بُروشَسکی
Burushaski
Lingua isolata
Il burushaski è una lingua isolata parlata nella regione del Karakorum, nel Pakistan settentrionale. Nonostante oltre un secolo di studi comparativi, non è stata stabilita una parentela convincente con altre lingue. Possiede quattro classi nominali (umano maschile, umano femminile, numerabile, non numerabile) e un complesso sistema di prefissi pronominali verbali.
Dove si parla
87 parole essenziali in burushaski
Fonti
Parole a confronto
Confronto con lingue della stessa classificazione: Lingua isolata
| Significato | Burushaski | Luvio | Wichita | Tagalog antico | Tagalog | Kavalan | Cebuano |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acqua | ċhil /tsʰil/ | wār /waːr/ | kicʔa /kitsʔa/ | ᜆᜓᜊᜒᜄ᜔ /tubiɡ/ | tubig /tubiɡ/ | zanum /zaˈnum/ | tubig /tubiɡ/ |
| Fuoco | phu /pʰu/ | pāḫur /ˈpaːxur/ | heːcʔa /heːtsʔa/ | ᜀᜉᜓᜌ᜔ /apuj/ | apoy /ʔaˈpoj/ | ramaz /raˈmaz/ | kalayo /kalajo/ |
| Sole | sa /sa/ | 𔖖𔓚 /ˈtiwad/ | saːkhirʔa /saːkʰiɾʔa/ | ᜀᜇᜏ᜔ /araw/ | araw /ˈʔaɾaw/ | siban /siˈban/ | adlaw /adlaw/ |
| Luna | halánċ /haˈlants/ | 𔓜𔒄𔗦 /ˈarmas/ | waːh /waːh/ | ᜊᜓᜏᜈ᜔ /buwan/ | buwan /buwan/ | buran /buˈran/ | bulan /bulan/ |
| Stella | asií /asiˈi/ | — /—/ | hiːkwirikʔa /hiːkʷiɾikʔa/ | ᜊᜒᜆᜓᜁᜈ᜔ /bituʔin/ | bituin /bituˈʔin/ | bituqan /bituqan/ | bituon /bituˈʔon/ |
| Notte | thap /tʰap/ | — /—/ | ckhaːrʔa /tskʰaːɾʔa/ | ᜄᜊᜒ /ɡaˈbi/ | gabi /ɡaˈbi/ | qabi /ʁabiʔ/ | gabii /ɡaˈbiʔi/ |
| Pioggia | harált /haˈralt/ | — | — | ᜂᜎᜈ᜔ /ulan/ | ulan /ˈʔulan/ | uzan /uˈzan/ | ulan /ˈʔulan/ |
| Neve | ge /ɡe/ | — | hiraːʔa /hiɾaːʔa/ | — | niyebe /nijebe/ | suRna /suʁna/ | niyebe /niˈjebe/ |
| Vento | hawáa /haˈwaː/ | — | niweʔeːrʔa /niweʔeːɾʔa/ | ᜑᜅᜒᜈ᜔ /haˈŋin/ | hangin /haˈŋin/ | bari /baˈri/ | hangin /haˈŋin/ |
| Terra | tik /tik/ | tiyamma- /tijamma/ | — | ᜎᜓᜉ /lupaʔ/ | lupa /lupaʔ/ | melanay /məɾaˈnaj/ | yuta /juta/ |
| Pietra | dan /dan/ | assu- /ˈasːu/ | — | ᜊᜆᜓ /baˈto/ | bato /baˈtoʔ/ | btu /btu/ | bato /baˈto/ |
| Montagna | ćhiṣ /tɕʰiʂ/ | watti- /ˈwatːi/ | — | ᜊᜓᜈ᜔ᜇᜓᜃ᜔ /bunˈdok/ | bundok /bunˈdok/ | naung /nauŋ/ | bukid /ˈbukid/ |
| Mare | — /—/ | — | — | ᜇᜄᜆ᜔ /daɡat/ | dagat /ˈdaɡat/ | lazing /laziŋ/ | dagat /ˈdaɡat/ |
