Dizhsa
Tlacolula-Zapotekisch
Oto-Mangue (Zapotecan)
Das Tlacolula-Zapotekisch (autonym Dizhsa, manchmal auch Tal-Zapotekisch oder, für die am besten dokumentierte Varietät, San-Lucas-Quiaviní-Zapotekisch genannt) ist eine otomanguische Sprache des Tlacolula-Tals östlich der Stadt Oaxaca. Mit nur etwa 6.000 Sprechern und einer raschen Verdrängung durch das Spanische ist das Tlacolula-Zapotekisch stark gefährdet, hat jedoch durch Pamela Munros Zapotec Documentation Project an der UCLA akademische Bedeutung erlangt. Wie alle zapotekischen Varietäten ist es eine Tonsprache (3–4 kontrastive Töne sowie Phonationsunterschiede einschließlich behauchter und knarrender Vokale). Der Sonntagsmarkt von Tlacolula — einer der ältesten indigenen Märkte Mexikos — bleibt ein zentraler Ort, an dem die Sprache noch aktiv verwendet wird.
Wo die Sprache gesprochen wird
Tlacolula-Zapotekisch: 87 Kernwörter
Quellen
Wörter im Vergleich
Verglichen mit verwandten Sprachen: Oto-Mangue (Zapotecan)
| Bedeutung | Tlacolula-Zapotekisch | Zapotekisch | San-Blas-Kuna | Yukatekisches Maya | Tojolabal | Coyutla-Totonakisch | Irula |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wasser | nis /nis/ | nisa /nisa/ | di /di/ | jaʼ /haʔ/ | jaʼ /haʔ/ | chúchut /tʃútʃut/ | nīr /niːɾ/ |
| Feuer | bal /bal/ | gui /ɡi/ | so /so/ | kʼáakʼ /kʼaːkʼ/ | kʼakʼ /kʼakʼ/ | lhkúyat /ɬkújat/ | tī /tiː/ |
| Sonne | gubidx /ɡubidʒ/ | gubidxa /ɡubidʒa/ | dad /tad/ | kʼiin /kʼiːn/ | kʼakʼu /kʼakʼu/ | chichiní /tʃitʃiní/ | čūriyen /tʃuːɾijen/ |
| Mond | buu /buː/ | beeu /beːu/ | nii /niː/ | uj /uh/ | ixaw /iʃaw/ | papá /papá/ | niḷā /niɭaː/ |
| Stern | balgui /balɡi/ | béleguí /beleɡiʔ/ | niisgwa /niːskwa/ | eekʼ /eːkʼ/ | kʼanal /kʼanal/ | staku /staku/ | naṭčattiram /naʈtʃatːiɾam/ |
| Nacht | gueel /ɡeːl/ | gueela /ɡeːla/ | mutik /mutik/ | áakʼabʼ /aːkʼaɓ/ | aʼkwal /aʔkʷal/ | tsisní /tsisní/ | ravu /ravu/ |
| Regen | nisguia /nisɡia/ | nisaguié /nisaɡie/ | — | cháak /tʃáːk/ | — | sin /sin/ | — |
| Wind | bi /bi/ | bi /bi/ | burwa /burwa/ | iikʼ /iːkʼ/ | ikʼ /ʔikʼ/ | uún /uún/ | — |
| Erde | yiu /jiu/ | yu /ju/ | napa /napa/ | luʼum /luʔum/ | luʼum /luʔum/ | tíyat /tíjat/ | — |
