Schwäbisch
Svevo
indoeuropeo
Lo svevo (autonimo Schwäbisch) è una varietà alemannica dell'alto tedesco, parlata da circa 800.000 persone nel sud-ovest della Germania — principalmente nel Baden-Württemberg attorno a Stoccarda, nella Foresta Nera e nel Giura svevo, con popolazioni minori nella Svevia bavarese attorno ad Augusta. Lo svevo è celebre come dialetto della regione di Stoccarda — sede di Mercedes-Benz, Porsche, Bosch e dell'origine storica Daimler/Benz dell'industria automobilistica tedesca. Dal punto di vista linguistico, lo svevo fa parte della famiglia alemannica insieme al tedesco svizzero (gsw) e all'alsaziano, con tratti distintivi come il mutamento svevo /a/ → /ɔ/, il suffisso diminutivo -le che sostituisce il -lein del tedesco standard, ed espressioni caratteristiche come «Grüß Gott» e «Danggschee». Nonostante i numeri vivaci, l'UNESCO classifica lo svevo come vulnerabile a causa dell'incessante pressione del tedesco standard nell'istruzione, nei media e nelle aree urbane.
Dove si parla
87 parole essenziali in svevo
Fonti
Parole a confronto
Confronto con lingue della stessa classificazione: indoeuropeo
| Significato | Svevo | Francone orientale | Tedesco austriaco | Bavarese | Tedesco di Pennsylvania | Tedesco standard svizzero | Tedesco |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acqua | Wasser /vasə/ | Wasser /vasːə/ | Wasser /vasɐ/ | Wåssa /vɔsɐ/ | Wasser /vasər/ | Wasser /ˈvasər/ | Wasser /vasɐ/ |
| Fuoco | Feuer /foiɐ/ | Feier /faɪɐ/ | Feuer /fɔɪɐ/ | Feia /fɔɪɐ/ | Feier /faɪər/ | Feuer /ˈfɔɪ̯ər/ | Feuer /fɔɪ̯ɐ/ |
| Sole | Sonne /sonə/ | Sunn /sʊn/ | Sonne /sɔnə/ | Sun /sʊn/ | Sunn /sʊn/ | Sonne /ˈsɔnə/ | Sonne /zɔnə/ |
| Luna | Mond /moːnd/ | Maa /maː/ | Mond /moːnt/ | Moo /moː/ | Muun /muːn/ | Mond /moːnt/ | Mond /moːnt/ |
| Stella | Schtern /ʃtɛrn/ | Stern /ʃtɛrn/ | Stern /ʃtɛrn/ | Stern /ʃtɛɐn/ | Schtann /ʃtan/ | Stern /ʃtɛrn/ | Stern /ʃtɛʁn/ |
| Notte | Nacht /naxt/ | Nacht /naxt/ | Nacht /naxt/ | Nocht /noxt/ | Nacht /naxt/ | Nacht /naxt/ | Nacht /naxt/ |
| Pioggia | Rega /ˈreːɡə/ | — | Regen /ˈreːɡn̩/ | Regn /ˈreːɡn̩/ | Regge /ˈrɛɡə/ | Regen /ˈreːɡən/ | Regen /ˈʁeːɡn̩/ |
| Neve | Schnee /ʃneː/ | Schnee /ʃneː/ | Schnee /ʃneː/ | Schnee /ʃneː/ | Schnee /ʃneː/ | Schnee /ʃneː/ | Schnee /ʃneː/ |
| Vento | Wind /vɪnd/ | Wind /vɪnd/ | Wind /vɪnt/ | Wind /vind/ | Wind /vɪnt/ | Wind /vɪnt/ | Wind /vɪnt/ |