| Madre | -mi /mi/ | anni- /ˈanni/ | eciyeːh /etsijeːh/ | ᜁᜈ /ina/ | ina /ʔiˈna/ | tina /ˈtina/ | inahan /inahan/ |
| Padre | táti /ˈtati/ | 𔐞𔑣𔓯𔗔 /ˈtadis/ | taːtah /taːtah/ | ᜀᜋ /ama/ | ama /ʔaˈma/ | tama /ˈtama/ | amahan /amahan/ |
| Figlia | -i /i/ | duttariyati- /ˈdutːarijati/ | — | — | anak na babae /ˈʔanak na baˈbaʔe/ | — | anak nga babaye /anak ŋa babaje/ |
| Io | je /dʑe/ | 𔐀 /ˈamu/ | nacʔih /natsʔih/ | ᜀᜃᜓ /ako/ | ako /ʔaˈko/ | aiku /aiku/ | ako /ʔaˈko/ |
| Tu | un /un/ | tu /tu/ | nasʔih /nasʔih/ | ᜁᜃᜏ᜔ /ikaw/ | ikaw /ʔiˈkaw/ | aisu /aisu/ | ikaw /ʔiˈkaw/ |
| Noi | mi /mi/ | anzāš /ˈantsaːs/ | — /—/ | ᜆᜌᜓ / ᜃᜋᜒ /ˈtajo / kaˈmi/ | tayo / kami /ˈtaːjo / kaˈmi/ | aita / aimi /aita / aimi/ | kita / kami /kiˈta / kaˈmi/ |
| Nome | ik /ik/ | 𔐓𔓇𔒄𔖪 /ˈalamantsa/ | hissaːrʔa /hissaːɾʔa/ | ᜅᜎᜈ᜔ /ŋalan/ | pangalan /paˈŋalan/ | nangan /naŋan/ | ngalan /ˈŋalan/ |
| Persona | sis /sis/ | ziti- /ˈtsiti/ | ihaas /ihaas/ | ᜆᜂ /taʔo/ | tao /ˈtaʔo/ | lazat /lazat/ | tawo /ˈtawo/ |
| Testa | -yaṭis /jaʈis/ | ḫarmaḫi- /ˈxarmaxi/ | — | ᜂᜎᜓ /ulo/ | ulo /ˈʔulo/ | uru /uʁu/ | ulo /ˈʔulo/ |
| Occhio | -lćin /ltɕin/ | tawi- /ˈtawi/ | kirikʔa /kiɾikʔa/ | ᜋᜆ /mata/ | mata /mata/ | mata /maˈta/ | mata /mata/ |
| Orecchio | -ltúmal /lˈtumal/ | tummant- /ˈtumːant/ | — | ᜆᜁᜅ /taˈʔiŋa/ | tainga /taˈʔiŋa/ | kayal /kajal/ | dalunggan /daluŋˈɡan/ |
| Naso | -múpuṣ /ˈmupuʂ/ | — | — | ᜁᜎᜓᜅ᜔ /iˈloŋ/ | ilong /ʔiˈloŋ/ | unung /unuŋ/ | ilong /ʔiˈloŋ/ |
| Bocca | -qhát /qʰat/ | āssa- /ˈaːsːa/ | — | ᜊᜒᜊᜒᜄ᜔ /biˈbiɡ/ | bibig /biˈbiɡ/ | ngibiR /ŋibiʁ/ | baba /ˈbabaʔ/ |
| Dente | -mé /me/ | — /—/ | aːkʔa /aːkʔa/ | ᜅᜒᜉᜒᜈ᜔ /ŋiˈpin/ | ngipin /ŋiˈpin/ | bangraw /baŋʁau/ | ngipon /ŋiˈpon/ |
| Lingua | -úmus /ˈumus/ | lāli- /ˈlaːli/ | hacʼa /hatsʔa/ | ᜇᜒᜎ /diˈlaʔ/ | dila /diˈlaʔ/ | rilam /ʁilam/ | dila /diˈlaʔ/ |
| Mano | -ríiṅ /ˈriːŋ/ | 𔑁𔓯𔑶𔖸 /ˈistri/ | iskʔa /iskʔa/ | ᜃᜋᜌ᜔ /kamaj/ | kamay /kamaj/ | rima /riˈma/ | kamot /kamot/ |
| Piede | -úṭ /uʈ/ | pāta- /ˈpaːta/ | asʔa /asʔa/ | ᜉᜀ /paˈʔa/ | paa /paˈʔa/ | zapan /zaˈpan/ | tiil /tiˈʔil/ |
| Cuore | -s /s/ | zārt- /tsaːrt/ | sikicʔa /sikitsʔa/ | ᜉᜓᜐᜓ /puso/ | puso /puˈsoʔ/ | anem /aˈnəm/ | kasingkasing /kasiŋkasiŋ/ |
| Osso | -ltin /ltin/ | ḫāssa- /ˈxaːsːa/ | kiːsʔa /kiːsʔa/ | ᜊᜓᜆᜓ /buˈtoʔ/ | buto /buˈtoʔ/ | tiran /tiʁan/ | bukog /buˈkoɡ/ |