| Stein | guia /ɡia/ | guie /ɡie/ | akwa /akwa/ | tuunich /tuːˈnitʃ/ | ton /ton/ | chíwix /tʃíwiʃ/ | kal /kal/ |
| Berg | dany /daɲ/ | dani /dani/ | yar /jaɾ/ | wiits /wiːts/ | wits /wits/ | kestín /kestín/ | — |
| Meer | nisdoo /nisdoː/ | nisadoʼ /nisadoʔ/ | demar /temaɾ/ | kʼáaʼnáab /kʼaːʔnaːb/ | niwan paman jaʼ /niwan paman haʔ/ | pupunú /pupunú/ | — |
| Mutter | xnan /ʃnan/ | jñaa /xɲaː/ | nan /nan/ | naʼ /naʔ/ | nan /nan/ | tzí /tsí/ | ammā /amːaː/ |
| Vater | xtad /ʃtad/ | bixhoze /biʃoze/ | baba /baba/ | taata /taːta/ | tat /tat/ | tlat /tɬat/ | ayyā /ajːaː/ |
| Tochter | zhinyzhyap /ʒiɲʒjap/ | xiñi dxaapa /ʃiɲi dʒaːpa/ | sisgwa /sisɡwa/ | x aal /ʃaːl/ | ʼixukil /ʔiʃukil/ | tsumat /tsumat/ | — |
| Ich | naa /naː/ | naa /naːʔ/ | an /an/ | teen /teːn/ | keʼn /keʔn/ | akit /akit/ | nānu /naːnu/ |
| Du | liʼ /liʔ/ | liiʼ /liːʔ/ | be /pe/ | teech /teːtʃ/ | weʼn /weʔn/ | wix /wiʃ/ | nī /niː/ |
| Wir | nuʼ /nuʔ/ | laanu / laadu /laːnu / laːdu/ | anmar /anmar/ | toʼon /toʔon/ | keʼntik / keʼntikon /keʔntik / keʔntikon/ | akinín /akinín/ | nāvu /naːvu/ |
| Name | laʼ /laʔ/ | lá /la/ | nug /nuk/ | kʼaabaʼ /kʼaːɓaʔ/ | bʼiʼil /ɓiʔil/ | takuwiní /takuwiní/ | pēru /peːɾu/ |
| Mensch | bniety /bnietj/ | binni /binːi/ | dule /tule/ | máak /maːk/ | winkil /winkil/ | — | — |
| Kopf | guëcy /ɡəkʲ/ | ique /ike/ | nono /nono/ | pool /poːl/ | ʼolom /ʔolom/ | akgxakga /aqʃaqa/ | — |
| Auge | bsloo /bsloː/ | lú /lú/ | ibya /ibja/ | ich /itʃ/ | satej /sateh/ | lakgastapu /laqastapu/ | kaṇṇ /kaɳː/ |
| Ohr | diaga /diaɡa/ | diaga /diaɡa/ | uaduk /uaduk/ | xikin /ʃikin/ | chikin /tʃikin/ | takgén /taqén/ | kādu /kaːdu/ |
| Nase | zhi /ʒi/ | xii /ʃiː/ | asu /asu/ | niʼ /niʔ/ | niʼ /niʔ/ | — | mūku /muːku/ |
| Mund | ruu /ɾuː/ | ruaa /ɾuaː/ | kaya /kaja/ | chiʼ /tʃiʔ/ | tiʼ /tiʔ/ | kilhni /kiɬni/ | vāyi /vaːji/ |
| Zahn | yalay /jalaj/ | laya /laja/ | nugar /nuɡar/ | koh /koh/ | ex /eʃ/ | tatsán /tatsán/ | pallu /palːu/ |
| Zunge | ludxy /ludʒj/ | ludxi /ludʒi/ | kuabin /kuabin/ | aakʼ /aːkʼ/ | akʼ /akʼ/ | simakgat /simaqat/ | nāku /naːku/ |
| Hand | na /na/ | na /naʔ/ | arigan /aɾiɡan/ | kʼabʼ /kʼaɓ/ | kʼabʼ /kʼaɓ/ | makán /makán/ | kayyu /kajːu/ |
| Fuß | nii /niː/ | ñee /ɲeː/ | nag /nak/ | ook /oːk/ | ok /ok/ | tantún /tantún/ | kālu /kaːlu/ |
