Sesotho sa Leboa
北索托语
大西洋-刚果(班图, 索托-茨瓦纳)
北索托语(Sesotho sa Leboa,又称佩迪语或塞佩迪语)是南非11种官方语言之一,通行于林波波省、豪登省与普马兰加省一带,使用人口众多。其标准语综合了约30种亲缘相近的方言,其中以塞佩迪方言为整个标准变体的威望形式(prestige variety)。与其他索托-茨瓦纳班图语相同,北索托语具有17个名词类(noun classes)、丰富的黏着性一致词缀体系以及声调对立等结构特征,如今在广播、电视、政府公报以及南非国会的同声传译等公共领域获得广泛使用。
使用地区
北索托语的87个核心词
Wi-Fi
sushi
dopamine
来源
- Sepedi Bibles on bible.com (versions 256 and 124 = the 1951 Bibele; cached ~/langmap-work/r51/scratch/b/bible_nso.tsv); en.wiktionary Northern Sotho lemmas (ngwedi, naledi, tsebe, leino, lerapo, hlano); Ziervogel & Mokgokong 1975, Pukuntšu ye kgolo ya Sesotho sa Leboa (general reference, not consulted this round)
单词比较
与同属大西洋-刚果(班图, 索托-茨瓦纳)的语言比较
| 含义 | 北索托语 | 茨瓦纳语 | 塞索托语 | 洛齐语 | 文达语 | 聪加语 | 南恩德贝勒语 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 水 | meetse /meːtse/ | metsi /metsi/ | metsi /metsi/ | mezi /mezi/ | maḓi /mad̪i/ | mati /mati/ | amanzi /amanzi/ |
| 火 | mollo /molːo/ | molelo /moleːlo/ | mollo /molːo/ | mulilo /mulilo/ | mulilo /mulilo/ | ndzilo /ndzilo/ | umlilo /umlilo/ |
| 太阳 | letšatši /letʃatʃi/ | letsatsi /letsatsi/ | letsatsi /letsatsi/ | lizazi /lizazi/ | ḓuvha /d̪uvʱa/ | dyambu /dʒambu/ | ilanga /ilaŋɡa/ |
| 月亮 | ngwedi /ŋwedi/ | ngwedi /ŋwedi/ | khoeli /kʰwɛːli/ | kweli /kweli/ | ṅwedzi /ŋwedzi/ | nʼweti /ŋweti/ | inyezi /iɲezi/ |
| 星 | naledi /naledi/ | naledi /naledi/ | naledi /naledi/ | naleli /naleli/ | ṋaledzi /n̪aledzi/ | nyeleti /ɲeleti/ | ikwekwezi /ikʷekʷezi/ |
| 晚上 | bošego /boʃeχo/ | bosigo /bosiχo/ | bosiu /bosiu/ | busihu /busihu/ | vhusiku /vʱusiku/ | vusiku /vusiku/ | ubusuku /uɓusuku/ |
| 雨 | pula /ˈpula/ | pula /ˈpula/ | pula /ˈpula/ | pula /ˈpula/ | mvula /ˈmvula/ | mpfula /ˈmpfula/ | izulu /izulu/ |
| 雪 | lehlwa /leˈɬwa/ | semathana /semaˈtʰana/ | lehloa /lɛˈɬwa/ | litwa /ˈlitwa/ | mahaḓa /mahad̪a/ | gamboko /ɡamboko/ | iliqhwa /iliǃʰwa/ |
| 风 | phefo /pʰɛfɔ/ | phefo /pʰefɔ/ | moya /mɔja/ | moya /moja/ | muya /muja/ | moya /moja/ | umoya /umoja/ |
| 土 | mobu /moβu/ | mmu /m̩mu/ | mobu /mobu/ | mubu /mubu/ | mavu /mavu/ | misava /misava/ | ihlabathi /iɬaɓatʰi/ |
| 石头 | leswika /leˈswika/ | leje /lɛˈdʒe/ | lejwe /leˈdʒwe/ | licwe /liˈtʃwe/ | tombo /tombo/ | ribye /riˈbje/ | ilitje /iˈlitʃe/ |
