Welsh English
Inglese gallese
Germanica
L'inglese gallese (detto anche anglo-gallese; codice di progetto en_wls) comprende gli accenti e i dialetti inglesi parlati in Galles, anziché costituire un'unica varietà nazionale uniforme. Riflette secoli di sostituzione linguistica e contatto con il gallese, oltre al contatto con i dialetti inglesi confinanti; l'influsso gallese è generalmente più forte nelle aree bilingui settentrionali e occidentali, mentre Cardiff e le regioni di confine presentano schemi distinti. Tra i tratti presenti in alcuni parlanti figurano una /r/ monovibrante o vibrante, vocali atone relativamente piene, l'allungamento consonantico dopo l'accento e un'intonazione caratteristica, ma roticità e caduta di h variano molto secondo luogo e gruppo sociale. Il lessico e la grammatica regionali comprendono inoltre prestiti e calchi dal gallese, mentre la scrittura formale segue le convenzioni dell'inglese britannico. L'inglese è ampiamente usato nella vita pubblica accanto al gallese, che possiede uno status ufficiale per legge e non può ricevere un trattamento meno favorevole dell'inglese.
Dove si parla
87 parole essenziali in inglese gallese
Fonti
- Penhallurick, Robert 2004, "Welsh English: phonology", in Kortmann & Schneider (eds.), A Handbook of Varieties of English vol. 1, Mouton de Gruyter, 98–112 (via en.wikipedia "Welsh English"); Wells, J. C. 1982, Accents of English vol. 2, CUP, §5.2; en.wiktionary English entries, accent label "Wales/Welsh"
Parole a confronto
Confronto con lingue della stessa classificazione: Germanica
| Significato | Inglese gallese | Inglese | Inglese mancuniano | Inglese del West Country | Geordie | Inglese dello Yorkshire | Inglese ghanese |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acqua | water /ˈwɔːtə/ | water /ˈwɔːtə/ | water /ˈwɔːtɐ/ | water /ˈwɔːtɚ/ | water /ˈwɔːtɐ/ | water /ˈwɔːtə/ | water /ˈwɔːtə/ |
| Fuoco | fire /faɪə/ | fire /faɪə/ | fire /faɪə/ | fire /faɪɚ/ | fire /faɪə/ | fire /faɪə/ | fire /faɪə/ |
| Sole | sun /sʌn/ | sun /sʌn/ | sun /sʊn/ | sun /sʌn/ | sun /sʊn/ | sun /sʊn/ | sun /sʌn/ |
| Luna | moon /muːn/ | moon /muːn/ | moon /muːn/ | moon /muːn/ | moon /muːn/ | moon /muːn/ | moon /muːn/ |
| Stella | star /staː/ | star /stɑːɹ/ | star /staː/ | star /stɑːɹ/ | star /staː/ | star /staː/ | star /staː/ |
| Notte | night /naɪt/ | night /naɪt/ | night /naɪt/ | night /naɪt/ | night /naɪt/ | night /naɪt/ | night /naɪt/ |
