ɡodo/ | kupa /kupa/ | chiwangwa /tʃiwaŋɡwa/ | iguha /iɡuha/ |
| 血 | bulowa /bulowa/ | umulopa /umulopa/ | ropa /ropa/ | ropa /ropa/ | mashi /maʃi/ | ndopa /ndopa/ | magazi /maɡazi/ |
| 便便 | tubi /tubi/ | amafi /amafi/ | tsvina /tsvina/ | tsvina /tsvina/ | — | mavi /mavi/ | maafi /maːfi/ |
| 爱 | luyando /lujando/ | ukutemwa /ukutemwa/ | rudo /rudo/ | rudo /ɾudo/ | butemwe /butemwe/ | kutemwa /kutemwa/ | butogwa /butoɡwa/ |
| 树 | cisamu /tʃisamu/ | icimuti /itʃimuti/ | muti /muti/ | muti /muti/ | kichi /kitʃi/ | khuni /kʰuni/ | muti /muti/ |
| 狗 | muvwa /muvwa/ | imbwa /imbwa/ | imbwa /imbwa/ | mbwa /mbwa/ | kabwa /kabwa/ | ncheŵe /ntʃeβe/ | mbwa /mbwa/ |
| 猫 | kaaze /kaːze/ | pushi /puʃi/ | katsi /katsi/ | katsi /katsi/ | kapuso /kapuso/ | chona /tʃona/ | paka /paka/ |
| 鱼 | inswi /inswi/ | isabi /isabi/ | hove /hove/ | hove /hove/ | jisabi /dʒisabi/ | somba /somba/ | somba /soːmba/ |
| 鸟 | kayuni /kajuni/ | icuni /itʃuni/ | shiri /ʃiri/ | shiri /ʃiri/ | ng'onyi /ŋoɲi/ | chiyuni /tʃijuni/ | noni /noni/ |
| 蝴蝶 | inkoonkolekwa /iŋkoːŋkolekwa/ | icipelebesha /itʃipelebeːʃa/ | shaveshave /ʃaveʃave/ | — | kipupulwa /kipupulwa/ | bulawura /bulawuɾa/ | — |
| 鸡蛋 | iji /idʒi/ | ilini /ilini/ | zai /zai/ | zai /zai/ | jike /dʒike/ | sumbi /sumbi/ | igi /iɡi/ |
| 熊 | bbeya /ˈbeja/ | bea /bea/ | bheya /bʱeja/ | — | mbeyala /mbejala/ | — | — |
| 马 | ibbiza /iˈbiza/ | kabalwe /kabalwe/ | bhiza /biza/ | bhiza /biza/ | mbili /mbili/ | hachi /hatʃi/ | falasi /falasi/ |
| 房子 | ngʼanda /ŋanda/ | ingʼanda /iŋːanda/ | imba /imba/ | mhatso /mhatso/ | nzubo /nzubo/ | nyumba /ɲumba/ | numba /numba/ |
| 牛奶 | mukupa /mukupa/ | umukaka /umukaka/ | mukaka /mukaka/ | mukaka /mukaka/ | mukaka /mukaka/ | mkaka /m̩kaka/ | mabeele /maβeːle/ |
| 蜂蜜 | buci /butʃi/ | ubuci /ubutʃi/ | uchi /utʃi/ | uchi /utʃi/ | buki /buki/ | uchi /utʃi/ | buuki /buːki/ |
| 盐 | munyo /muɲo/ | umucele /umutʃele/ | munyu /muɲu/ | munyu /muɲu/ | mukele /mukele/ | mchere /m̩tʃere/ | munu /munu/ |
| 葡萄酒 | waini /waini/ | umwangashi /umwaŋɡaʃi/ | waini /waini/ | waini /waini/ | binyu /biɲu/ | vinyo /viɲo/ | mvinyo /mviɲo/ |
| 米 | mupunga /mupuŋɡa/ | umupunga /umupuŋɡa/ | mupunga /mupuŋɡa/ | mupunga /mupuŋɡa/ | mupunga /mupuŋɡa/ | mpunga /mpuŋɡa/ | — |
| 巧克力 | ccokoleti | chokoleti | chokoreti /tʃokoreti/ | — | — | chokoleti /tʃokoleti/ | — |
| 铁 | butale /butale/ | icela /iˈtʃela/ | simbi /ˈsimbi/ | simbi /simbi/ | kapotwe /kapotwe/ | chisulo /tʃiˈsulo/ | kisinza /kisinza/ |
| 轮子 | ivwili /iˈvwili/ | umupeto /umupeto/ | vhiri /viri/ | vhiri /βiri/ | kitanga /kitaŋɡa/ | khwiro /kʰwiro/ | — |
| 书 | ibbuku /iˈbuku/ | icitabo /itʃitabo/ | bhuku /ˈɓuku/ | bhuku /buku/ | buku /buku/ | buku /buku/ | kitabu /kitabu/ |
| 吃 | kulya /kulja/ | ukulya /ukulja/ | kudya /kudja/ | kudya /kudʒa/ | kuja /kudʒa/ | kurya /kuɾja/ | kulya /kuʎa/ |