| Herz | lazdoo /lazdoː/ | ladxi /ladʒi/ | kurgin /kuɾɡin/ | puksiʼikʼal /puksiʔikʼal/ | altzil /altsil/ | naku /naku/ | idayam /idajam/ |
| Knochen | dxit /dʒit/ | dxita /dʒita/ | kar /kaɾ/ | bʼaak /ɓaːk/ | bakel /ɓakel/ | lúkut /lúkut/ | elumbu /elumbu/ |
| Blut | rén /ɾen/ | rini /rini/ | abe /abe/ | kʼiʼikʼ /kʼiʔikʼ/ | chikʼel /tʃikʼel/ | kgalhni /qaɬni/ | netaru /netaru/ |
| Liebe | rcaaz /ɾkaːz/ | ranaxhii /ɾanaʃiː/ | sabbi /sabːi/ | yaakuntej /jaːkunteh/ | skʼana /skʼana/ | — /—/ | kāhal /kaːhal/ |
| Baum | yag /jaɡ/ | yaga /jaɡa/ | sappi /sapːi/ | cheʼ /tʃeʔ/ | teʼ /teʔ/ | kiwi /kiwi/ | maram /maɾam/ |
| Hund | beecu /beːku/ | biʼcuʼ /biʔkuʔ/ | achu /atʃu/ | peekʼ /peːkʼ/ | tsʼiʼ /tsʼiʔ/ | chichi /tʃitʃi/ | nāyi /naːji/ |
| Katze | mishu /miʃu/ | mistuu /mistuː/ | miji /midʒi/ | miis /miːs/ | mis /mis/ | mishtu /miʃtu/ | pūne /puːne/ |
| Fisch | beld /beld/ | benda /benda/ | ua /ua/ | kay /kaj/ | chay /tʃaj/ | skiti /skiti/ | mīn /miːn/ |
| Schmetterling | beguidy /beɡidj/ | biguidiʼ /biɡidiʔ/ | — | péepen /peːpen/ | pejpen /pehpen/ | — | — |
| Pferd | cabay /kabaj/ | maniʼ /maniʔ/ | moli /moli/ | tsíimin /tsiːmin/ | kawu /kawu/ | kawayu /kawaju/ | — |
| Haus | yuu /juː/ | lidxi /lidʒi/ | nega /neɡa/ | naj /nah/ | naj /nah/ | chiki /tʃiki/ | vīḍu /viːɖu/ |
| Milch | lech /letʃ/ | leche /letʃe/ | nunis /nunis/ | leche /letʃe/ | lech /letʃ/ | leche /letʃe/ | pāl /paːl/ |
| Salz | zeidy /zeidj/ | zidi /zidi/ | balu /palu/ | taʼab /taʔaɓ/ | atsʼam /atsʼam/ | mátzat /mátsat/ | — |
| Wein | vin /vin/ | vinu /binu/ | vino /ˈbino/ | vino /bino/ | yaalel tzʼusub /jaːlel tsʼusub/ | vino /bino/ | — |
| Reis | rros /ros/ | arros /aɾos/ | oros /oɾos/ | arroz /aros/ | ʼaros /ʔaros/ | — | — |
| Schokolade | nax /naʃ/ | dxuladi /dʒuladi/ | — | chukwaʼ /tʃukwaʔ/ | tsʼanubʼal kakaw /tsʼanuɓal kakaw/ | — | — |
| Eisen | gyieb /ɡʲieb/ | guiibaʼ /ɡiːbaʔ/ | esgoro /esɡoɾo/ | máaskab /maːskab/ | takʼin /takʼin/ | likán /likán/ | — |
| Rad | rrued /rued/ | rueeda /ɾweːda/ | yanda /janda/ | rueda /rweda/ | rweda /rweda/ | — | — |
| Seide | sed /sed/ | seda /seda/ | seda /seda/ | seda /seda/ | seda /seda/ | seda /seda/ | — |
