Cockney
indoeuropeo (occidentale Germanica, inglese)
Il cockney indica tradizionalmente il parlato della classe operaia associato all’East End di Londra, anche se oggi sia l’etichetta sia i suoi tratti si estendono oltre quell’area e variano secondo parlante, età, origine etnica e stile. Una vecchia definizione popolare collega il Cockney alla nascita entro il raggio delle campane di St Mary-le-Bow, ma è folklore culturale, non un confine linguistico preciso. Tra i tratti comuni dell’accento figurano la caduta di H, l’avanzamento di TH, la glottalizzazione di T, la vocalizzazione di L e realizzazioni vocaliche particolari, nessuno esclusivo del cockney. Il gergo rimato cockney sostituisce la parola voluta con un’espressione che fa rima, per esempio plates of meat per feet, e può poi omettere la parte rimante lasciando plates. Studi recenti descrivono i tratti tradizionali in regresso nel centro di Londra ma persistenti o in trasformazione nella periferia londinese e nell’Essex accanto al Multicultural London English.
Dove si parla
87 parole essenziali in cockney
Fonti
- Wells (1982) Accents of English
- Matthews (1938) Cockney Past and Present
Parole a confronto
Confronto con lingue della stessa classificazione: indoeuropeo (occidentale Germanica, inglese)
| Significato | Cockney | Inglese dell'estuario | Inglese | Inglese australiano | Inglese sudafricano | Geordie | Brummie |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acqua | water /ˈwoːʔə/ | water /ˈwɔːʔə/ | water /ˈwɔːtə/ | water /ˈwoːɾə/ | water /ˈwɔːtə/ | water /ˈwɔːtɐ/ | water /ˈwɔːtə/ |
| Fuoco | fire /fɑːə/ | fire /fɑɪə/ | fire /faɪə/ | fire /fɑːə/ | fire /fɑɪə/ | fire /faɪə/ | fire /fɔɪə/ |
| Sole | sun /sɐn/ | sun /sʌn/ | sun /sʌn/ | sun /sɐn/ | sun /sʌn/ | sun /sʊn/ | sun /sʊn/ |
| Luna | moon /muːn/ | moon /muːn/ | moon /muːn/ | moon /muːn/ | moon /mʉːn/ | moon /muːn/ | moon /muːn/ |
| Stella | star /stɑː/ | star /stɑː/ | star /stɑːɹ/ | star /stɐː/ | star /stɑː/ | star /staː/ | star /staː/ |
| Notte | night /naɪt/ | night /nɑɪt/ | night /naɪt/ | night /nɑet/ | night /nɑɪt/ | night /naɪt/ | night /nɑɪt/ |
| Pioggia | rain /ɹeːn/ | rain /ɹɛɪn/ | rain /ɹeɪn/ | rain /ɹæɪn/ | rain /ɹeːn/ | rain /ɹeːn/ | rain /ɹʌɪn/ |
| Neve | snow /snəʊ/ | snow /snəʊ/ | snow /snoʊ/ | snow /snɐʉ/ | snow /snəʊ/ | snow /snəʊ/ | snow /snəʊ/ |
