Hata Simalungun
Batak simalungun
Austronesiana
Il batak simalungun (autonimo Hata Simalungun) è una lingua batak della famiglia austronesiana, parlata da circa 1,2 milioni di persone nella reggenza di Simalungun, nel nord di Sumatra (Indonesia), principalmente attorno alla città di Pematangsiantar. I batak simalungun sono uno dei sei principali sottogruppi batak (insieme a toba, karo, pakpak, mandailing e angkola), con tradizioni culturali proprie, tra cui la tradizione della corte reale simalungun e il festival culturale simalungun horja. Dal punto di vista linguistico, il simalungun fa parte del gruppo batak all'interno dell'austronesiano sumatrano, con tratti fonologici condivisi (armonia vocalica, nessi consonantici) ma con un lessico distinto da quello del più noto toba batak (bbc). La comunità simalungun ha conservato la propria lingua nonostante la notevole pressione assimilatrice indonesiana nell'area metropolitana urbana di Pematangsiantar.
Dove si parla
87 parole essenziali in batak simalungun
coklat
Fonti
Parole a confronto
Confronto con lingue della stessa classificazione: Austronesiana
| Significato | Batak simalungun | Batak toba | Batak angkola | Banjar | Malese antico | Gayo | Musi |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acqua | bah /bah/ | aek /aek/ | aek /aek/ | banyu /baɲu/ | air /air/ | weih /weih/ | ayek /ajek/ |
| Fuoco | apuy /apuj/ | api /api/ | api /api/ | api /api/ | api /api/ | rara /ɾaɾa/ | api /api/ |
| Sole | mata ni ari /mata ni ari/ | mata ni ari /mata ni ari/ | mata ni ari /mata ni ari/ | matahari /matahari/ | matari /matari/ | matanlo /matanlo/ | matahari /matahari/ |
| Luna | bulan /bulan/ | bulan /bulan/ | bulan /bulan/ | bulan /bulan/ | bulan /bulan/ | ulen /ulən/ | bulan /bulan/ |
| Stella | bintang /bintaŋ/ | bintang /bintaŋ/ | bintang /bintaŋ/ | bintang /bintaŋ/ | bintang /bintaŋ/ | bintang /bintaŋ/ | bintang /bintaŋ/ |
| Notte | borngin /borŋin/ | borngin /borŋin/ | borngin /borŋin/ | malam /malam/ | malam /malam/ | klam /klam/ | malem /maləm/ |
| Pioggia | udan /uˈdan/ | udan /uˈdan/ | udan /uˈdan/ | hujan /ˈhudʒan/ | — | uren /uˈrən/ | ujan /uˈdʒan/ |
| Neve | salju /saldʒu/ | salju /saldʒu/ | salju /saldʒu/ | salju /saldʒu/ | — | — | — |
| Vento | logou /loɡou/ | alogo /aloɡo/ | angin /aŋin/ | angin /aŋin/ | — | kuyu /kuju/ | angin /aŋin/ |
| Terra | tanoh /tanoh/ | tano /tano/ | tano /tano/ | tanah /tanah/ | — | tanoh /tanɔh/ | tanah /tanah/ |
| Pietra | batu /batu/ | batu /batu/ | batu /batu/ | batu /ˈbatu/ | batu /batu/ | batu /batu/ | batu /batu/ |
| Montagna | dolog /doloɡ/ | dolok /dolok/ | dolok /dolok/ | gunung /ɡunuŋ/ | — | bur /bur/ | gunung /ɡunuŋ/ |
| Mare | laut /laut/ | laut /laut/ | laut /laut/ | laut /laut/ | — | lut kolak /lut kɔlak/ | laot /laot/ |
| Madre | inang /inaŋ/ | ina /ina/ | inang /inaŋ/ | uma /uma/ | ibu /ibu/ | ine /ine/ | mak /mak/ |
| Padre | bapa /bapa/ | ama /ama/ | amang /amaŋ/ | abah /abah/ | bapa /bapa/ | ama /ama/ | bapak /bapak/ |
| Figlia | boru /boru/ | boru /boru/ | boru /boru/ | anak babinian /anak babinian/ | — | — | — |
| Io | ahu /ahu/ | ahu /ahu/ | au /au/ | aku /aku/ | aku /aku/ | aku /aku/ | aku /aku/ |
| Tu | ho /ho/ | ho /ho/ | ho /ho/ | ikam /ikam/ | kamu /kamu/ | ko /ko/ | kau /kau/ |
