Geordie
indoeuropeo (occidentale Germanica, inglese)
Geordie, in senso stretto, indica il dialetto e l'accento inglese di Newcastle upon Tyne e del Tyneside, anche se il nome viene spesso esteso all'inglese del Nord-Est. La regione più ampia non è linguisticamente uniforme: il Tyneside differisce da Wearside, Teesside, Northumberland e Durham, e l'uso varia per età, classe e stile. I tratti tradizionali del Tyneside comprendono vocali FACE e GOAT monottongate, una vocale MOUTH conservativa che nel parlato locale marcato può suonare come [uː] e l'assenza della scissione FOOT–STRUT; i parlanti attuali usano questi tratti in misura variabile. Grammatica e lessico locali includono forme come gan “andare”, bairn “bambino”, canny e divn't “non”, oltre a costruzioni condivise con i dialetti settentrionali vicini. Un ampio corpus di registrazioni dagli anni Sessanta documenta continuità e cambiamento, quindi il Geordie non va considerato un relitto immutato dell'inglese antico.
Dove si parla
87 parole essenziali in geordie
Fonti
- Wells (1982) Accents of English
- International Dialects of English Archive (IDEA)
Parole a confronto
Confronto con lingue della stessa classificazione: indoeuropeo (occidentale Germanica, inglese)
| Significato | Geordie | Inglese mancuniano | Inglese dello Yorkshire | Brummie | Scouse | Inglese del West Country | Inglese gallese |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acqua | water /ˈwɔːtɐ/ | water /ˈwɔːtɐ/ | water /ˈwɔːtə/ | water /ˈwɔːtə/ | water /ˈwɔːt̪sə/ | water /ˈwɔːtɚ/ | water /ˈwɔːtə/ |
| Fuoco | fire /faɪə/ | fire /faɪə/ | fire /faɪə/ | fire /fɔɪə/ | fire /faɪə/ | fire /faɪɚ/ | fire /faɪə/ |
| Sole | sun /sʊn/ | sun /sʊn/ | sun /sʊn/ | sun /sʊn/ | sun /sʊn/ | sun /sʌn/ | sun /sʌn/ |
| Luna | moon /muːn/ | moon /muːn/ | moon /muːn/ | moon /muːn/ | moon /muːn/ | moon /muːn/ | moon /muːn/ |
| Stella | star /staː/ | star /staː/ | star /staː/ | star /staː/ | star /stɑː/ | star /stɑːɹ/ | star /staː/ |
| Notte | night /naɪt/ | night /naɪt/ | night /naɪt/ | night /nɑɪt/ | night /naɪt/ | night /naɪt/ | night /naɪt/ |
| Pioggia | rain /ɹeːn/ | rain /ɹeɪn/ | rain /ɹeɪn/ | rain /ɹʌɪn/ | rain /ɹeɪn/ | rain /ɹeɪn/ | rain /ɾeɪn/ |
| Neve | snow /snəʊ/ | snow /snəʊ/ | snow /snəʊ/ | snow /snəʊ/ | snow /snəʊ/ | snow /snəʊ/ | snow /snoʊ/ |
