Volapük
Plansprache (Hilfssprache, schematisch)
Volapük ist eine konstruierte internationale Plansprache, die 1879-1880 vom deutschen katholischen Priester Johann Martin Schleyer geschaffen wurde. Es war die erste Plansprache, die eine bedeutende internationale Anhängerschaft gewann — auf ihrem Höhepunkt 1889 gab es über 200 Volapük-Vereine und etwa 25 Zeitschriften —, doch rasche interne Streitigkeiten über Reformen sowie die Einführung des Esperanto (1887), das sich als leichter und politisch inklusiver erwies, führten bis in die 1890er Jahre zu ihrem Beinahe-Zusammenbruch. Volapük weist eine stark schematische agglutinierende Morphologie, vier Fälle und einen umlautreichen Wortschatz auf, der von englischen Wurzeln abgeleitet ist, die durch Schleyers Gestaltungsregeln verzerrt wurden. Die Reform des Volapük Vifik („schnelles Volapük“) von Arie de Jong im Jahr 1931 schuf den modernen Standard, mit heute etwa 20 bis 30 aktiven Sprechern.
Wo die Sprache gesprochen wird
Volapük: 87 Kernwörter
Quellen
- Schleyer (1880) Volapük: Die Weltsprache
- Sprague (1888) Hand-Book of Volapük
- Glottolog: vola1234
Wörter im Vergleich
Verglichen mit verwandten Sprachen: Plansprache (Hilfssprache, schematisch)
| Bedeutung | Volapük | Pijin | Belize-Kreol | Torres-Strait-Kreolisch | Bislama | Krio | Tok Pisin |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wasser | vat /vat/ | wata /wata/ | waata /waːta/ | woda /woda/ | wota /wota/ | wata /ˈwata/ | wara /waɾa/ |
| Feuer | fil /fil/ | faea /faja/ | faiya /faija/ | paya /paja/ | faea /faea/ | faya /ˈfaja/ | paia /paja/ |
| Sonne | sol /sol/ | san /san/ | son /son/ | san /san/ | san /san/ | san /san/ | san /san/ |
| Mond | mun /mun/ | mun /mun/ | moon /muːn/ | mun /mun/ | mun /mun/ | mun /mun/ | mun /mun/ |
| Stern | stel /stel/ | sta /sta/ | staar /staːr/ | sta /sta/ | sta /sta/ | sta /sta/ | sta /sta/ |
| Nacht | neit /neˈit/ | naet /naet/ | nait /nait/ | nait /nait/ | naet /naet/ | nɛt /nɛt/ | nait /nait/ |
| Regen | rein /reˈin/ | ren /ren/ | rayn /reːn/ | ren /ren/ | ren /rɛn/ | ren /rɛn/ | ren /ren/ |
| Schnee | nif /nif/ | snou /snou/ | snoa /snoː/ | — | sno /sno/ | sno /sno/ | ais /ais/ |
| Wind | vien /viˈen/ | win /win/ | breez /briːz/ | win /win/ | win /win/ | briz /briz/ | win /win/ |
| Erde | tal /tal/ | graon /ɡraon/ | grong /ɡroŋ/ | graun /ɡraun/ | graon /ɡraon/ | gron /ɡrɔn/ | graun /ɡraun/ |