| 山 | thaba /ˈtʰaba/ | thaba /tʰaba/ | thaba /tʰaba/ | lilundu /lilundu/ | thavha /tʰavʱa/ | ntshava /ntsʰava/ | intaba /inˈtaːɓa/ |
| 海 | lewatle /lewatɬe/ | lewatle /lewatɬe/ | lewatle /lewatɬe/ | liwate /liwate/ | lwanzhe /lwanʒe/ | lwandle /lwandɮe/ | ilwandle /ilwandɮe/ |
| 母亲 | mma /mːa/ | mmê /mːɛ/ | mmè /mːɛ/ | ma /ma/ | mme /mːe/ | manana /manana/ | umma /umma/ |
| 父亲 | tate /tate/ | rrê /rːɛ/ | ntate /ntate/ | ndate /ndate/ | khotsi /kʰotsi/ | tatana /tatana/ | ubaba /uɓaɓa/ |
| 女儿 | morwedi /morwedi/ | morwadi /morwadi/ | morali /moɾali/ | mwana wa musizana /mwana wa musizana/ | ṅwananyana /ŋʷanaɲana/ | nʼwana wa xisati /ŋʷana wa ʃisati/ | indodakazi /indodakazi/ |
| 我 | nna /nna/ | nna /nːa/ | nna /nːa/ | na /na/ | nṋe /n̪ːe/ | mina /mina/ | mina /mina/ |
| 你 | wena /wena/ | wena /wena/ | wena /wena/ | wena /wena/ | iwe /iwe/ | wena /wena/ | wena /wena/ |
| 我们 | rena /rena/ | rona /rona/ | rona /rona/ | luna /luna/ | riṋe /rin̪e/ | hina /hina/ | thina /tʰina/ |
| 名字 | leina /leina/ | leina /leina/ | lebitso /lebitso/ | libizo /libizo/ | dzina /dzina/ | vito /vito/ | ibizo /iɓizo/ |
| 人 | motho /mʊtʰʊ/ | motho /motʰo/ | motho /motʰo/ | mutu /mutu/ | muthu /mutʰu/ | munhu /munʱu/ | umuntu /umuntu/ |
| 头 | hlogo /ɬoχo/ | tlhogo /tɬʰoχo/ | hlooho /ɬoːho/ | toho /toho/ | ṱhoho /t̪ʰoho/ | nhloko /nɬoko/ | ihloko /iɬoko/ |
| 眼睛 | leihlo /leiɬo/ | leitlho /leitɬʰo/ | leihlo /leiɬo/ | liito /liːto/ | iṱo /it̪o/ | tihlo /tiɬo/ | ilihlo /iliɬo/ |
| 耳朵 | tsebe /tsebe/ | tsebe /tsebe/ | tsebe /tsebe/ | zebe /zebe/ | nḓevhe /n̪d̪evʱe/ | ndleve /ndɮeve/ | indlebe /indɮɛɓe/ |
| 鼻子 | nko /ŋˈko/ | nko /ŋ̩ˈko/ | nko /ŋ̩ˈko/ | ngo /ŋo/ | ningo /niŋo/ | nhompfu /nʱompfu/ | ipumulo /ipuˈmulo/ |
| 嘴 | molomo /molomo/ | molomo /molomo/ | molomo /molomo/ | mulomo /mulomo/ | mulomo /mulomo/ | nomu /nomu/ | umlomo /umˈlomo/ |
| 牙 | leino /leino/ | leino /leino/ | leino /leino/ | liino /liːno/ | iṋo /in̪o/ | tino /tino/ | izinyo /iziɲo/ |
| 舌头 | leleme /leleme/ | leleme /leleme/ | leleme /leleme/ | lulimi /lulimi/ | lulimi /lulimi/ | ririmi /ririmi/ | ilimu /ilimu/ |
| 手 | seatla /seatɬa/ | seatla /seatɬa/ | letsoho /letsoho/ | lizoho /lizoho/ | tshanḓa /tʃʰan̪d̪a/ | voko /voko/ | isandla /isandɮa/ |
| 脚 | leoto /leoto/ | lonao /lonao/ | leoto /leoto/ | lihutu /liˈhutu/ | mulenzhe /mulenʒe/ | nenge /neŋɡe/ | inyawo /iɲawo/ |