| Terra | Erd /eːɐ̯d/ | Erd /ɛɐd/ | Erde /eːɐdə/ | Erdn /ˈɛrdn̩/ | Erd /ɛrt/ | Erde /ˈeːrdə/ | Erde /eːɐdə/ |
| Pietra | Stoi /ʃtoi/ | — | Stein /ʃtaɪn/ | Stoa /ʃtoɐ/ | Schtee /ʃteː/ | Stein /ʃtaɪn/ | Stein /ʃtaɪn/ |
| Montagna | Berg /bɛrɡ/ | — | Berg /bɛɐk/ | Beag /bɛɐɡ/ | Barig /ˈbarɪç/ | Berg /bɛrk/ | Berg /bɛʁk/ |
| Mare | Meer /meːr/ | — | Meer /meːɐ̯/ | Meea /meːɐ/ | See /seː/ | Meer /meːr/ | Meer /meːɐ̯/ |
| Madre | Mädder /mɛdɐ/ | Mudder /mʊdɐ/ | Mutter /mʊtɐ/ | Muada /muɐdɐ/ | Mudder /mʊdər/ | Mutter /ˈmʊtər/ | Mutter /mʊtɐ/ |
| Padre | Vadder /fadɐ/ | Vadder /fadɐ/ | Vater /ˈfaːtɐ/ | Voda /ˈfɔːdɐ/ | Daadi /daːdi/ | Vater /ˈfaːtər/ | Vater /faːtɐ/ |
| Figlia | Dochder /ˈdɔxdɐ/ | Dochder /dɔxdɐ/ | Tochter /ˈtɔxtɐ/ | Dochta /ˈdɔxtɐ/ | Dochder /dɔxdər/ | Tochter /ˈtɔxtər/ | Tochter /ˈtɔxtɐ/ |
| Io | i /i/ | i /i/ | ich /ɪç/ | i /i/ | ich /ɪç/ | ich /ɪç/ | ich /ɪç/ |
| Tu | du /du/ | du /du/ | du /duː/ | du /du/ | du /du/ | du /duː/ | du /duː/ |
| Noi | mir /miɐ/ | mir /miɐ/ | wir /viːɐ/ | mia /miɐ/ | mir /miːɐ̯/ | wir /viːr/ | wir /viːɐ̯/ |
| Nome | Nama /ˈnamə/ | Nama /ˈnamɐ/ | Name /ˈnaːmə/ | Nam /nãː/ | Naame /ˈnɔːmə/ | Name /ˈnaːmə/ | Name /ˈnaːmə/ |
| Persona | Mensch /mɛnʃ/ | — | Mensch /mɛnʃ/ | Mensch /mɛnʃ/ | Mensch /mɛnʃ/ | Mensch /mɛnʃ/ | Mensch /mɛnʃ/ |
| Testa | Kopf /kɔpf/ | — | Kopf /kɔpf/ | Kobf /kʰoːbf/ | Kopp /kɔp/ | Kopf /kɔpf/ | Kopf /kɔpf/ |
| Occhio | Aug /aʊɡ/ | Aach /aːx/ | Auge /ˈaʊ̯ɡə/ | Aug /aʊɡ/ | Aag /ɔːk/ | Auge /ˈaʊɡə/ | Auge /aʊ̯ɡə/ |
| Orecchio | Ohr /oːr/ | Ohr /oːɐ/ | Ohr /oːɐ̯/ | Ohr /oːɐ/ | Ohr /oːr/ | Ohr /oːr/ | Ohr /oːɐ̯/ |
| Naso | Nas /nas/ | — | Nase /ˈnaːsə/ | Nosn /ˈnosn̩/ | Naas /nɔːs/ | Nase /ˈnaːsə/ | Nase /ˈnaːzə/ |
| Bocca | Gosch /ɡɔʃ/ | — | Mund /mʊnt/ | Mai /maɪ/ | Maul /maʊl/ | Mund /mʊnt/ | Mund /mʊnt/ |
| Dente | Zah /tsaː/ | Zah /tsaː/ | Zahn /tsaːn/ | Zand /tsɔnt/ | Zaah /tsɔː/ | Zahn /tsaːn/ | Zahn /tsaːn/ |
| Lingua | Zong /tsoŋ/ | Zung /tsuŋ/ | Zunge /ˈtsʊŋə/ | Zunga /tsuŋɐ/ | Zung /tsuŋ/ | Zunge /ˈtsʊŋə/ | Zunge /ˈtsʊŋə/ |
| Mano | Hand /hand/ | Hand /hand/ | Hand /hɑnt/ | Hand /hɔnd/ | Hand /hant/ | Hand /hant/ | Hand /hant/ |
| Piede | Fuaß /fuas/ | Fuß /fuːs/ | Fuß /fuːs/ | Fuaß /fuɐs/ | Fuuss /fuːs/ | Fuss /fuːs/ | Fuß /fuːs/ |
| Cuore | Herz /hɛɐts/ | Herz /hɛrts/ | Herz /hɛɐts/ | Heaz /hɛɐts/ | Hatz /hats/ | Herz /hɛrts/ | Herz /hɛʁts/ |