| Vento | wind /wɪnd/ | wind /wɪnd/ | wind /wɪnd/ | wind /wɪnd/ | wind /wɪnd/ | wind /wɪnd/ | wind /wɪnd/ |
| Terra | earth /ɜːθ/ | earth /ɜːθ/ | earth /ɜːθ/ | earth /ɜːθ/ | earth /ɜːθ/ | earth /ɝθ/ | earth /ɜːθ/ |
| Pietra | stone /stɔːn/ | stone /stɒʊn/ | stone /stoːn/ | stone /stɐʊn/ | stone /stəʊn/ | stone /stəʊn/ | stone /stoːn/ |
| Montagna | mountain /ˈmuːntɪn/ | mountain /ˈmaʊntɪn/ | mountain /ˈmaʊntɪn/ | mountain /ˈmæʊntɪn/ | mountain /ˈmaʊntɪn/ | mountain /ˈmaʊntən/ | mountain /ˈmaʊntɪn/ |
| Mare | sea /siː/ | sea /siː/ | sea /siː/ | sea /siː/ | sea /siː/ | sea /siː/ | sea /siː/ |
| Madre | mother /ˈmʊðɐ/ | mother /ˈmʊðɐ/ | mother /ˈmʊðə/ | mother /ˈmʊðə/ | mother /ˈmʊðə/ | mother /ˈmʌðɚ/ | mother /ˈmʌðə/ |
| Padre | father /ˈfaːðɐ/ | father /ˈfaːðɐ/ | father /ˈfɑːðə/ | father /ˈfaːðə/ | father /ˈfɑːðə/ | father /ˈvɑːðɚ/ | father /ˈfɑːðə/ |
| Figlia | daughter /ˈdɔːtɐ/ | daughter /ˈdɔːtɐ/ | daughter /ˈdɔːtə/ | daughter /ˈdɔːtə/ | daughter /ˈdɔːt̪sə/ | daughter /ˈdɔːtɚ/ | daughter /ˈdɔːtə/ |
| Io | I /aɪ/ | I /aɪ/ | I /aː/ | I /ɔɪ/ | I /aɪ/ | I /aɪ/ | I /aɪ/ |
| Tu | you /juː/ | you /juː/ | you /juː/ | you /jʊ/ | you /juː/ | you /juː/ | you /juː/ |
| Noi | we /wiː/ | we /wiː/ | we /wiː/ | we /wiː/ | we /wiː/ | we /wiː/ | we /wiː/ |
| Nome | name /neːm/ | name /neɪm/ | name /neːm/ | name /nʌɪm/ | name /neɪm/ | name /neɪm/ | name /neːm/ |
| Persona | person /ˈpɜːsən/ | person /ˈpɜːsən/ | person /ˈpɜːsən/ | person /ˈpɜːsən/ | person /ˈpɜːsən/ | person /ˈpɝsən/ | person /ˈpɜːsən/ |
| Testa | head /hɛd/ | head /hɛd/ | head /hɛd/ | head /hɛd/ | head /hɛd/ | head /hɛd/ | head /hɛd/ |
| Occhio | eye /aɪ/ | eye /aɪ/ | eye /aɪ/ | eye /ɔɪ/ | eye /aɪ/ | eye /aɪ/ | eye /aɪ/ |
| Orecchio | ear /ɪə/ | ear /ɪə/ | ear /ɪɹ/ | ear /ɪə/ | ear /ɪːə/ | ear /ɪɚ/ | ear /iːə/ |
| Naso | nose /niəz/ | nose /nəʊz/ | nose /noʊz/ | nose /nəʊz/ | nose /nəʊz/ | nose /nəʊz/ | nose /noʊz/ |
| Bocca | mouth /muːθ/ | mouth /maʊθ/ | mouth /maʊθ/ | mouth /mæʊθ/ | mouth /maʊθ/ | mouth /maʊθ/ | mouth /maʊθ/ |
| Dente | tooth /tʊθ/ | tooth /tʊθ/ | tooth /tʊθ/ | tooth /tʊθ/ | tooth /tʊθ/ | tooth /tuːθ/ | tooth /tuːθ/ |
| Lingua | tongue /tʊŋ/ | tongue /tʊŋ/ | tongue /tʊŋ/ | tongue /tʊŋ/ | tongue /tʊŋ/ | tongue /tʌŋ/ | tongue /tʌŋ/ |
| Mano | hand /hand/ | hand /hand/ | hand /and/ | hand /hand/ | hand /hand/ | hand /hand/ | hand /hand/ |