| Sangue | multán /mulˈtan/ | āšḫar- /ˈaːsxar/ | waːckicʔa /waːtskitsʔa/ | ᜇᜓᜄᜓ /duˈɡoʔ/ | dugo /duˈɡoʔ/ | rinang /ʁinaŋ/ | dugo /duˈɡoʔ/ |
| Cacca | ġuráṣ /ɣuˈraʂ/ | — | — | ᜆᜁ /taʔe/ | tae /ˈtaʔɛ/ | tad /tad/ | tae /taʔe/ |
| Amore | títir /ˈtitir/ | azza- /ˈatsːa/ | — /—/ | ᜁᜊᜒᜄ᜔ /ibiɡ/ | pag-ibig /paɡʔibiɡ/ | — /—/ | gugma /ɡuɡma/ |
| Albero | tom /tom/ | — /—/ | tiyaːhkw /tijaːhkʷ/ | ᜃᜑᜓᜌ᜔ /kahoj/ | puno /puno/ | kasuy /kaˈsuj/ | kahoy /kahoj/ |
| Cane | huk /huk/ | zuwana- /tsuˈwana/ | kiciyeːh /kitsijeːh/ | ᜀᜐᜓ /aso/ | aso /ˈʔaso/ | wasu /waˈsu/ | iro /ʔiˈɾoʔ/ |
| Gatto | buś /buɕ/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | ᜉᜓᜐ /pusa/ | pusa /pusa/ | ngiyaw /ŋiˈjaw/ | iring /iɾiŋ/ |
| Pesce | ćhúmo /ˈtɕʰumo/ | — /—/ | kaːcʔa /kaːtsʔa/ | ᜁᜐ᜔ᜇ /ʔisˈdaʔ/ | isda /ʔisˈdaʔ/ | baut /baut/ | isda /ʔisˈdaʔ/ |
| Uccello | balás /baˈlas/ | — | ichir /itsʰiɾ/ | ᜁᜊᜓᜈ᜔ /iˈbon/ | ibon /ʔiˈbon/ | alam /aˈɬam/ | langgam /laŋˈɡam/ |
| Farfalla | hoólalas /ˈhoːlalas/ | — | — | ᜉᜇᜓᜉᜇᜓ /paɾupaˈɾo/ | paruparo /paɾupaˈɾo/ | pulaw /pulaw/ | alibangbang /ʔalibaŋˈbaŋ/ |
| Uovo | ṭiṅán /ʈiˈŋan/ | — | nikwiːkʔa /nikʷiːkʔa/ | ᜁᜆ᜔ᜎᜓᜄ᜔ /itˈloɡ/ | itlog /ʔitˈloɡ/ | tirur /tiʁuʁ/ | itlog /ʔitˈloɡ/ |
| Orso | ya /ja/ | — | — | — | oso /ˈʔoso/ | tumay /tuˈmai/ | oso /ˈoso/ |
| Cavallo | haġúr /haˈɣur/ | azzu- /ˈatsːu/ | — | — | kabayo /kaˈbajo/ | kebayu /kəbaju/ | kabayo /kaˈbajo/ |
| Casa | ha /ha/ | 𔔙𔐤𔖪 /ˈparnantsa/ | akhaːrʔa /akʰaːɾʔa/ | ᜊᜑᜌ᜔ /bahaj/ | bahay /bahaj/ | lepaw /ləˈpaw/ | balay /balaj/ |
| Latte | mamú /maˈmu/ | — | — | ᜄᜆᜐ᜔ /ˈɡatas/ | gatas /ˈɡatas/ | — | gatas /ˈɡatas/ |
| Miele | mac̣híi /maˈʈʂʰiː/ | malli- /ˈmalːi/ | — | ᜉᜓᜎᜓᜆ᜔ /puˈlot/ | pulot /puˈlot/ | wanu /wanu/ | dugos /duˈɡos/ |
| Sale | bayú /baˈju/ | — | — | ᜀᜐᜒᜈ᜔ /aˈsin/ | asin /ʔaˈsin/ | zemiyan /zəmijan/ | asin /ʔaˈsin/ |
| Riso | bras /bras/ | — | — | ᜊᜒᜄᜐ᜔ /biˈɡas/ | bigas /biˈɡas/ | beRas /bəʁas/ | bugas /buˈɡas/ |
| Ferro | ćímar /ˈtɕimar/ | — | — | ᜊᜃᜎ᜔ /ˈbakal/ | bakal /baˈkal/ | balis /baˈlis/ | puthaw /putˈhaw/ |
| Libro | — /—/ | — | — | — | aklat /ʔakˈlat/ | sudad /sudad/ | libro /ˈlibɾo/ |
| Mangiare | ṣi- /ʂi/ | ad- /ad/ | kaʔac /kaʔats/ | ᜃᜁᜈ᜔ /kain/ | kumain /kumaˈʔin/ | quman /quˈman/ | kaon /kaʔon/ |