| Osso | Knoche /ˈknoxə/ | Knocha /ˈknɔxɐ/ | Knochen /ˈknɔxən/ | Boan /boɐn/ | Gnoche /ˈɡnoxə/ | Knochen /ˈknɔxən/ | Knochen /ˈknɔxən/ |
| Sangue | Bluat /bluat/ | Blut /bluːd/ | Blut /bluːt/ | Bluat /bluat/ | Blut /blut/ | Blut /bluːt/ | Blut /bluːt/ |
| Cacca | Schdingr /ˈʃdɪŋɐ/ | — | Kacke /ˈkakə/ | Gacki /ˈɡaɡi/ | — /—/ | Kacke /ˈkakə/ | Kacke /ˈkakə/ |
| Amore | Liab /liə̯b/ | Liebe /liːbə/ | Liebe /liːbə/ | Liab /liɐb/ | liewe /liːvə/ | Liebe /ˈliːbə/ | Liebe /liːbə/ |
| Albero | Baum /baum/ | Bauma /baʊmaː/ | Baum /baʊ̯m/ | Bam /bãm/ | Baam /ˈbɔːm/ | Baum /baʊm/ | Baum /baʊ̯m/ |
| Cane | Hond /hond/ | Hund /hʊnt/ | Hund /hʊnt/ | Hund /hʊnd/ | Hund /hʊnt/ | Hund /hʊnt/ | Hund /hʊnt/ |
| Gatto | Katz /kats/ | Katz /kats/ | Katze /kɑtsə/ | Katz /kʰats/ | Katz /kats/ | Katze /ˈkatsə/ | Katze /katsə/ |
| Pesce | Fisch /fɪʃ/ | Fisch /fɪʃ/ | Fisch /fɪʃ/ | Fisch /fɪʃ/ | Fisch /fɪʃ/ | Fisch /fɪʃ/ | Fisch /fɪʃ/ |
| Uccello | Vogel /foːɡl̩/ | Vogel /ˈfoːɡl̩/ | Vogel /ˈfoːɡl̩/ | Vogl /foːɡl̩/ | Voggel /fɔɡəl/ | Vogel /ˈfoːɡl̩/ | Vogel /ˈfoːɡl̩/ |
| Farfalla | Schmeddrleng /ˈʃmɛdɐlɛŋ/ | Schmetterling /ʃmɛdɐliŋ/ | Schmetterling /ˈʃmɛtɐlɪŋ/ | Waifåita /vaifɔitɐ/ | Fleddermaus /ˈflɛdərmaʊs/ | Schmetterling /ˈʃmɛtərlɪŋ/ | Schmetterling /ˈʃmɛtɐlɪŋ/ |
| Uovo | Oi /ɔɪ/ | — | Ei /aɪ/ | Oa /oɐ/ | Oi /ɔɪ/ | Ei /aɪ/ | Ei /aɪ/ |
| Orso | Bèèar /bɛːɐ/ | — | Bär /bɛːɐ̯/ | Bär /bɛɐ/ | Baer /bɛːr/ | Bär /bɛːr/ | Bär /bɛːɐ̯/ |
| Cavallo | Gaul /ɡaul/ | — | Pferd /pfeːɐ̯t/ | Roß /rɔs/ | Gaul /ɡaʊ̯l/ | Pferd /pfeːrt/ | Pferd /pfeːɐ̯t/ |
| Casa | Hous /haus/ | Haus /haʊs/ | Haus /haʊs/ | Haus /haʊs/ | Haus /haʊs/ | Haus /haʊs/ | Haus /haʊ̯s/ |
| Latte | Millich /ˈmɪlɪç/ | — | Milch /mɪlç/ | Muich /muɪx/ | Millich /ˈmɪlɪç/ | Milch /mɪlç/ | Milch /mɪlç/ |
| Miele | Honig /ˈhoːnɪɡ/ | — | Honig /ˈhoːnɪk/ | Heng /hɛŋ/ | Hunnich /ˈhʊnɪç/ | Honig /ˈhoːnɪk/ | Honig /ˈhoːnɪç/ |
| Sale | Salz /salts/ | — | Salz /salts/ | Soiz /sɔɪts/ | Salz /salts/ | Salz /salts/ | Salz /zalts/ |
| Vino | Woi /voɪ̯/ | — | Wein /vaɪ̯n/ | Wei /vaɪ/ | Wei /vaɪ/ | Wein /vaɪ̯n/ | Wein /vaɪ̯n/ |
| Cioccolato | Schoklad /ʃoˈklaːd/ | — | Schokolade /ʃokoˈlaːdə/ | Schoklad /ʃoɡˈlɑːd/ | — | Schokolade /ʃokoˈlaːdə/ | Schokolade /ʃokoˈlaːdə/ |
| Ferro | Eisa /ˈaɪsa/ | Eisn /ˈaɪsn̩/ | Eisen /ˈaɪsn̩/ | Eisn /ˈaisn̩/ | Eise /ˈaɪsə/ | Eisen /ˈaɪsən/ | Eisen /ˈaɪ̯zn̩/ |