| 心 | pelo /pelo/ | pelo /peːlo/ | pelo /pelo/ | pilu /pilu/ | mbilu /mbilu/ | mbilu /mbilu/ | ihliziyo /iɬizijo/ |
| 骨头 | lerapo /lerapo/ | lerapo /lerapo/ | lesapo /lesapo/ | sapo /sapo/ | ḽirambo /l̪irambo/ | rhambu /rambu/ | ithambo /itʰambo/ |
| 血 | madi /madi/ | madi /madi/ | mali /mali/ | mali /mali/ | malofha /maloɸa/ | ngati /ŋɡati/ | iingazi /iːŋɡazi/ |
| 便便 | masepa /masepa/ | masepa /masepa/ | masepa /masepa/ | ñanda /ɲanda/ | malaṱwa /malat̪wa/ | — | amasimba /amasimba/ |
| 爱 | lerato /lerato/ | lerato /leɾato/ | lerato /leɾato/ | lilato /lilato/ | lufuno /lufuno/ | rirhandzu /riɾandzu/ | ithando /itʰando/ |
| 树 | sehlare /seɬare/ | setlhare /setɬʰaɾe/ | sefate /sefate/ | kota /kota/ | muri /muri/ | nsinya /nsiɲa/ | umuthi /umutʰi/ |
| 狗 | mpša /mpʃa/ | ntša /ntʃa/ | ntja /ntʃa/ | nja /ndʒa/ | mmbwa /mːbwa/ | mbyana /mbjana/ | inja /indʒa/ |
| 猫 | katse /katse/ | katse /katse/ | katse /katse/ | kaze /kaze/ | katse /katse/ | mangoyi /maŋɡoji/ | ikati /ikati/ |
| 鱼 | hlapi /ɬapi/ | tlhapi /tɬʰapi/ | tlhapi /tɬʰapi/ | tapi /tapi/ | khovhe /kʰovʱe/ | nhlampfi /nɬampfi/ | ihlambi /iɬambi/ |
| 鸟 | nonyana /nʊɲana/ | nonyane /nɔˈɲanɛ/ | nonyana /nʊˈɲana/ | nyunywani /ɲuɲwani/ | tshiṋoni /tʃiˈn̪oni/ | xinyenyana /ʃiɲeˈɲana/ | inyoni /iɲoni/ |
| 蝴蝶 | serurubele /seruruˈbele/ | serurubele /seruruˈbele/ | serurubele /seruruˈbele/ | sipulumuki /sipulumuki/ | tshisusu /tʃʰisusu/ | phapharhati /pʰapʰaˈrati/ | iviyaviyani /ivijavijani/ |
| 鸡蛋 | lee /leː/ | lee /lɛɛ/ | lehe /lehe/ | lii /liː/ | gumba /ɡumba/ | tandza /tandza/ | iqanda /iǃanda/ |
| 熊 | bêrê /bɛrɛ/ | bera /bɛra/ | bere /bɛrɛ/ | bele /bele/ | biara /biara/ | bere /bere/ | ibhere /ibʱere/ |
| 马 | pere /pere/ | pitse /pitse/ | pere /pere/ | pizi /pizi/ | bere /bere/ | hanci /hantʃi/ | injomani /indʒoˈmani/ |
| 房子 | ntlo /ntɬo/ | ntlo /ntɬo/ | ntlo /ntɬo/ | ndu /ndu/ | nnḓu /n̪d̪u/ | yindlu /jindɮu/ | indlu /indɮu/ |
| 牛奶 | maswi /maswi/ | mashi /maʃi/ | lebese /lebese/ | mabisi /mabisi/ | mafhi /maɸi/ | masi /masi/ | ibisi /iˈɓisi/ |
| 蜂蜜 | todi /todi/ | tswina /tswina/ | mahe a dinotshi /mahe a dinotsʰi/ | linosi /linosi/ | mutoli /mutoli/ | vulombe /vulombe/ | iliju /ilidʒu/ |