| Piede | foot /fʊt/ | foot /fʊt/ | foot /fʊt/ | foot /fʊt/ | foot /fʊt̪s/ | foot /fʊt/ | foot /fʊt/ |
| Cuore | heart /haːt/ | heart /haːt/ | heart /hɑːt/ | heart /haːt/ | heart /hɑːt̪s/ | heart /hɑːɹt/ | heart /haːt/ |
| Osso | bone /bɔːn/ | bone /bɒʊn/ | bone /boːn/ | bone /bɐʊn/ | bone /bəʊn/ | bone /bəʊn/ | bone /boːn/ |
| Sangue | blood /blʊd/ | blood /blʊd/ | blood /blʊd/ | blood /blʊd/ | blood /blʊd/ | blood /blʌd/ | blood /blʌd/ |
| Cacca | poo /puː/ | poo /puː/ | poo /puː/ | poo /puː/ | poo /puː/ | poo /puː/ | poo /puː/ |
| Amore | love /lʊv/ | love /lʊv/ | love /lʊv/ | love /lʊv/ | love /lʊv/ | love /lʌv/ | love /lʌv/ |
| Albero | tree /tɹiː/ | tree /tɹiː/ | tree /tɹiː/ | tree /tɹiː/ | tree /tɹiː/ | tree /tɹiː/ | tree /tɹiː/ |
| Cane | dog /dɒɡ/ | dog /dɒɡ/ | dog /dɒɡ/ | dog /dɒɡ/ | dog /dɒɣ/ | dog /dɒɡ/ | dog /dɒɡ/ |
| Gatto | cat /kat/ | cat /kat/ | cat /kat/ | cat /kat/ | cat /kat̪s/ | cat /kat/ | cat /kʰat/ |
| Pesce | fish /fɪʃ/ | fish /fɪʃ/ | fish /fɪʃ/ | fish /fɪʃ/ | fish /fɪʃ/ | fish /fɪʃ/ | fish /fɪʃ/ |
| Uccello | bird /bɜːd/ | bird /bɜːd/ | bird /bɜːd/ | bird /bɜːd/ | bird /bɜːd/ | bird /bɜːd/ | bird /bɜːd/ |
| Farfalla | butterfly /ˈbʊtəflaɪ/ | butterfly /ˈbʊtəflaɪ/ | butterfly /ˈbʊtəflaɪ/ | butterfly /ˈbʊtəflɑɪ/ | butterfly /ˈbʊt̪səflaɪ/ | butterfly /ˈbʌtɚflaɪ/ | butterfly /ˈbʌtəflaɪ/ |
| Uovo | egg /ɛɡ/ | egg /ɛɡ/ | egg /ɛɡ/ | egg /ɛɡ/ | egg /ɛɡ/ | egg /ɛɡ/ | egg /ɛɡ/ |
| Orso | bear /bɛə/ | bear /bɛə/ | bear /bɛə/ | bear /bɛə/ | bear /bɛə/ | bear /bɛɹ/ | bear /bɛː/ |
| Cavallo | horse /hɔːs/ | horse /hɔːs/ | horse /ɔːs/ | horse /hɔːs/ | horse /hɔːs/ | horse /hɔːɹs/ | horse /hɔːs/ |
| Casa | house /huːs/ | house /haʊs/ | house /aʊs/ | house /hæʊs/ | house /haʊs/ | house /haʊs/ | house /haʊs/ |
| Latte | milk /mɪlk/ | milk /mɪlk/ | milk /mɪlk/ | milk /mɪlk/ | milk /mɪlk/ | milk /mɪlk/ | milk /mɪlk/ |
| Miele | honey /ˈhʊni/ | honey /ˈhʊni/ | honey /ˈhʊni/ | honey /ˈhʊni/ | honey /ˈhʊni/ | honey /ˈhʌni/ | honey /ˈhʌni/ |
| Sale | salt /sɔːlt/ | salt /sɔːlt/ | salt /sɔːlt/ | salt /sɔːlt/ | salt /sɔːlt/ | salt /sɔːlt/ | salt /sɔːlt/ |
| Vino | wine /waɪn/ | wine /waɪn/ | wine /waɪn/ | wine /waɪn/ | wine /waɪn/ | wine /waɪn/ | wine /waɪn/ |
| Riso | rice /ɹaɪs/ | rice /ɹaɪs/ | rice /ɹaɪs/ | rice /ɹɑɪs/ | rice /ɹaɪs/ | rice /ɹaɪs/ | rice /ɹaɪs/ |