| Buch | liebr /liebɾ/ | guiʼchi /ɡiʔtʃi/ | garda /ɡaɾda/ | juʼun /huʔun/ | juʼun /huʔun/ | libro /libro/ | — |
| Essen | rau /ɾau/ | ro /ɾo/ | gunne /ɡune/ | jaant /haːnt/ | waʼel /waʔel/ | wayán /waján/ | činnu /tʃinːu/ |
| Trinken | re /ɾe/ | ge /ɡe/ | gobe /ɡobe/ | ukʼul /ukʼul/ | ukʼ /ukʼ/ | kgotnún /qotnún/ | kuḍi /kuɖi/ |
| Schlafen | rasi /ɾasi/ | rasi /ɾasi/ | gabe /ɡabe/ | wenel /wenel/ | wayel /wajel/ | lhtata /ɬtata/ | rongu /roŋɡu/ |
| Eins | tuby /tubj/ | tobi /tobi/ | kuenki /kweŋki/ | jun /hun/ | jun /hun/ | aktum /aktum/ | onnu /onːu/ |
| Zwei | tiop /tiop/ | chupa /tʃupa/ | bo /po/ | kaʼ /kaʔ/ | chabʼ /tʃaɓ/ | aktuy /aktuj/ | reṇḍu /reɳɖu/ |
| Drei | chon /tʃon/ | chonna /tʃonːa/ | baa /baː/ | óox /ʔoːʃ/ | oxe /oʃe/ | aktutu /aktutu/ | mūnru /muːnɾu/ |
| Vier | tap /tap/ | tapa /tapa/ | bake /pake/ | kan /kan/ | chane /tʃane/ | aktati /aktati/ | nālu /naːlu/ |
| Fünf | gai /ɡai/ | gaayuʼ /ɡaːjuʔ/ | atar /ataɾ/ | joʼ /hoʔ/ | joʼe /hoʔe/ | kitsis /kitsis/ | anju /aɲdʒu/ |
| Hundert | gayuaa /ɡajuaː/ | gayuaa /ɡajuaː/ | dulatar /dulataɾ/ | joʼokʼáal /hoʔokʼaːl/ | joʼ winkeʼ /hoʔ winkeʔ/ | ciento /sjento/ | nūru /nuːɾu/ |
| Hallo | padiux /padiuʃ/ | padixhe /padiʃe/ | nuedi /nweðiː/ | baʼax ka waʼalik /baʔaʃ ka waʔalik/ | lekilukʼ /lekilukʼ/ | tlen lhítat /tɬen ɬítat/ | vannakkam /vanːakːam/ |
| Danke | xclen loʼ /ʃklen loʔ/ | xtiozenu /ʃtjozenu/ | nuedi malo /nweðiː malo/ | dios boʼotik /dios boʔotik/ | yuj /juh/ | paʼxkatkatsiniyán /paʔʃkatkatsiniján/ | nanri /nanɾi/ |
| Gut | nazaac /nazaːk/ | nazaaca /nazaːka/ | nuegan /nweɡan/ | maʼalob /maʔalob/ | lek /lek/ | tlan /tɬan/ | nalla /nalːa/ |
| Neu | cuby /kubj/ | nacubi /nakubi/ | binid /binid/ | túumben /tuːmben/ | yajkʼachil /jahkʼatʃil/ | xasasti /ʃasasti/ | — |
| Rot | xnia /ʃnia/ | xiñaʼ /ʃiɲaʔ/ | kinnid /kinːid/ | chak /tʃak/ | chak /tʃak/ | tsutsokgo /tsutsoqo/ | sikappu /sikappu/ |
| Weiß | nguits /ŋɡits/ | quichi /kitʃi/ | sipu /sipu/ | sak /sak/ | sak /sak/ | snapapa /snapapa/ | — |
| Schwarz | ngas /ŋas/ | nayaaseʼ /najaːseʔ/ | sichid /sitʃid/ | box /boʃ/ | kʼikʼ /kʼikʼ/ | tsitsekge /tsitseqe/ | — |
| Grün | nga /ŋa/ | naberde /naberde/ | arrad /arːad/ | yaʼax /jaʔaʃ/ | yaʼax /jaʔaʃ/ | — | — |
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