| Vento | wind /wɪnd/ | wind /wɪnd/ | wind /wɪnd/ | wind /wɪnd/ | wind /wɪnd/ | wind /wɪnd/ | wind /wɪnd/ |
| Terra | earth /ɜːθ/ | earth /ɜːθ/ | earth /ɜːθ/ | earth /ɜːθ/ | earth /ɜːθ/ | earth /ɜːθ/ | earth /ɜːθ/ |
| Pietra | stone /stæʊn/ | stone /stəʊn/ | stone /stoʊn/ | stone /stoːn/ | stone /stəʊn/ | stone /stɔːn/ | stone /stɐʊn/ |
| Montagna | mountain /ˈmæːnʔn̩/ | mountain /ˈmæʊnʔən/ | mountain /ˈmaʊntɪn/ | mountain /ˈmæɔntən/ | mountain /ˈmaʊntɪn/ | mountain /ˈmuːntɪn/ | mountain /ˈmæʊntɪn/ |
| Mare | sea /siː/ | sea /siː/ | sea /siː/ | sea /siː/ | sea /siː/ | sea /siː/ | sea /siː/ |
| Madre | mother /ˈmɐvə/ | mother /ˈmʌðə/ | mother /ˈmʌðə/ | mother /ˈmɐðə/ | mother /ˈmʌðə/ | mother /ˈmʊðɐ/ | mother /ˈmʊðə/ |
| Padre | father /ˈfɑːvə/ | father /ˈfɑːðə/ | father /ˈfɑːðə/ | father /ˈfɐːðə/ | father /ˈfɑːðə/ | father /ˈfaːðɐ/ | father /ˈfaːðə/ |
| Figlia | daughter /ˈdoːʔə/ | daughter /ˈdɔːʔə/ | daughter /ˈdɔːtə/ | daughter /ˈdoːɾə/ | daughter /ˈdɔːtə/ | daughter /ˈdɔːtɐ/ | daughter /ˈdɔːtə/ |
| Io | I /ɑɪ/ | I /ɑɪ/ | I /aɪ/ | I /ɑɪ/ | I /ɑɪ/ | I /aɪ/ | I /ɔɪ/ |
| Tu | you /juː/ | you /juː/ | you /juː/ | you /jʉː/ | you /jʉː/ | you /juː/ | you /jʊ/ |
| Noi | we /wiː/ | we /wiː/ | we /wiː/ | we /wiː/ | we /wiː/ | we /wiː/ | we /wiː/ |
| Nome | name /næɪm/ | name /næɪm/ | name /neɪm/ | name /næɪm/ | name /neːm/ | name /neːm/ | name /nʌɪm/ |
| Persona | person /ˈpɜːsən/ | person /ˈpɜːsən/ | person /ˈpɜːsən/ | person /ˈpɜːsən/ | person /ˈpɜːsən/ | person /ˈpɜːsən/ | person /ˈpɜːsən/ |
| Testa | head /hed/ | head /hed/ | head /hɛd/ | head /hed/ | head /hed/ | head /hɛd/ | head /hɛd/ |
| Occhio | eye /ɑː/ | eye /ɑɪ/ | eye /aɪ/ | eye /ɑːe/ | eye /ɑɪ/ | eye /aɪ/ | eye /ɔɪ/ |
| Orecchio | ear /ɪə/ | ear /ɪə/ | ear /ɪɚ/ | ear /ɪə/ | ear /ɪə/ | ear /ɪə/ | ear /ɪə/ |
| Naso | nose /noʊz/ | nose /nəʊz/ | nose /noʊz/ | nose /nəʉz/ | nose /nəʊz/ | nose /niəz/ | nose /nəʊz/ |
| Bocca | mouth /mæːθ/ | mouth /mæʊθ/ | mouth /maʊθ/ | mouth /mæːʉθ/ | mouth /maʊθ/ | mouth /muːθ/ | mouth /mæʊθ/ |
| Dente | tooth /tuːθ/ | tooth /tuːθ/ | tooth /tuːθ/ | tooth /tʉːθ/ | tooth /tʉːθ/ | tooth /tʊθ/ | tooth /tʊθ/ |
| Lingua | tongue /tʌŋ/ | tongue /tʌŋ/ | tongue /tʌŋ/ | tongue /taŋ/ | tongue /tʌŋ/ | tongue /tʊŋ/ | tongue /tʊŋ/ |
| Mano | hand /ænd/ | hand /hænd/ | hand /hænd/ | hand /hæːnd/ | hand /hænd/ | hand /hand/ | hand /hand/ |