| Cioccolato | chocolate /ˈtʃɒklət/ | chocolate /ˈtʃɒklət/ | chocolate /ˈtʃɒklət/ | chocolate /ˈtʃɒklət/ | chocolate /ˈtʃɒklət̪s/ | chocolate /ˈtʃɒklət/ | chocolate /ˈtʃɒklət/ |
| Ferro | iron /ˈaɪən/ | iron /ˈaɪən/ | iron /ˈaɪən/ | iron /ˈɔɪən/ | iron /ˈaɪən/ | iron /ˈaɪɚn/ | iron /ˈaɪən/ |
| Ruota | wheel /wiːl/ | wheel /wiːl/ | wheel /wiːl/ | wheel /wiːl/ | wheel /wiːl/ | wheel /wiːl/ | wheel /wiːl/ |
| Seta | silk /sɪlk/ | silk /sɪlk/ | silk /sɪlk/ | silk /sɪlk/ | silk /sɪlk/ | silk /sɪlk/ | silk /sɪlk/ |
| Libro | book /bʊk/ | book /bʊk/ | book /bʊk/ | book /bʊk/ | — | book /bʊk/ | book /bʊk/ |
| Mangiare | eat /iːt/ | eat /iːt/ | eat /iːt/ | eat /iːt/ | eat /iːt̪s/ | eat /iːt/ | eat /iːt/ |
| Bere | drink /dɹɪŋk/ | drink /dɹɪŋk/ | drink /dɹɪŋk/ | drink /dɹɪŋk/ | drink /dɹɪŋx/ | drink /dɹɪŋk/ | drink /dɹɪŋk/ |
| Dormire | sleep /sliːp/ | sleep /sliːp/ | sleep /sliːp/ | sleep /sliːp/ | sleep /sliːp/ | sleep /sliːp/ | sleep /sliːp/ |
| Uno | one /wʊn/ | one /wʊn/ | one /wɒn/ | one /wʊn/ | one /wʊn/ | one /wʌn/ | one /wʌn/ |
| Due | two /tuː/ | two /tuː/ | two /tuː/ | two /tuː/ | two /tuː/ | two /tuː/ | two /tuː/ |
| Tre | three /θɹiː/ | three /θɹiː/ | three /θɹiː/ | three /θɹiː/ | three /θɹiː/ | three /θɹiː/ | three /θɹiː/ |
| Quattro | four /fɔː/ | four /fɔː/ | four /fɔː/ | four /fɔː/ | four /fɔː/ | four /fɔːɹ/ | four /fɔː/ |
| Cinque | five /faɪv/ | five /faɪv/ | five /faɪv/ | five /faɪv/ | five /faɪv/ | five /faɪv/ | five /faɪv/ |
| Cento | hundred /ˈhʊndɹəd/ | hundred /ˈhʊndɹəd/ | hundred /ˈhʊndɹəd/ | hundred /ˈhʊndɹəd/ | hundred /ˈhʊndɹəd/ | hundred /ˈhʌndɹəd/ | hundred /ˈhʌndɾəd/ |
| Ciao | hello /həˈloː/ | hello /həˈlɔʊ/ | ey up /eɪ ʊp/ | hello /həˈlʌʊ/ | hello /həˈləʊ/ | hello /hɛˈloʊ/ | hello /həˈləʊ/ |
| Grazie | thanks /θaŋks/ | ta /taː/ | ta /tɑː/ | ta /taː/ | ta /ta/ | thanks /θaŋks/ | thanks /θaŋks/ |
| Buono | good /ɡʊd/ | good /ɡʊd/ | good /ɡʊd/ | good /ɡʊd/ | good /ɡʊd/ | good /ɡʊd/ | good /ɡʊd/ |
| Nuovo | new /njuː/ | new /njuː/ | new /njuː/ | new /njuː/ | new /njuː/ | new /njuː/ | new /nɪʊ/ |
| Rosso | red /ɹɛd/ | red /ɹɛd/ | red /rɛd/ | red /ɹɛd/ | red /ɹɛd/ | red /ɹɛd/ | red /ɾɛd/ |
| Bianco | white /waɪt/ | white /waɪt/ | white /waɪt/ | white /waɪt/ | white /waɪt/ | white /waɪt/ | white /waɪt/ |