| Pioggia | rain /ɾeɪn/ | rain /ɹeɪn/ | rain /ɹeɪn/ | rain /ɹeɪn/ | rain /ɹeːn/ | rain /ɹeɪn/ | rain /ɹeːn/ |
| Neve | snow /snoʊ/ | snow /snoʊ/ | snow /snəʊ/ | snow /snəʊ/ | snow /snəʊ/ | snow /snəʊ/ | snow /snoː/ |
| Vento | wind /wɪnd/ | wind /wɪnd/ | wind /wɪnd/ | wind /wɪnd/ | wind /wɪnd/ | wind /wɪnd/ | wind /wɪnd/ |
| Terra | earth /ɜːθ/ | earth /ɜːθ/ | earth /ɜːθ/ | earth /ɝθ/ | earth /ɜːθ/ | earth /ɜːθ/ | earth /ɜːt/ |
| Pietra | stone /stoːn/ | stone /stoʊn/ | stone /stɒʊn/ | stone /stəʊn/ | stone /stɔːn/ | stone /stoːn/ | stone /stoːn/ |
| Montagna | mountain /ˈmaʊntɪn/ | mountain /ˈmaʊntɪn/ | mountain /ˈmaʊntɪn/ | mountain /ˈmaʊntən/ | mountain /ˈmuːntɪn/ | mountain /ˈmaʊntɪn/ | mountain /ˈmaʊntɪn/ |
| Mare | sea /siː/ | sea /siː/ | sea /siː/ | sea /siː/ | sea /siː/ | sea /siː/ | sea /siː/ |
| Madre | mother /ˈmʌðə/ | mother /ˈmʌðə/ | mother /ˈmʊðɐ/ | mother /ˈmʌðɚ/ | mother /ˈmʊðɐ/ | mother /ˈmʊðə/ | mother /ˈmʌðə/ |
| Padre | father /ˈfɑːðə/ | father /ˈfɑːðə/ | father /ˈfaːðɐ/ | father /ˈvɑːðɚ/ | father /ˈfaːðɐ/ | father /ˈfɑːðə/ | father /ˈfaːðə/ |
| Figlia | daughter /ˈdɔːtə/ | daughter /ˈdɔːtə/ | daughter /ˈdɔːtɐ/ | daughter /ˈdɔːtɚ/ | daughter /ˈdɔːtɐ/ | daughter /ˈdɔːtə/ | daughter /ˈdɔːtə/ |
| Io | I /aɪ/ | I /aɪ/ | I /aɪ/ | I /aɪ/ | I /aɪ/ | I /aː/ | I /aɪ/ |
| Tu | you /juː/ | you /juː/ | you /juː/ | you /juː/ | you /juː/ | you /juː/ | you /juː/ |
| Noi | we /wiː/ | we /wiː/ | we /wiː/ | we /wiː/ | we /wiː/ | we /wiː/ | we /wiː/ |
| Nome | name /neːm/ | name /neɪm/ | name /neɪm/ | name /neɪm/ | name /neːm/ | name /neːm/ | name /neːm/ |
| Persona | person /ˈpɜːsən/ | person /ˈpɜːsən/ | person /ˈpɜːsən/ | person /ˈpɝsən/ | person /ˈpɜːsən/ | person /ˈpɜːsən/ | person /ˈpɜːsən/ |
| Testa | head /hɛd/ | head /hɛd/ | head /hɛd/ | head /hɛd/ | head /hɛd/ | head /hɛd/ | head /hɛd/ |
| Occhio | eye /aɪ/ | eye /aɪ/ | eye /aɪ/ | eye /aɪ/ | eye /aɪ/ | eye /aɪ/ | eye /aɪ/ |
| Orecchio | ear /iːə/ | ear /ɪɚ/ | ear /ɪə/ | ear /ɪɚ/ | ear /ɪə/ | ear /ɪɹ/ | ear /ia/ |
| Naso | nose /noʊz/ | nose /noʊz/ | nose /nəʊz/ | nose /nəʊz/ | nose /niəz/ | nose /noʊz/ | nose /noːs/ |
| Bocca | mouth /maʊθ/ | mouth /maʊθ/ | mouth /maʊθ/ | mouth /maʊθ/ | mouth /muːθ/ | mouth /maʊθ/ | mouth /maʊt/ |
| Dente | tooth /tuːθ/ | tooth /tuːθ/ | tooth /tʊθ/ | tooth /tuːθ/ | tooth /tʊθ/ | tooth /tʊθ/ | tooth /tuːt/ |