| Stein | ston /ston/ | ston /ston/ | stoan /stoːn/ | ston /ston/ | ston /ston/ | ston /stɔn/ | ston /ston/ |
| Berg | bel /bel/ | maonden /maonden/ | mongtin /moŋtin/ | maunten /maunten/ | maunten /maunten/ | mawnten /ˈmawnten/ | maunten /maunten/ |
| Meer | mel /mel/ | solwata /solwata/ | see /siː/ | solwata /solwata/ | solwora /solwora/ | si /si/ | solwara /solwaɾa/ |
| Mutter | mot /mot/ | mami /mami/ | mada /mada/ | ama /ama/ | mama /mama/ | mama /ˈmama/ | mama /mama/ |
| Vater | fat /fat/ | dadi /dadi/ | faada /faːda/ | papa /papa/ | papa /papa/ | papa /ˈpapa/ | papa /papa/ |
| Tochter | daut /daˈut/ | dota /dota/ | daata /daːta/ | gel /ɡel/ | gel /ɡel/ | gyal pikin /ɡjal pikin/ | pikinini meri /pikinini meri/ |
| Ich | ob /ob/ | mi /mi/ | ai /ai/ | ai /ai/ | mi /mi/ | mi /mi/ | mi /mi/ |
| Du | ol /ol/ | iu /iu/ | yu /ju/ | yu /ju/ | yu /ju/ | yu /ju/ | yu /ju/ |
| Wir | obs /obs/ | iumi / mifala /jumi / mifala/ | wi /wi/ | yumpla / mipla /jumpla / mipla/ | yumi / mifala /jumi / mifala/ | wi /wi/ | yumi / mipela /jumi / mipela/ |
| Name | nem /nem/ | nem /nem/ | naym /neːm/ | nem /nem/ | nem /nem/ | nem /nɛm/ | nem /nem/ |
| Mensch | men /men/ | man /man/ | persn /persn̩/ | — | man /man/ | pɔsin /pɔsin/ | man /man/ |
| Kopf | kap /kap/ | hed /hed/ | hed /hed/ | ed /ed/ | hed /hed/ | ed /ed/ | het /het/ |
| Auge | log /loɡ/ | ae /ae/ | aiy /aij/ | ai /aj/ | ae /ae/ | ay /aj/ | ai /aj/ |
| Ohr | lil /lil/ | ia /ia/ | ayz /eːz/ | talinga /taliŋa/ | ia /ia/ | yes /jes/ | yau /jau/ |
| Nase | nud /nud/ | nos /nos/ | noaz /noːz/ | nus /nus/ | nus /nus/ | nos /nɔs/ | nus /nus/ |
| Mund | mud /mud/ | maot /maot/ | mowt /mout/ | maut /maut/ | maot /maot/ | mɔt /mɔt/ | maus /maus/ |
| Zahn | ted /ted/ | titi /titi/ | teet /tiːt/ | tit /tit/ | tut /tut/ | tit /tit/ | tit /tit/ |
| Zunge | tug /tuɡ/ | tang /taŋ/ | tong /toŋ/ | tang /taŋ/ | tang /taŋ/ | tɔŋ /tɔŋ/ | tang /taŋ/ |
| Hand | nam /nam/ | han /han/ | han /han/ | an /an/ | han /han/ | an /an/ | han /han/ |
| Fuß | fut /fut/ | leg /leɡ/ | fut /fut/ | put /put/ | leg /leɡ/ | fut /fut/ | lek /lek/ |
| Herz | lad /lad/ | hat /hat/ | haat /haːt/ | at /at/ | bel /bel/ | at /at/ | bel /bel/ |
| Knochen | bom /bom/ | bon /bon/ | boan /boːn/ | bon /bon/ | bun /bun/ | bon /bɔn/ | bun /bun/ |
| Blut | blud /blud/ | blad /blad/ | blod /blod/ | blad /blad/ | blad /blad/ | blɔd /blɔd/ | blut /blut/ |
| Kacke | jiedot /ʃieˈdot/ | kaka /kaka/ | — | kaka /kaka/ | kaka /kaka/ | kaka /kaˈka/ | pekpek /pɛkpɛk/ |