| Piede | foot /fʊʔ/ | foot /fʊʔ/ | foot /fʊt/ | foot /fʊt/ | foot /fʊt/ | foot /fʊt/ | foot /fʊt/ |
| Cuore | heart /ɑːʔ/ | heart /hɑːʔ/ | heart /hɑːt/ | heart /hɐːt/ | heart /hɑːt/ | heart /haːt/ | heart /haːt/ |
| Osso | bone /bæʊn/ | bone /bəʊn/ | bone /boʊn/ | bone /bəʉn/ | bone /bəʊn/ | bone /bɔːn/ | bone /bɐʊn/ |
| Sangue | blood /blʌd/ | blood /blʌd/ | blood /blʌd/ | blood /blad/ | blood /blʌd/ | blood /blʊd/ | blood /blʊd/ |
| Cacca | poo /puː/ | poo /puː/ | poop /puːp/ | poo /pʉː/ | poo /pʉː/ | poo /puː/ | poo /puː/ |
| Amore | love /lɐv/ | love /lʌv/ | love /lʌv/ | love /lɐv/ | love /lʌv/ | love /lʊv/ | love /lʊv/ |
| Albero | tree /tɹiː/ | tree /tɹiː/ | tree /tɹiː/ | tree /tɹiː/ | tree /tɹiː/ | tree /tɹiː/ | tree /tɹiː/ |
| Cane | dog /dɒɡ/ | dog /dɒɡ/ | dog /dɒɡ/ | dog /dɔɡ/ | dog /dɒɡ/ | dog /dɒɡ/ | dog /dɒɡ/ |
| Gatto | cat /kæʔ/ | cat /kæʔ/ | cat /kæt/ | cat /kæːt/ | cat /kæt/ | cat /kat/ | cat /kat/ |
| Pesce | fish /fɪʃ/ | fish /fɪʃ/ | fish /fɪʃ/ | fish /fɪʃ/ | fish /fɪʃ/ | fish /fɪʃ/ | fish /fɪʃ/ |
| Uccello | bird /bɜːd/ | bird /bɜːd/ | bird /bɜːɹd/ | bird /bɜːd/ | bird /bɜːd/ | bird /bɜːd/ | bird /bɜːd/ |
| Farfalla | butterfly /ˈbɐʔəflaɪ/ | butterfly /ˈbʌʔəflɑɪ/ | butterfly /ˈbʌtəflaɪ/ | butterfly /ˈbɐɾəflɑɪ/ | butterfly /ˈbʌtəflɑɪ/ | butterfly /ˈbʊtəflaɪ/ | butterfly /ˈbʊtəflɑɪ/ |
| Uovo | egg /ɛɡ/ | egg /ɛɡ/ | egg /ɛɡ/ | egg /eɡ/ | egg /eɡ/ | egg /ɛɡ/ | egg /ɛɡ/ |
| Orso | bear /bɛə/ | bear /bɛə/ | bear /bɛə/ | bear /bɛə/ | bear /beː/ | bear /bɛə/ | bear /bɛə/ |
| Cavallo | horse /ɔːs/ | horse /hɔːs/ | horse /hɔːs/ | horse /hoːs/ | horse /hɔːs/ | horse /hɔːs/ | horse /hɔːs/ |
| Casa | house /æːʔs/ | house /hæʊs/ | house /haʊs/ | house /hæːʉs/ | house /haʊs/ | house /huːs/ | house /hæʊs/ |
| Latte | milk /mɪwk/ | milk /mɪwk/ | milk /mɪlk/ | milk /mɪlk/ | milk /mɪlk/ | milk /mɪlk/ | milk /mɪlk/ |
| Miele | honey /ˈhʌni/ | honey /ˈhʌni/ | honey /ˈhʌni/ | honey /ˈhani/ | honey /ˈhʌni/ | honey /ˈhʊni/ | honey /ˈhʊni/ |
| Sale | salt /soːlt/ | salt /sɔːlt/ | salt /sɔːlt/ | salt /soːlt/ | salt /sɔːlt/ | salt /sɔːlt/ | salt /sɔːlt/ |
| Vino | wine /waɪn/ | wine /waɪn/ | wine /waɪn/ | wine /wɑɪn/ | wine /wɑɪn/ | wine /waɪn/ | wine /waɪn/ |
| Riso | rice /ɹaɪs/ | rice /ɹɑɪs/ | rice /ɹaɪs/ | rice /ɹɑɪs/ | rice /ɹɑɪs/ | rice /ɹaɪs/ | rice /ɹɑɪs/ |