| Lingua | tongue /tʌŋ/ | tongue /tʌŋ/ | tongue /tʊŋ/ | tongue /tʌŋ/ | tongue /tʊŋ/ | tongue /tʊŋ/ | tongue /tɔŋ/ |
| Mano | hand /hand/ | hand /hænd/ | hand /hand/ | hand /hand/ | hand /hand/ | hand /and/ | hand /hænd/ |
| Piede | foot /fʊt/ | foot /fʊt/ | foot /fʊt/ | foot /fʊt/ | foot /fʊt/ | foot /fʊt/ | foot /fʊt/ |
| Cuore | heart /haːt/ | heart /hɑːt/ | heart /haːt/ | heart /hɑːɹt/ | heart /haːt/ | heart /hɑːt/ | heart /haːt/ |
| Osso | bone /boːn/ | bone /boʊn/ | bone /bɒʊn/ | bone /bəʊn/ | bone /bɔːn/ | bone /boːn/ | bone /bon/ |
| Sangue | blood /blʌd/ | blood /blʌd/ | blood /blʊd/ | blood /blʌd/ | blood /blʊd/ | blood /blʊd/ | blood /blʌd/ |
| Cacca | poo /puː/ | poop /puːp/ | poo /puː/ | poo /puː/ | poo /puː/ | poo /puː/ | poop /puːp/ |
| Amore | love /lʌv/ | love /lʌv/ | love /lʊv/ | love /lʌv/ | love /lʊv/ | love /lʊv/ | love /lʌv/ |
| Albero | tree /tɹiː/ | tree /tɹiː/ | tree /tɹiː/ | tree /tɹiː/ | tree /tɹiː/ | tree /tɹiː/ | tree /tɹiː/ |
| Cane | dog /dɒɡ/ | dog /dɒɡ/ | dog /dɒɡ/ | dog /dɒɡ/ | dog /dɒɡ/ | dog /dɒɡ/ | dog /dɔɡ/ |
| Gatto | cat /kʰat/ | cat /kæt/ | cat /kat/ | cat /kat/ | cat /kat/ | cat /kat/ | cat /kæt/ |
| Pesce | fish /fɪʃ/ | fish /fɪʃ/ | fish /fɪʃ/ | fish /fɪʃ/ | fish /fɪʃ/ | fish /fɪʃ/ | fish /fɪʃ/ |
| Uccello | bird /bɜːd/ | bird /bɜːɹd/ | bird /bɜːd/ | bird /bɜːd/ | bird /bɜːd/ | bird /bɜːd/ | bird /bɜːd/ |
| Farfalla | butterfly /ˈbʌtəflaɪ/ | butterfly /ˈbʌtəflaɪ/ | butterfly /ˈbʊtəflaɪ/ | butterfly /ˈbʌtɚflaɪ/ | butterfly /ˈbʊtəflaɪ/ | butterfly /ˈbʊtəflaɪ/ | butterfly /ˈbʌtəflaɪ/ |
| Uovo | egg /ɛɡ/ | egg /ɛɡ/ | egg /ɛɡ/ | egg /ɛɡ/ | egg /ɛɡ/ | egg /ɛɡ/ | egg /ɛɡ/ |
| Orso | bear /bɛː/ | bear /bɛə/ | bear /bɛə/ | bear /bɛɹ/ | bear /bɛə/ | bear /bɛə/ | bear /bɛə/ |
| Cavallo | horse /hɔːs/ | horse /hɔːs/ | horse /hɔːs/ | horse /hɔːɹs/ | horse /hɔːs/ | horse /ɔːs/ | horse /hɔːs/ |
| Casa | house /haʊs/ | house /haʊs/ | house /haʊs/ | house /haʊs/ | house /huːs/ | house /aʊs/ | house /haʊs/ |
| Latte | milk /mɪlk/ | milk /mɪlk/ | milk /mɪlk/ | milk /mɪlk/ | milk /mɪlk/ | milk /mɪlk/ | milk /mɪlk/ |
| Miele | honey /ˈhʌni/ | honey /ˈhʌni/ | honey /ˈhʊni/ | honey /ˈhʌni/ | honey /ˈhʊni/ | honey /ˈhʊni/ | honey /ˈhʌni/ |
| Sale | salt /sɔːlt/ | salt /sɔːlt/ | salt /sɔːlt/ | salt /sɔːlt/ | salt /sɔːlt/ | salt /sɔːlt/ | salt /sɔlt/ |
| Vino | wine /waɪn/ | wine /waɪn/ | wine /waɪn/ | wine /waɪn/ | wine /waɪn/ | wine /waɪn/ | wine /waɪn/ |