| Liebe | löf /løf/ | lavem /lavem/ | lov /lov/ | lavem /lavem/ | laekem /laekem/ | lɛk /lɛk/ | laikim /lajkim/ |
| Baum | bim /bim/ | tri /tri/ | chree /tʃriː/ | tri /tri/ | tri /tri/ | tik /tik/ | diwai /diwaj/ |
| Hund | dog /doɡ/ | dogi /doɡi/ | daag /daːɡ/ | dog /doɡ/ | dog /doɡ/ | dɔg /dɔɡ/ | dok /dok/ |
| Katze | kat /kat/ | puskat /puskat/ | kyat /kjat/ | pusiket /pusiket/ | pusi /pusi/ | pus /pus/ | pusi /pusi/ |
| Fisch | fit /fit/ | fis /fis/ | fish /fiʃ/ | pis /pis/ | fis /fis/ | fis /fis/ | pis /pis/ |
| Vogel | böd /bød/ | bed /bed/ | berd /berd/ | pizin /pizin/ | pijin /pidʒin/ | bɔd /bɔd/ | pisin /ˈpisin/ |
| Schmetterling | pab /pab/ | bataflae /bataflae/ | botaflai /botaflai/ | bataplai /bataplai/ | bataflae /bataflae/ | bɔtaflay /bɔtaflaj/ | bataplai /bataplaj/ |
| Ei | nög /nøɡ/ | eg /eɡ/ | eg /eɡ/ | eg /eɡ/ | eg /ɛɡ/ | eg /ɛɡ/ | kiau /kiau/ |
| Bär | ber /ber/ | bea /bea/ | byaa /bjaː/ | bea /bea/ | bea /bea/ | bia /ˈbia/ | bea /bea/ |
| Pferd | jevod /ʃeˈvod/ | hos /hos/ | haas /haːs/ | os /os/ | hos /hos/ | ɔs /ɔs/ | hos /hos/ |
| Haus | dom /dom/ | haos /haos/ | hows /hous/ | haus /haus/ | haos /haos/ | os /os/ | haus /haus/ |
| Milch | milig /miˈliɡ/ | susu /susu/ | milk /milk/ | susu /susu/ | melek /melek/ | milk /milk/ | susu /susu/ |
| Honig | miel /miˈel/ | hani /hani/ | honi /honi/ | ani /ani/ | hani /hani/ | ɔni /ˈɔni/ | hani /hani/ |
| Salz | sal /sal/ | sol /sol/ | saalt /saːlt/ | solt /solt/ | sol /sol/ | sɔl /sɔl/ | sol /sol/ |
| Wein | vin /vin/ | waen /waen/ | wain /wain/ | wain /wain/ | waen /waen/ | wayn /wain/ | wain /wain/ |
| Reis | risat /riˈsat/ | raes /raes/ | rais /rais/ | rais /rais/ | raes /raes/ | rɛs /rɛs/ | rais /rais/ |
| Schokolade | jokolad /ʃokoˈlad/ | chocolate | chaaklit /tʃaːklit/ | — | joklet /dʒoklet/ | chɔklet | soklet /soklet/ |
| Eisen | lel /lel/ | aean /aean/ | aiyan /aijan/ | aian /aian/ | aean /aean/ | ayɛn /ˈajɛn/ | ain /ain/ |
| Rad | luib /luˈib/ | wil /wil/ | weel /wiːl/ | wil /wil/ | wil /wil/ | wil /wil/ | wil /wil/ |
| Seide | sadin /saˈdin/ | silk /silk/ | silk /silk/ | silk /silk/ | silik /silik/ | silk /silk/ | slika /slika/ |
| Buch | buk /buk/ | buk /buk/ | buk /buk/ | buk /buk/ | buk /buk/ | buk /buk/ | buk /buk/ |
| Essen | fidön /fiˈdøn/ | kaikai /kajkaj/ | eet /iːt/ | kaikai /kajkaj/ | kakae /kakae/ | it /it/ | kaikai /kajkaj/ |