| Noi | hita / hanami /hita / hanami/ | hita / hami /hita / hami/ | hita / hami /hita / hami/ | kita / kami /kita / kami/ | kita / kami /kita / kami/ | kitə / kami /kitə / kami/ | kito / kami /kito / kami/ |
| Nome | goran /ɡoran/ | goar /ɡoar/ | goar /ɡoar/ | ngaran /ŋaran/ | ngaran /ŋaran/ | gerel /ɡərəl/ | namo /namo/ |
| Persona | halak /halak/ | halak /halak/ | halak /halak/ | urang /uraŋ/ | — | jema /dʒəma/ | wong /woŋ/ |
| Testa | ulu /ulu/ | ulu /ulu/ | ulu /ulu/ | kapala /kapala/ | — | ulu /ulu/ | palak /palak/ |
| Occhio | mata /mata/ | mata /mata/ | mata /mata/ | mata /mata/ | mata /mata/ | mata /mata/ | mato /mato/ |
| Orecchio | pinggol /piŋɡol/ | pinggol /piŋɡol/ | pinggol /piŋɡol/ | talinga /taˈliŋa/ | — | kemiring /kəmiriŋ/ | telingo /teliŋo/ |
| Naso | igung /iɡuŋ/ | igung /iɡuŋ/ | igung /iɡuŋ/ | hidung /hiduŋ/ | — | iung /iuŋ/ | idung /iduŋ/ |
| Bocca | babah /babah/ | baba /baba/ | baba /baba/ | muntung /muntuŋ/ | — | awah /awah/ | mulut /mulut/ |
| Dente | ipon /ipon/ | ngingi /ŋiŋi/ | ipon /ipon/ | gigi /ɡiɡi/ | gigi /ɡiɡi/ | ipon /ipɔn/ | gigi /ɡiɡi/ |
| Lingua | dilah /dilah/ | dila /dila/ | dila /dila/ | ilat /ilat/ | lidah /lidah/ | délah /deːlah/ | lidah /lidah/ |
| Mano | tangan /taŋan/ | tangan /taŋan/ | tangan /taŋan/ | tangan /taŋan/ | tangan /taŋan/ | pumu /pumu/ | tangan /taŋan/ |
| Cuore | uhur /uhur/ | roha /roha/ | roha /roha/ | ati /ati/ | hati /hati/ | ate /ate/ | hati /hati/ |
| Osso | holi-holi /holiˈholi/ | holi-holi /holiˈholi/ | holi-holi /holiˈholi/ | tulang /tulaŋ/ | tulang /tulaŋ/ | tulən /tulən/ | tulang /tulaŋ/ |
| Sangue | daroh /daroh/ | mudar /mudar/ | mudar /mudar/ | darah /darah/ | darah /darah/ | rayoh /rajɔh/ | darah /darah/ |
| Cacca | tois /tois/ | te /te/ | — | tahi /tahi/ | — | tai /tai/ | taik /taik/ |
| Amore | holong /holoŋ/ | holong /holoŋ/ | holong /holoŋ/ | sayang /sajaŋ/ | sayang /sajaŋ/ | kunyung /kuɲuŋ/ | sayang /sajaŋ/ |
| Albero | hayu /haju/ | hau /hau/ | hayu /haju/ | batang /bataŋ/ | kayu /kaju/ | kayu /kaju/ | kayu /kaju/ |
| Cane | baliang /baliaŋ/ | biang /biaŋ/ | asu /asu/ | hadupan /hadupan/ | anjing /andʒiŋ/ | asu /asu/ | anjing /andʒiŋ/ |
| Gatto | huting /hutiŋ/ | huting /hutiŋ/ | huting /hutiŋ/ | pusa /pusa/ | — /—/ | kucing /kutʃiŋ/ | kucing /kutʃiŋ/ |
| Pesce | ihan /ˈihan/ | dekke /ˈdekːe/ | ihan /ˈihan/ | iwak /ˈiwak/ | ikan /ikan/ | ikən /ˈikən/ | ikan /ˈikan/ |
| Uccello | manuk-manuk /manukˈmanuk/ | pidong /pidoŋ/ | unggas /uŋɡas/ | burung /buruŋ/ | burung /buruŋ/ | manuk /manuk/ | burung /buruŋ/ |
| Farfalla | ampul-ampul /ampulˈampul/ | lampu-lampu /lampuˈlampu/ | — | kupu-kupu /kupukupu/ | — | kalangmemang /kalaŋməmaŋ/ | — |
| Uovo | tinaruh /tinaruh/ | pira /pira/ | pira /pira/ | hintalu /hintalu/ | — | tenaruh /tənaruh/ | telok /telok/ |
| Orso | gipul /ɡipul/ | gompul /ɡompul/ | gompul /ɡompul/ | biruang /biruaŋ/ | — | telkah /təlkah/ | — |
| Cavallo | huda /huda/ | hoda /hoda/ | kudo /kudo/ | kuda /kuda/ | — | — | — |
| Casa | rumah /rumah/ | jabu /dʒabu/ | bagas /baɡas/ | rumah /rumah/ | rumah /rumah/ | umah /umah/ | rumah /rumah/ |
| Latte | dadih /dadih/ | susu /susu/ | susu /susu/ | susu /susu/ | susu /susu/ | — | susu /susu/ |