| Riso | rice /ɹaɪs/ | rice /ɹaɪs/ | rice /ɹaɪs/ | rice /ɹaɪs/ | rice /ɹaɪs/ | rice /ɹaɪs/ | rice /ɹaɪs/ |
| Cioccolato | chocolate /ˈtʃɒklət/ | chocolate /ˈtʃɒklət/ | chocolate /ˈtʃɒklət/ | chocolate /ˈtʃɒklət/ | chocolate /ˈtʃɒklət/ | chocolate /ˈtʃɒklət/ | — |
| Ferro | iron /ˈaɪən/ | iron /ˈaɪən/ | iron /ˈaɪən/ | iron /ˈaɪɚn/ | iron /ˈaɪən/ | iron /ˈaɪən/ | iron /ˈaɪən/ |
| Ruota | wheel /wiːl/ | wheel /wiːl/ | wheel /wiːl/ | wheel /wiːl/ | wheel /wiːl/ | wheel /wiːl/ | wheel /wiːl/ |
| Seta | silk /sɪlk/ | silk /sɪlk/ | silk /sɪlk/ | silk /sɪlk/ | silk /sɪlk/ | silk /sɪlk/ | silk /sɪlk/ |
| Libro | book /bʊk/ | book /bʊk/ | book /bʊk/ | book /bʊk/ | book /bʊk/ | book /bʊk/ | book /bʊk/ |
| Mangiare | eat /iːt/ | eat /iːt/ | eat /iːt/ | eat /iːt/ | eat /iːt/ | eat /iːt/ | eat /iːt/ |
| Bere | drink /dɹɪŋk/ | drink /dɹɪŋk/ | drink /dɹɪŋk/ | drink /dɹɪŋk/ | drink /dɹɪŋk/ | drink /dɹɪŋk/ | drink /dɹɪŋk/ |
| Dormire | sleep /sliːp/ | sleep /sliːp/ | sleep /sliːp/ | sleep /sliːp/ | sleep /sliːp/ | sleep /sliːp/ | sleep /sliːp/ |
| Uno | one /wʌn/ | one /wʌn/ | one /wʊn/ | one /wʌn/ | one /wʊn/ | one /wɒn/ | one /wʌn/ |
| Due | two /tuː/ | two /tuː/ | two /tuː/ | two /tuː/ | two /tuː/ | two /tuː/ | two /tuː/ |
| Tre | three /θɹiː/ | three /θɹiː/ | three /θɹiː/ | three /θɹiː/ | three /θɹiː/ | three /θɹiː/ | three /tɹi/ |
| Quattro | four /fɔː/ | four /fɔːɹ/ | four /fɔː/ | four /fɔːɹ/ | four /fɔː/ | four /fɔː/ | four /fɔː/ |
| Cinque | five /faɪv/ | five /faɪv/ | five /faɪv/ | five /faɪv/ | five /faɪv/ | five /faɪv/ | five /faɪv/ |
| Cento | hundred /ˈhʌndɾəd/ | hundred /ˈhʌndɹəd/ | hundred /ˈhʊndɹəd/ | hundred /ˈhʌndɹəd/ | hundred /ˈhʊndɹəd/ | hundred /ˈhʊndɹəd/ | hundred /ˈhʌndɹəd/ |
| Ciao | hello /həˈləʊ/ | hello /həˈləʊ/ | hello /həˈlɔʊ/ | hello /hɛˈloʊ/ | hello /həˈloː/ | ey up /eɪ ʊp/ | hello /həˈloː/ |
| Grazie | thanks /θaŋks/ | thank you /θæŋk juː/ | ta /taː/ | thanks /θaŋks/ | thanks /θaŋks/ | ta /tɑː/ | thanks /taŋks/ |
| Buono | good /ɡʊd/ | good /ɡʊd/ | good /ɡʊd/ | good /ɡʊd/ | good /ɡʊd/ | good /ɡʊd/ | good /ɡʊd/ |
| Nuovo | new /nɪʊ/ | new /njuː/ | new /njuː/ | new /njuː/ | new /njuː/ | new /njuː/ | new /njuː/ |
| Rosso | red /ɾɛd/ | red /ɹɛd/ | red /ɹɛd/ | red /ɹɛd/ | red /ɹɛd/ | red /rɛd/ | red /ɹɛd/ |
| Bianco | white /waɪt/ | white /waɪt/ | white /waɪt/ | white /waɪt/ | white /waɪt/ | white /waɪt/ | white /waɪt/ |