| 喝 | kunywa /kuɲwa/ | ukunwa /ukunwa/ | kunwa /kunwa/ | kumwa /kumwa/ | kutoma /kutoma/ | kumwa /kumwa/ | kunwa /kunwa/ |
| 睡觉 | koona /koːna/ | ukulaala /ukulaːla/ | kurara /kuˈrara/ | rara /ˈraɾa/ | kulaala /kulaːla/ | kugona /kuˈɡona/ | kulala /kulala/ |
| 一 | mwi /mwi/ | cimo /tʃimo/ | potsi /potsi/ | rimwe /ɾimwe/ | umo /umo/ | chimoza /tʃimoza/ | imo /imo/ |
| 二 | bili /bili/ | fibili /fibili/ | piri /piri/ | piri /piri/ | babiji /babidʒi/ | viŵiri /viβiɾi/ | ibili /iβili/ |
| 三 | totatwe /totatwe/ | fitatu /fitatu/ | tatu /tatu/ | tatu /tatu/ | basatu /basatu/ | vitatu /vitatu/ | idatu /idatu/ |
| 四 | ne /ne/ | fine /fine/ | ina /ina/ | ina /ina/ | bana /bana/ | vinayi /vinaji/ | inne /inːe/ |
| 五 | musanu /musanu/ | fisano /fisano/ | shanu /ʃanu/ | shanu /ʃanu/ | batanu /batanu/ | vinkhonde /viŋkʰonde/ | itaano /itaːno/ |
| 百 | mwaanda /mwaːnda/ | umwanda /umwanda/ | zana /zana/ | zana /zana/ | kitota /kitota/ | zana /zana/ | igana /iɡana/ |
| 你好 | mwabuka buti /mwabuka buti/ | muli shani /muli ʃani/ | mhoro /mʱoro/ | makadii /makadiː/ | mwapoñai /mwapoɲai/ | monire /moniɾe/ | mwadita /mwadita/ |
| 谢谢 | twalumba /twalumba/ | natotela /natotela/ | maita /maita/ | mazviita /mazviita/ | nasanta /nasanta/ | yewo /jewo/ | twabakaba /twaβakaβa/ |
| 好 | kabotu /kabotu/ | cisuma /tʃisuma/ | chakanaka /tʃakanaka/ | kunaka /kunaka/ | kyawama /kjawama/ | chiweme /tʃiweme/ | soga /soɡa/ |
| 新 | pya /pja/ | cipya /tʃipja/ | itsva /itsva/ | itsva /itsva/ | kipya /kipja/ | chiphya /tʃipʰja/ | pya /pja/ |
| 红 | subila /subila/ | kashika /kaʃika/ | tsvuku /tsvuku/ | tsvuku /tsvuku/ | chila /tʃila/ | swesi /swesi/ | laluku /laluku/ |
| 白 | salala /salala/ | buuta /buːta/ | chena /tʃena/ | chena /tʃena/ | toka /toka/ | tuŵa /tuβa/ | pe /pe/ |
| 黑 | siya /sija/ | fiita /fiːta/ | tema /tema/ | tema /tema/ | fiita /fiːta/ | fipa /fipa/ | pi /pi/ |
| 电脑 | kkompyuta /ˈkompjuta/ | kompyuta /kompjuta/ | kombiyuta /kombijuta/ | — | kompyuta /kompjuta/ | kompyuta /kompjuta/ | — |
| 茶 | tii /tiː/ | tii /tiː/ | tii /tiː/ | — | — | tiyi /tiji/ | — |
| 咖啡 | kkofi /ˈkofi/ | kofi /kofi/ | kofi /kofi/ | — | kofi /kofi/ | khofi /kʰofi/ | — |
| 糖 | syuga /sjuɡa/ | shuga /ʃuɡa/ | shuga /ʃuɡa/ | — | shuka /ʃuka/ | shuga /ʃuɡa/ | — |
| 99 | makumi aali fuka afuka /makumi aːli fuka afuka/ | amakumi pabula na pabula /amakumi pabula na pabula/ | makumi mapfumbamwe nepfumbamwe /makumi mapfumbamwe nepfumbamwe/ | makumi mapfumbamwe namapfumbamwe /makumi mapfumbamwe namapfumbamwe/ | makumi atanu na ana ne itanu na ina /makumi atanu na ana ne itanu na ina/ | makhumi ghankhonde na ghanayi na vinkhonde na vinayi /makʰumi ɣaŋkʰonde na ɣanaji na viŋkʰonde na vinaji/ | makumi kenda na kenda /makumi kenda na kenda/ |
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