| Sale | sira /sira/ | sira /sira/ | sira /sira/ | uyah /ujah/ | garam /ɡaram/ | poa /poa/ | garam /ɡaram/ |
| Vino | anggur /aŋɡur/ | anggur /aŋɡur/ | anggur /aŋɡur/ | anggur /aŋɡur/ | — | — | — |
| Riso | boras /boras/ | boras /boras/ | — | baras /baras/ | — | — | beras /bəras/ |
| Cioccolato | coklat | coklat | — | suklat /ˈsuklat/ | — | — | coklat /tʃoklat/ |
| Ferro | bosi /bosi/ | bosi /bosi/ | bosi /bosi/ | wasi /ˈwasi/ | — | — | besi /bəsi/ |
| Ruota | galapang /ɡalapaŋ/ | roda /roda/ | roda /roda/ | roda /roda/ | — | — | — |
| Seta | sitora /sitora/ | surta /surta/ | surto /surto/ | sutra /sutra/ | — | — | — |
| Libro | buku /buku/ | buku /buku/ | buku /buku/ | buku /buku/ | — | — | buku /buku/ |
| Mangiare | mangan /maŋan/ | mangan /maŋan/ | mangan /maŋan/ | makan /makan/ | makan /makan/ | mangan /maŋan/ | makan /makan/ |
| Bere | minum /minum/ | minum /minum/ | minum /minum/ | nginum /ŋinum/ | minum /minum/ | minum /minum/ | minum /minum/ |
| Dormire | modom /modom/ | modom /modom/ | modom /modom/ | guring /ɡuriŋ/ | tidur /tidur/ | nomé /nome/ | tido /tido/ |
| Uno | sada /sada/ | sada /sada/ | sada /sada/ | asa /asa/ | sa /sa/ | sara /saɾa/ | siko /siko/ |
| Due | dua /dua/ | dua /dua/ | dua /dua/ | dua /dua/ | dua /dua/ | roa /roa/ | duo /duo/ |
| Tre | tolu /tolu/ | tolu /tolu/ | tolu /tolu/ | talu /talu/ | tlu /tlu/ | tulu /tuluː/ | tigo /tiɡo/ |
| Quattro | opat /opat/ | opat /opat/ | opat /opat/ | ampat /ampat/ | mpat /əmpat/ | opat /opat/ | empat /əmpat/ |
| Cinque | lima /lima/ | lima /lima/ | lima /lima/ | lima /lima/ | lima /lima/ | lime /lime/ | limo /limo/ |
| Cento | saratus /saratus/ | saratus /saratus/ | saratus /saratus/ | saratus /saratus/ | ratus /ratus/ | seratus /səratus/ | seratus /səratus/ |
| Ciao | horas /horas/ | horas /horas/ | horas /horas/ | salam /salam/ | — /—/ | salam /salam/ | halo /halo/ |
| Grazie | diatebei /diatebei/ | mauliate /mauliate/ | mauliate /mauliate/ | tarima kasih /tarima kasih/ | — /—/ | berejen /bərədʒən/ | terimo kasih /terimo kasih/ |
| Buono | dear /dear/ | denggan /deŋɡan/ | denggan /deŋɡan/ | bagus /baɡus/ | baik /baik/ | jeroh /dʒeɾoh/ | bagus /baɡus/ |
| Nuovo | baru /baru/ | imbaru /imbaru/ | imbaru /imbaru/ | hanyar /haɲar/ | — | ayu /aju/ | anyar /aɲar/ |
| Rosso | gerger /ɡerɡer/ | rara /rara/ | rara /rara/ | habang /habaŋ/ | merah /merah/ | ilang /ilaŋ/ | merah /ˈmerah/ |
| Bianco | lopak /lopak/ | bontar /bontar/ | bontar /bontar/ | putih /putih/ | putih /putih/ | putih /putih/ | putih /putih/ |
| Nero | birong /biroŋ/ | birong /biroŋ/ | lomlom /lomlom/ | hirang /hiraŋ/ | hitam /hitam/ | item /item/ | item /itəm/ |
| Verde | ratah /ratah/ | rata /rata/ | rata /rata/ | hijau /hidʒau/ | — | ijo /idʒo/ | ijo /idʒo/ |
| Computer | komputer /komˈputər/ | komputer /komˈputər/ | komputer /komˈputər/ | komputer /komˈputər/ | — | komputer /komˈputər/ | komputer /komˈputər/ |
| Sushi | sushi /ˈsuʃi/ | sushi /ˈsuʃi/ | sushi /ˈsuʃi/ | sushi /ˈsuʃi/ | pekasam /pəkasam/ | sushi /ˈsuʃi/ | sushi /ˈsuʃi/ |
| Tè | teh /teh/ | teh /teh/ | — | teh /teh/ | — | — | — |
| Caffè | kopi /kopi/ | kopi /kopi/ | — | kupi /kupi/ | — | kupi /kupi/ | — |
| Zucchero | gula /ɡula/ | gula /ɡula/ | — | gula /ɡula/ | — | gule /ɡulə/ | — |
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