| Cioccolato | chocolate /ˈtʃɒklɪʔ/ | chocolate /ˈtʃɒkləʔ/ | chocolate /ˈtʃɒklət/ | chocolate /ˈtʃɔklət/ | chocolate /ˈtʃɒklət/ | chocolate /ˈtʃɒklət/ | chocolate /ˈtʃɒklət/ |
| Ferro | iron /ˈɑːən/ | iron /ˈɑɪən/ | iron /ˈaɪən/ | iron /ˈɑːən/ | iron /ˈɑɪən/ | iron /ˈaɪən/ | iron /ˈɔɪən/ |
| Ruota | wheel /wiːl/ | wheel /wiːl/ | wheel /wiːl/ | wheel /wiːl/ | wheel /wiːl/ | wheel /wiːl/ | wheel /wiːl/ |
| Seta | silk /sɪwk/ | silk /sɪwk/ | silk /sɪlk/ | silk /sɪlk/ | silk /sɪlk/ | silk /sɪlk/ | silk /sɪlk/ |
| Libro | book /bʊk/ | book /bʊk/ | book /bʊk/ | book /bʊk/ | book /bʊk/ | book /bʊk/ | book /bʊk/ |
| Mangiare | eat /iːʔ/ | eat /iːʔ/ | eat /iːt/ | eat /iːt/ | eat /iːt/ | eat /iːt/ | eat /iːt/ |
| Bere | drink /dɹɪŋk/ | drink /dɹɪŋk/ | drink /dɹɪŋk/ | drink /dɹɪŋk/ | drink /dɹɪŋk/ | drink /dɹɪŋk/ | drink /dɹɪŋk/ |
| Dormire | sleep /sliːp/ | sleep /sliːp/ | sleep /sliːp/ | sleep /sliːp/ | sleep /sliːp/ | sleep /sliːp/ | sleep /sliːp/ |
| Uno | one /wɐn/ | one /wʌn/ | one /wʌn/ | one /wɐn/ | one /wʌn/ | one /wʊn/ | one /wʊn/ |
| Due | two /tʰuː/ | two /tuː/ | two /tuː/ | two /tʉː/ | two /tʉː/ | two /tuː/ | two /tuː/ |
| Tre | three /fɹiː/ | three /θɹiː/ | three /θɹiː/ | three /θɹiː/ | three /θɹiː/ | three /θɹiː/ | three /θɹiː/ |
| Quattro | four /fɔː/ | four /fɔː/ | four /fɔːɹ/ | four /foː/ | four /fɔː/ | four /fɔː/ | four /fɔː/ |
| Cinque | five /faɪv/ | five /faɪv/ | five /faɪv/ | five /fɑɪv/ | five /fɑɪv/ | five /faɪv/ | five /faɪv/ |
| Cento | hundred /ˈhʌndɹəd/ | hundred /ˈhʌndɹəd/ | hundred /ˈhʌndɹəd/ | hundred /ˈhandɹəd/ | hundred /ˈhʌndɹəd/ | hundred /ˈhʊndɹəd/ | hundred /ˈhʊndɹəd/ |
| Ciao | oi /oɪ/ | hello /həˈlʌʊ/ | hello /həˈləʊ/ | g'day /ɡəˈdæɪ/ | hello /həˈləʊ/ | hello /həˈloː/ | hello /həˈlʌʊ/ |
| Grazie | fanks /fæŋks/ | thanks /θæŋks/ | thank you /θæŋk juː/ | thanks /θæːŋks/ | thanks /θæŋks/ | thanks /θaŋks/ | ta /taː/ |
| Buono | good /ɡʊd/ | good /ɡʊd/ | good /ɡʊd/ | good /ɡʊd/ | good /ɡʊd/ | good /ɡʊd/ | good /ɡʊd/ |
| Nuovo | new /njuː/ | new /njuː/ | new /njuː/ | new /njʉː/ | new /njʉː/ | new /njuː/ | new /njuː/ |
| Rosso | red /ɹed/ | red /ɹed/ | red /ɹɛd/ | red /ɹed/ | red /ɹed/ | red /ɹɛd/ | red /ɹɛd/ |
| Bianco | white /waɪt/ | white /waɪt/ | white /waɪt/ | white /wɑɪt/ | white /wɑɪt/ | white /waɪt/ | white /waɪt/ |