| Trinken | drinön /driˈnøn/ | drinkim /driŋkim/ | jrink /dʒriŋk/ | dringk /driŋk/ | dring /driŋ/ | drink /driŋk/ | dring /dɾiŋ/ |
| Schlafen | slipön /sliˈpøn/ | slip /slip/ | sleep /sliːp/ | slip /slip/ | slip /slip/ | slip /slip/ | slip /slip/ |
| Eins | bal /bal/ | wanfala /wanfala/ | wan /wan/ | wan /wan/ | wan /wan/ | wan /wan/ | wanpela /wanpɛla/ |
| Zwei | tel /tel/ | tufala /tufala/ | too /tuː/ | tu /tu/ | tu /tu/ | tu /tu/ | tu /tu/ |
| Drei | kil /kil/ | trifala /trifala/ | chree /tʃriː/ | tri /tri/ | tri /tri/ | tri /tri/ | tripela /tripɛla/ |
| Vier | fol /fol/ | fofala /fofala/ | foa /foː/ | fo /fo/ | fo /fo/ | fo /fo/ | fopela /fopɛla/ |
| Fünf | lul /lul/ | faefala /faefala/ | faiv /faiv/ | faiv /faiv/ | faev /faev/ | fayv /faiv/ | faiv /faiv/ |
| Hundert | tum /tum/ | handred /handred/ | honjrid /hondʒrid/ | andred /andred/ | handred /handred/ | ɔndrɛd /ˈɔndrɛd/ | handet /handet/ |
| Hallo | glidis /ɡliˈdis/ | halo /halo/ | heloa /heloː/ | wis wei /wis wej/ | halo /halo/ | kushɛ /kuˈʃɛ/ | halo /halo/ |
| Danke | danö /daˈnø/ | tagio /taɡio/ | tanks /taŋks/ | eso /eso/ | tangkyu /taŋkju/ | tɛnki /ˈtɛŋki/ | tenkyu /tɛŋkju/ |
| Gut | gudik /ɡuˈdik/ | gud /ɡud/ | gud /ɡud/ | gud /ɡud/ | gud /ɡud/ | gud /ɡud/ | gutpela /ɡutpɛla/ |
| Neu | nulik /nuˈlik/ | niu /niu/ | nyoo /njuː/ | niu /niu/ | niufala /niufala/ | nyu /nju/ | nupela /nupɛla/ |
| Rot | redik /reˈdik/ | red /red/ | red /red/ | red /red/ | red /red/ | rɛd /rɛd/ | retpela /retpela/ |
| Weiß | vietik /vieˈtik/ | waet /waet/ | wait /wait/ | wait /wait/ | waet /waet/ | wayt /wajt/ | waitpela /waitpela/ |
| Schwarz | blägik /blɛˈɡik/ | blak /blak/ | blak /blak/ | blak /blak/ | blak /blak/ | blak /blak/ | blakpela /blakpela/ |
| Grün | grünik /ɡryˈnik/ | grin /ɡrin/ | green /ɡriːn/ | grin /ɡrin/ | grin /ɡrin/ | grin /ɡrin/ | grinpela /ɡrinpela/ |
| Blau | blövik /bløˈvik/ | blu /blu/ | bloo /bluː/ | blu /blu/ | blu /blu/ | blu /blu/ | blupela /blupela/ |
| Computer | nünöm /nyˈnøm/ | kompiuta /kompiuta/ | kompyoota /kompjuːta/ | — | kompiuta /kompiuta/ | kɔmpyuta /kɔmpjuta/ | komputa /komˈputa/ |
| Tee | tied /tiˈed/ | ti /ti/ | tee /tiː/ | — | ti /ti/ | ti /ti/ | ti /ti/ |
| Kaffee | kaf /kaf/ | kofi /kofi/ | kaafi /kaːfi/ | — | kofi /kofi/ | kɔfi /ˈkɔfi/ | kopi /kopi/ |
| Zucker | jueg /ʃuˈeɡ/ | suga /suɡa/ | shuga /ʃuɡa/ | — | suga /suɡa/ | shuga /ˈʃuɡa/ | suga /suɡa/ |
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