| Ruota | Rad /rad/ | — | Rad /raːt/ | Rod /rod/ | Raad /rɔːt/ | Rad /raːt/ | Rad /ʁaːt/ |
| Libro | Buach /buax/ | — | Buch /buːx/ | Buach /buɐx/ | Buch /bux/ | Buch /buːx/ | Buch /buːx/ |
| Mangiare | essa /ɛsə/ | esse /ɛsə/ | essen /ɛsn̩/ | essn /ɛsn̩/ | esse /ɛsə/ | essen /ˈɛsn̩/ | essen /ɛsn̩/ |
| Bere | drengga /drɛŋɡə/ | trinke /trɪŋkə/ | trinken /ˈtrɪŋkn̩/ | dringa /drɪŋɡɐ/ | drinke /drɪŋkə/ | trinken /ˈtrɪŋkn̩/ | trinken /tʁɪŋkn̩/ |
| Dormire | schlofa /ˈʃlofa/ | schlafe /ʃlaːfə/ | schlafen /ˈʃlaːfn̩/ | schlofa /ˈʃlofɐ/ | schlofe /ˈʃlɔfə/ | schlafen /ˈʃlaːfn̩/ | schlafen /ˈʃlaːfn̩/ |
| Uno | oine /ɔinə/ | ans /ans/ | eins /aɪ̯ns/ | oans /oɐns/ | eens /eːns/ | eins /aɪ̯ns/ | eins /aɪ̯ns/ |
| Due | zwoi /tsvoɪ̯/ | zwaa /tsvaː/ | zwei /tsvai/ | zwoa /tsvoɐ/ | zwee /tsveː/ | zwei /tsvaɪ̯/ | zwei /tsvaɪ/ |
| Tre | drei /draɪ/ | drei /draɪ/ | drei /draɪ̯/ | drei /draɪ/ | drei /draɪ/ | drei /draɪ̯/ | drei /dʁaɪ̯/ |
| Quattro | viar /fiɐ̯/ | vier /fiɐ/ | vier /fiːɐ̯/ | fia /fiɐ/ | vier /fiːɐ̯/ | vier /fiːr/ | vier /fiːɐ̯/ |
| Cinque | femf /fɛmf/ | fünf /fʏnf/ | fünf /fʏnf/ | fümf /fʏmf/ | fimf /fɪmf/ | fünf /fʏnf/ | fünf /fʏnf/ |
| Cento | hondrd /ˈhondɐd/ | — | hundert /ˈhʊndɐt/ | hundad /ˈhʊndɐd/ | hunnert /ˈhʊnərt/ | hundert /ˈhʊndərt/ | hundert /ˈhʊndɐt/ |
| Ciao | Grüß Gott /ɡryːs ɡɔt/ | Grüß Gott /ɡrʏs ɡɔt/ | Servus /zɛɐvʊs/ | Servus /sɛɐvʊs/ | Hallo /haloː/ | Hallo /haˈloː/ | Hallo /haloː/ |
| Grazie | Danggschee /daŋkʃeː/ | Vergelt's Gott /fɛɐɡɛlts ɡɔt/ | danke /daŋkə/ | Vagelts Gott /fɐɡɛlts ɡɔt/ | Denki /dɛŋki/ | danke /ˈdaŋkə/ | danke /daŋkə/ |
| Buono | guad /ɡuə̯d/ | guad /ɡuə̯d/ | gut /ɡuːt/ | guad /ɡuɐd/ | gut /ɡuːt/ | gut /ɡuːt/ | gut /ɡuːt/ |
| Nuovo | nei /naɪ/ | — | neu /nɔɪ̯/ | nei /naɪ/ | nei /naɪ/ | neu /nɔɪ̯/ | neu /nɔɪ̯/ |
| Rosso | rot /rod/ | rood /roːd/ | rot /roːt/ | rot /rod/ | rot /rot/ | rot /roːt/ | rot /ʁoːt/ |
| Bianco | weiß /vaɪs/ | weiß /vaɪs/ | weiß /vaɪs/ | weiß /vais/ | weiss /vaɪs/ | weiss /vaɪs/ | weiß /vaɪs/ |
| Nero | schwarz /ʃvarts/ | — | schwarz /ʃvarts/ | schwoarz /ʃvoɐts/ | schwatz /ʃvats/ | schwarz /ʃvarts/ | schwarz /ʃvaʁts/ |
| Verde | grea /ɡreə̯/ | — | grün /ɡryːn/ | grea /ɡreɐ/ | grie /ɡriː/ | grün /ɡryːn/ | grün /ɡʁyːn/ |
| Cuculo | Guckguck /ˈɡʊkɡʊk/ | Gutzgauch /ˈɡʊtsɡaʊx/ | Kuckuck /ˈkʊkʊk/ | Kuckuck /ˈkʊkʊk/ | — | Kuckuck /ˈkʊkʊk/ | Kuckuck /ˈkʊkʊk/ |
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