| 盐 | letswai /letswai/ | letswai /letswai/ | letswai /letswai/ | lizwai /lizwai/ | muṋo /mun̪o/ | munyu /muɲu/ | itswayi /itswaji/ |
| 葡萄酒 | beine /beine/ | beine /beine/ | veine /veine/ | waine /waine/ | waini /waini/ | vhinyo /viɲo/ | iwayini /iwaˈjini/ |
| 米 | reisi /reisi/ | raese /raese/ | raese /raese/ | laisi /laisi/ | raisi /raisi/ | rhayisi /rajisi/ | ireyisi /irejisi/ |
| 巧克力 | tšhokolete /tʃʰokolete/ | tshokolete /tsʰokolete/ | tjhokolete /tʃʰokolete/ | chocolate | tshokoleti | chokoleti /tʃokoleti/ | chocolate |
| 铁 | tshipi /ˈtsʰipi/ | tshipi /ˈtsʰipi/ | tshepe /ˈtsʰepe/ | sipi /sipi/ | tsimbi /tsimbi/ | nsimbi /nsimbi/ | isimbi /iˈsimbi/ |
| 轮子 | leotwana /leoˈtwana/ | leotwana /leotwana/ | lebili /lebili/ | liwili /liwili/ | mulinga /muliŋa/ | vhilwa /vilwa/ | ivili /iˈvili/ |
| 丝 | silika /silika/ | silika /silika/ | silika /silika/ | siliki /siliki/ | siliga /siliɡa/ | silika /silika/ | isilika /isiˈlika/ |
| 书 | puku /puku/ | buka /buka/ | buka /buka/ | buka /buka/ | bugu /buɡu/ | buku /buku/ | incwadi /iŋǀʷadi/ |
| 吃 | go ja /χo dʒa/ | go ja /χo dʒa/ | ho ja /ho dʒa/ | kuca /kutʃa/ | u ḽa /u l̪a/ | ku dya /ku dʒa/ | ukudla /ukuɮa/ |
| 喝 | go nwa /χo nwa/ | go nwa /χo nwa/ | ho noa /ho noa/ | kunwa /kunwa/ | u nwa /u nwa/ | ku nwa /ku nwa/ | ukusela /ukusela/ |
| 睡觉 | go robala /χo rʊˈbala/ | go robala /χo rʊˈbala/ | ho robala /ho rʊˈbala/ | kulobala /kulobala/ | u eḓela /u eˈd̪ela/ | ku etlela /ku eˈtɬela/ | ukulala /ukulala/ |
| 一 | tee /teː/ | nngwe /ŋːwe/ | nngwe /ŋːwe/ | nyinwi /ɲiŋʷi/ | nthihi /ntʰihi/ | rinʼwe /riŋwe/ | nye /ɲe/ |
| 二 | pedi /pedi/ | pedi /pedi/ | pedi /pedi/ | peli /peli/ | mbili /mbili/ | mbirhi /mbiri/ | kubili /kuɓili/ |
| 三 | tharo /tʰaro/ | tharo /tʰaro/ | tharo /tʰaʀo/ | talu /talu/ | tharu /tʰaru/ | nharhu /ɳaɾu/ | kuthathu /kutʰatʰu/ |
| 四 | nne /nːɛ/ | nne /nːe/ | nne /nːe/ | ne /ne/ | ṋa /n̪a/ | mune /mune/ | kune /kunɛ/ |
| 五 | hlano /ɬano/ | tlhano /tɬʰano/ | hlano /ɬano/ | ketalizoho /ketalizoho/ | ṱhanu /t̪ʰanu/ | ntlhanu /ntɬʰanu/ | ihlanu /iɬanu/ |
| 百 | lekgolo /leχolo/ | lekgolo /leχolo/ | lekgolo /leχolo/ | mwanda /mwanda/ | ḓana /d̪ana/ | dzana /dzana/ | ikhulu /iˈkʰulu/ |
| 你好 | dumela /dumɛla/ | dumela /dumeːla/ | dumela /dumɛla/ | lumela /lumela/ | ndaa /ndaː/ | avuxeni /avuʃeni/ | lotjhani /lotʃʰani/ |