| Nero | black /blak/ | black /blæk/ | black /blak/ | black /blak/ | black /blak/ | black /blak/ | black /blæk/ |
| Verde | green /ɡɾiːn/ | green /ɡɹiːn/ | green /ɡɹiːn/ | green /ɡɹiːn/ | green /ɡɹiːn/ | green /ɡɹiːn/ | green /ɡɹiːn/ |
| Blu | blue /blɪʊ/ | blue /bluː/ | blue /bluː/ | blue /bluː/ | blue /bluː/ | blue /bluː/ | blue /bluː/ |
| Cuculo | cuckoo /ˈkʊkuː/ | cuckoo /ˈkʊkuː/ | cuckoo /ˈkʊkuː/ | cuckoo /ˈkʊkuː/ | cuckoo /ˈkʊkuː/ | cuckoo /ˈkʊkuː/ | cuckoo /ˈkʊkuː/ |
| Bau bau | woof /wʊf/ | woof /wʊf/ | woof /wʊf/ | woof /wʊf/ | woof /wʊf/ | woof /wʊf/ | woof /wʊf/ |
| Chicchirichì | cock-a-doodle-doo /ˌkɒkəduːdlˈduː/ | cock-a-doodle-doo /ˌkɒkəduːdlˈduː/ | cock-a-doodle-doo /ˌkɒkəduːdlˈduː/ | cock-a-doodle-doo /ˌkɒkəduːdlˈduː/ | cock-a-doodle-doo /ˌkɒkəduːdlˈduː/ | cock-a-doodle-doo /ˌkɒkəduːdlˈduː/ | cock-a-doodle-doo /ˌkɔkəduːdlˈduː/ |
| Computer | computer /kəmˈpɪʊtə/ | computer /kəmˈpjuːtə/ | computer /kəmˈpjuːtə/ | computer /kəmˈpjuːtɚ/ | computer /kəmˈpjuːtə/ | computer /kəmˈpjuːtə/ | computer /kəmˈpjuːtə/ |
| Wi-Fi | Wi-Fi /ˈwaɪfaɪ/ | Wi-Fi /ˈwaɪfaɪ/ | Wi-Fi /ˈwaɪfaɪ/ | Wi-Fi /ˈwaɪfaɪ/ | Wi-Fi /ˈwaɪfaɪ/ | Wi-Fi /ˈwaɪfaɪ/ | Wi-Fi /ˈwaɪfaɪ/ |
| Sushi | sushi /ˈsuːʃi/ | sushi /ˈsuːʃi/ | sushi /ˈsuːʃi/ | sushi /ˈsuːʃi/ | sushi /ˈsuːʃi/ | sushi /ˈsuːʃɪ/ | sushi /ˈsuːʃi/ |
| Tè | tea /tiː/ | tea /tiː/ | tea /tiː/ | tea /tiː/ | tea /tiː/ | tea /tiː/ | tea /tiː/ |
| Caffè | coffee /ˈkɒfi/ | coffee /ˈkɒfi/ | coffee /ˈkɒfi/ | coffee /ˈkɒfi/ | coffee /ˈkɒfi/ | coffee /ˈkɒfi/ | coffee /ˈkɔfi/ |
| Zucchero | sugar /ˈʃʊɡə/ | sugar /ˈʃʊɡə/ | sugar /ˈʃʊɡɐ/ | sugar /ˈʃʊɡɚ/ | sugar /ˈʃʊɡɐ/ | sugar /ˈʃʊɡə/ | sugar /ˈʃʊɡə/ |
| Arancia | orange /ˈɒɾɪndʒ/ | orange /ˈɒɹɪndʒ/ | orange /ˈɒɹɪndʒ/ | orange /ˈɒɹɪndʒ/ | orange /ˈɒɹɪndʒ/ | orange /ˈɒrɪndʒ/ | orange /ˈɔɹɪndʒ/ |
| 99 | ninety-nine /ˈnaɪnti ˈnaɪn/ | ninety-nine /ˈnaɪnti ˈnaɪn/ | ninety-nine /ˈnaɪnti ˈnaɪn/ | ninety-nine /ˈnaɪnti ˈnaɪn/ | ninety-nine /ˈnaɪnti ˈnaɪn/ | ninety-nine /ˈnaɪnti ˈnaɪn/ | ninety-nine /ˈnaɪnti ˈnaɪn/ |
| Dopamina | dopamine /ˈdəʊpəmiːn/ | dopamine /ˈdoʊpəmiːn/ | dopamine /ˈdəʊpəmiːn/ | dopamine /ˈdoʊpəmiːn/ | dopamine /ˈdəʊpəmiːn/ | dopamine /ˈdəʊpəmiːn/ | dopamine /ˈdoːpamiːn/ |
| Chiocciola (@) | at /at/ | at /æt/ | at /at/ | at /at/ | at /at/ | at /at/ | at /æt/ |
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