| Bere | min- /min/ | ū- /uː/ | kikʔa /kikʔa/ | ᜁᜈᜓᜋ᜔ /inom/ | uminom /ʔumiˈnom/ | mimum /miˈmum/ | inom /inom/ |
| Dormire | gućhá- /ɡuˈtɕʰa/ | — | — | ᜆᜓᜎᜓᜄ᜔ /ˈtuloɡ/ | matulog /maˈtuloɡ/ | mainep /maiˈnəp/ | matulog /maˈtuloɡ/ |
| Uno | hin /hin/ | — /—/ | chiʔass /tsʰiʔass/ | ᜁᜐ /isa/ | isa /ʔiˈsa/ | issa /ˈissa/ | usa /usa/ |
| Due | altó /alˈto/ | — /—/ | wic /wits/ | ᜇᜎᜏ /dalaˈwa/ | dalawa /dalaˈwa/ | zusa /zusa/ | duha /duˈha/ |
| Tre | iskén /isˈken/ | tarri- /ˈtarːi/ | taw /taw/ | ᜆᜆ᜔ᜎᜓ /tatˈloʔ/ | tatlo /tatˈloʔ/ | turu /tuɾu/ | tulo /tuˈlo/ |
| Quattro | wálto /ˈwalto/ | māuwa- /ˈmaːuwa/ | taːkwic /taːkʷits/ | ᜀᜉᜆ᜔ /aˈpat/ | apat /ˈʔapat/ | spat /spat/ | upat /ˈʔupat/ |
| Cinque | ċhundó /tsʰunˈdo/ | panta /ˈpanta/ | — | ᜎᜒᜋ /liˈma/ | lima /lima/ | rima /riˈma/ | lima /lima/ |
| Cento | tha /tʰa/ | — | — | ᜇᜀᜈ᜔ /daˈʔan/ | sandaan /sanˈdaʔan/ | Rasibu /ʁasibu/ | gatos /ɡaˈtos/ |
| Ciao | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | ᜋᜊᜓᜑᜌ᜔ /mabuhaj/ | kamusta /kamusta/ | — /—/ | kumusta /kumusta/ |
| Grazie | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | ᜐᜎᜋᜆ᜔ /salamat/ | salamat /salamat/ | — /—/ | salamat /salamat/ |
| Buono | śua /ɕuˈa/ | 𔖢 /ˈwaːsu/ | acs /atss/ | ᜋᜊᜓᜆᜒ /mabuti/ | mabuti /mabuti/ | nngi /nŋi/ | maayo /maʔajo/ |
| Nuovo | thoṣ /tʰoʂ/ | nāwa- /ˈnaːwa/ | — | ᜊᜄᜓ /baɡo/ | bago /ˈbaɡo/ | tasu /tasu/ | bag-o /ˈbaɡʔo/ |
| Rosso | báardum /ˈbaːrdum/ | — /—/ | kwhaːc /kʷʰaːts/ | ᜉᜓᜎ /puˈlaʔ/ | pula /puˈlaʔ/ | tebari /təbaʀi/ | pula /puˈla/ |
| Bianco | burúm /buˈrum/ | — | — | ᜉᜓᜆᜒ /puˈtiʔ/ | puti /puˈtiʔ/ | busar /busaʀ/ | puti /puˈti/ |
| Nero | matúm /maˈtum/ | — | — | ᜁᜆᜒᜋ᜔ /iˈtim/ | itim /ʔiˈtim/ | tengen /təŋən/ | itom /iˈtom/ |
| Verde | ṣiqám /ʂiˈqam/ | — | — | — | berde /ˈbɛɾde/ | puli /puli/ | berde /ˈbɛrde/ |
| Blu | ṣiqám /ʂiˈqam/ | — | — | — | asul /ʔaˈsul/ | puli /puli/ | asul /ʔaˈsul/ |
| Cuculo | kápo /ˈkapo/ | — | — | — | kakok /kaˈkok/ | — | kukok /ˈkukok/ |
| Tè | ćái /ˈtɕai/ | — | — | — | tsaa /tsaˈʔa/ | — | tsa /tʃa/ |
| Caffè | kofi /kofi/ | — | — | — | kape /kaˈpe/ | — | kape /kaˈpe/ |
| Zucchero | shakar /ʂakar/ | — | — | — | asukal /ʔaˈsukal/ | waneng /waˈnəŋ/ | asukar /ʔaˈsukar/ |
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