| 谢谢 | ke a leboga /ke a leboɣa/ | ke a leboga /ke a leboɣa/ | kea leboha /kea leboha/ | nitumezi /nitumezi/ | ndo livhuwa /ndo livʱuwa/ | inkomu /iŋkomu/ | ngiyathokoza /ŋijatʰokoza/ |
| 好 | botse /botse/ | siame /siaːme/ | monate /monate/ | nde /nde/ | zwavhuḓi /zwavʱud̪i/ | kahle /kaɬe/ | kuhle /kuɬe/ |
| 新 | mpsha /mpsʰa/ | ntshwa /ntsʰwa/ | ntjha /ntʃʰa/ | nca /ntʃa/ | ntswa /ntswa/ | ntshwa /ntsʰwa/ | tjha /tʃʰa/ |
| 红 | hubedu /hubedu/ | khibidu /kʰibidu/ | khubelu /kʰubelu/ | fubelu /fubelu/ | tswuku /tswuku/ | tshwuka /tsʰwuka/ | bomvu /ɓoːmvu/ |
| 白 | tšhweu /tʃʰwɛu/ | tshweu /tsʰwɛu/ | tšhweu /tsʰweu/ | sweu /sweu/ | tshena /tsʰena/ | basa /ˈbasa/ | mhlophe /mɬɔpʰe/ |
| 黑 | ntsho /ntsʰɔ/ | ntsho /ntsʰɔ/ | ntšo /ntsʰɔ/ | nsu /nsu/ | ntswu /ntswu/ | ntima /ntima/ | nzima /nzima/ |
| 绿 | tala /tala/ | tala /tala/ | tala /tala/ | tala /tala/ | dala /dala/ | rihlaza /riɬaza/ | hlaza /ɬaːza/ |
| 蓝 | tala /tala/ | tala /tala/ | tala /tala/ | tala /tala/ | lutombo /lutombo/ | rihlaza /riɬaza/ | hlaza /ɬaːza/ |
| 电脑 | khomphutha /kʰompʰutʰa/ | khomphuta /kʰompʰuta/ | khomputa /kʰomputa/ | kompyuta /kompjuta/ | khomphyutha /kʰompʰjutʰa/ | khompyuta /kʰompjuta/ | ikhomphyutha /ikʰompʰjutʰa/ |
| Wi-Fi | Wi-Fi | — | — | — | — | Wi-Fi | — |
| 寿司 | sushi | sushi | — | — | — | — | — |
| 茶 | teye /teje/ | tee /teː/ | tee /teː/ | tii /tiː/ | tie /tie/ | tiya /tija/ | itiye /iˈtije/ |
| 咖啡 | kofi /kofi/ | kofi /kofi/ | kofi /kofi/ | kofi /kofi/ | kofi /kofi/ | kofi /kofi/ | ikofi /ikofi/ |
| 糖 | swikiri /swikiri/ | sukiri /sukiri/ | tswekere /tswekere/ | shuga /ʃuɡa/ | swigiri /swiɡiri/ | chukela /tʃukela/ | itjhukela /itʃʰukela/ |
| 橙 | namune /namune/ | namune /namune/ | lamunu /lamunu/ | olenji /olendʒi/ | swiri | lamula /lamula/ | orentji /orentʃi/ |
| 99 | masome a senyane le senyane /masome a seɲane le seɲane/ | masome a robongwe robongwe /masome a roboŋwe roboŋwe/ | mashome a robong a metso e robong /maʃome a ʀoboŋ a metso e ʀoboŋ/ | — | — | makume nkaye nkaye /makume ŋkaje ŋkaje/ | amatjhumi alithoba nethoba /amatʃʰumi alitʰoɓa netʰoɓa/ |
| 多巴胺 | dopamine | — | — | — | — | dopamine | — |
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