| Nero | black /blak/ | black /blak/ | black /blak/ | black /blak/ | black /blak/ | black /blak/ | black /blak/ |
| Verde | green /ɡɹiːn/ | green /ɡɹiːn/ | green /ɡɹiːn/ | green /ɡɹiːn/ | green /ɡɹiːn/ | green /ɡɹiːn/ | green /ɡɾiːn/ |
| Blu | blue /bluː/ | blue /bluː/ | blue /bluː/ | blue /bluː/ | blue /bluː/ | blue /bluː/ | blue /blɪʊ/ |
| Cuculo | cuckoo /ˈkʊkuː/ | cuckoo /ˈkʊkuː/ | cuckoo /ˈkʊkuː/ | cuckoo /ˈkʊkuː/ | cuckoo /ˈkʊkuː/ | cuckoo /ˈkʊkuː/ | cuckoo /ˈkʊkuː/ |
| Bau bau | woof /wʊf/ | woof /wʊf/ | woof /wʊf/ | woof /wʊf/ | woof /wʊf/ | woof /wʊf/ | woof /wʊf/ |
| Chicchirichì | cock-a-doodle-doo /ˌkɒkəduːdlˈduː/ | cock-a-doodle-doo /ˌkɒkəduːdlˈduː/ | cock-a-doodle-doo /ˌkɒkəduːdlˈduː/ | cock-a-doodle-doo /ˌkɒkəduːdlˈduː/ | cock-a-doodle-doo /ˌkɒkəduːdlˈduː/ | cock-a-doodle-doo /ˌkɒkəduːdlˈduː/ | cock-a-doodle-doo /ˌkɒkəduːdlˈduː/ |
| Computer | computer /kəmˈpjuːtə/ | computer /kəmˈpjuːtə/ | computer /kəmˈpjuːtə/ | computer /kəmˈpjuːtə/ | computer /kəmˈpjuːtə/ | computer /kəmˈpjuːtɚ/ | computer /kəmˈpɪʊtə/ |
| Wi-Fi | Wi-Fi /ˈwaɪfaɪ/ | Wi-Fi /ˈwaɪfaɪ/ | Wi-Fi /ˈwaɪfaɪ/ | Wi-Fi /ˈwaɪfaɪ/ | Wi-Fi /ˈwaɪfaɪ/ | Wi-Fi /ˈwaɪfaɪ/ | Wi-Fi /ˈwaɪfaɪ/ |
| Sushi | sushi /ˈsuːʃi/ | sushi /ˈsuːʃi/ | sushi /ˈsuːʃɪ/ | sushi /ˈsuːʃi/ | sushi /ˈsuːʃi/ | sushi /ˈsuːʃi/ | sushi /ˈsuːʃi/ |
| Tè | tea /tiː/ | tea /tiː/ | tea /tiː/ | tea /tiː/ | tea /tiː/ | tea /tiː/ | tea /tiː/ |
| Caffè | coffee /ˈkɒfi/ | coffee /ˈkɒfi/ | coffee /ˈkɒfi/ | coffee /ˈkɒfi/ | coffee /ˈkɒfi/ | coffee /ˈkɒfi/ | coffee /ˈkɒfi/ |
| Zucchero | sugar /ˈʃʊɡɐ/ | sugar /ˈʃʊɡɐ/ | sugar /ˈʃʊɡə/ | sugar /ˈʃʊɡə/ | sugar /ˈʃʊɡə/ | sugar /ˈʃʊɡɚ/ | sugar /ˈʃʊɡə/ |
| Arancia | orange /ˈɒɹɪndʒ/ | orange /ˈɒɹɪndʒ/ | orange /ˈɒrɪndʒ/ | orange /ˈɒɹɪndʒ/ | orange /ˈɒɹɪndʒ/ | orange /ˈɒɹɪndʒ/ | orange /ˈɒɾɪndʒ/ |
| 99 | ninety-nine /ˈnaɪnti ˈnaɪn/ | ninety-nine /ˈnaɪnti ˈnaɪn/ | ninety-nine /ˈnaɪnti ˈnaɪn/ | ninety-nine /ˈnaɪnti ˈnaɪn/ | ninety-nine /ˈnaɪnti ˈnaɪn/ | ninety-nine /ˈnaɪnti ˈnaɪn/ | ninety-nine /ˈnaɪnti ˈnaɪn/ |
| Dopamina | dopamine /ˈdəʊpəmiːn/ | dopamine /ˈdəʊpəmiːn/ | dopamine /ˈdəʊpəmiːn/ | dopamine /ˈdəʊpəmiːn/ | dopamine /ˈdəʊpəmiːn/ | dopamine /ˈdoʊpəmiːn/ | dopamine /ˈdəʊpəmiːn/ |
| Chiocciola (@) | at /at/ | at /at/ | at /at/ | at /at/ | at /at/ | at /at/ | at /at/ |
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