| Nero | black /blæk/ | black /blæk/ | black /blæk/ | black /blæːk/ | black /blæk/ | black /blak/ | black /blak/ |
| Verde | green /ɡɹiːn/ | green /ɡɹiːn/ | green /ɡɹiːn/ | green /ɡɹiːn/ | green /ɡɹiːn/ | green /ɡɹiːn/ | green /ɡɹiːn/ |
| Blu | blue /bluː/ | blue /bluː/ | blue /bluː/ | blue /blʉː/ | blue /blʉː/ | blue /bluː/ | blue /bluː/ |
| Cuculo | cuckoo /ˈkʊkuː/ | cuckoo /ˈkʊkuː/ | cuckoo /ˈkʊkuː/ | cuckoo /ˈkʊkuː/ | cuckoo /ˈkʊkʉː/ | cuckoo /ˈkʊkuː/ | cuckoo /ˈkʊkuː/ |
| Bau bau | woof /wʊf/ | woof /wʊf/ | woof /wʊf/ | woof /wʊf/ | woof /wʊf/ | woof /wʊf/ | woof /wʊf/ |
| Chicchirichì | cock-a-doodle-doo /ˌkɒkəduːdlˈduː/ | cock-a-doodle-doo /ˌkɒkəduːdlˈduː/ | cock-a-doodle-doo /ˌkɒkəduːdlˈduː/ | cock-a-doodle-doo /ˌkɔkəduːdlˈduː/ | cock-a-doodle-doo /ˌkɒkədʉːdlˈdʉː/ | cock-a-doodle-doo /ˌkɒkəduːdlˈduː/ | cock-a-doodle-doo /ˌkɒkəduːdlˈduː/ |
| Computer | computer /kəmˈpjuːʔə/ | computer /kəmˈpjuːtə/ | computer /kəmˈpjuːtə/ | computer /kəmˈpjʉːtə/ | computer /kəmˈpjʉːtə/ | computer /kəmˈpjuːtə/ | computer /kəmˈpjuːtə/ |
| Wi-Fi | Wi-Fi /ˈwaɪfaɪ/ | Wi-Fi /ˈwaɪfaɪ/ | Wi-Fi /ˈwaɪfaɪ/ | Wi-Fi /ˈwɑɪfɑɪ/ | Wi-Fi /ˈwɑɪfɑɪ/ | Wi-Fi /ˈwaɪfaɪ/ | Wi-Fi /ˈwaɪfaɪ/ |
| Sushi | sushi /ˈsʉːʃi/ | sushi /ˈsuːʃi/ | sushi /ˈsuːʃi/ | sushi /ˈsʉːʃiː/ | sushi /ˈsʉʃi/ | sushi /ˈsuːʃi/ | sushi /ˈsuːʃi/ |
| Tè | tea /tiː/ | tea /tiː/ | tea /tiː/ | tea /tiː/ | tea /tiː/ | tea /tiː/ | tea /tiː/ |
| Caffè | coffee /ˈkɒfi/ | coffee /ˈkɒfi/ | coffee /ˈkɒfi/ | coffee /ˈkɔfi/ | coffee /ˈkɒfi/ | coffee /ˈkɒfi/ | coffee /ˈkɒfi/ |
| Zucchero | sugar /ˈʃʊɡə/ | sugar /ˈʃʊɡə/ | sugar /ˈʃʊɡə/ | sugar /ˈʃʊɡə/ | sugar /ˈʃʊɡə/ | sugar /ˈʃʊɡɐ/ | sugar /ˈʃʊɡə/ |
| Arancia | orange /ˈɒɹɪndʒ/ | orange /ˈɒɹɪndʒ/ | orange /ˈɒɹɪndʒ/ | orange /ˈɔɹɪndʒ/ | orange /ˈɒɹɪndʒ/ | orange /ˈɒɹɪndʒ/ | orange /ˈɒɹɪndʒ/ |
| 99 | ninety-nine /ˈnaɪnti ˈnaɪn/ | ninety-nine /ˈnaɪnti ˈnaɪn/ | ninety-nine /ˈnaɪnti ˈnaɪn/ | ninety-nine /ˈnaɪnti ˈnaɪn/ | ninety-nine /ˈnɑɪnti ˈnɑɪn/ | ninety-nine /ˈnaɪnti ˈnaɪn/ | ninety-nine /ˈnaɪnti ˈnaɪn/ |
| Dopamina | dopamine /ˈdəʊpəmiːn/ | dopamine /ˈdəʊpəmiːn/ | dopamine /ˈdoʊpəmiːn/ | dopamine /ˈdəʉpəmiːn/ | dopamine /ˈdəʊpəmiːn/ | dopamine /ˈdəʊpəmiːn/ | dopamine /ˈdəʊpəmiːn/ |
| Chiocciola (@) | at /æt/ | at /æt/ | at /æt/ | at /æt/ | at /æt/ | at /at/ | at /at/ |
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