Zeme
Zeme naga
Sino-tibetana
Lo zeme naga (autonimo zeme) è una lingua tibeto-birmana del gruppo zeme all'interno del ramo kuki-chin-naga, parlata da circa 70.000 persone nelle zone di confine di Nagaland, Manipur e Assam, nell'India nordorientale. Il popolo zeme fa parte del più ampio complesso etnopolitico naga (circa 3 milioni di naga tra l'India nordorientale e il Myanmar) ma è linguisticamente distinto dalle lingue naga più note come il tangkhul, il sumi e il mao. Lo zeme presenta tratti tibeto-birmani classici: tonale (basso/alto), morfologia nominale semplice, accordo verbale polipersonale e ordine dei costituenti SOV. Dagli anni '60 i programmi di alfabetizzazione naga hanno prodotto traduzioni della Bibbia e materiali didattici in zeme.
Dove si parla
87 parole essenziali in zeme naga
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Confronto con lingue della stessa classificazione: Sino-tibetana
| Significato | Zeme naga | Tangkhul naga | Mizo | Hakha Chin | Tuvaluano | Tokelauano | Egizio antico |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acqua | hedui /hedui/ | ze /ze/ | tui /tui/ | ti /ti/ | vai /vai/ | vai /vai/ | 𓈗 /muː/ |
| Fuoco | hemi /hemi/ | mei /mei/ | mei /mei/ | mei /mei/ | afi /afi/ | afi /afi/ | 𓏴𓏏𓊮 /sedʒet/ |
| Sole | naimik /naimik/ | nyithui /ɲitʰui/ | ni /ni/ | ni /ni/ | laa /laː/ | lā /laː/ | 𓇳 /raː/ |
| Luna | hekeu /hekeu/ | lai /lai/ | thla /tʰla/ | thla /tʰla/ | masina /masina/ | māhina /maːhina/ | 𓇹 /iaːh/ |
| Stella | hegi /heɡi/ | sira /siraː/ | arsi /arsi/ | arfi /ʔarfi/ | fetū /fetuː/ | fetū /fetuː/ | 𓋴𓃀𓄿𓇼 /seba/ |
| Notte | muizeu /muizeu/ | ngayashong /ŋajaʃoŋ/ | zan /zan/ | zan /zan/ | pō /poː/ | pō /poː/ | 𓎼𓂋𓎛𓇰 /ɡereh/ |
| Pioggia | tingrui /tiŋrui/ | zingrot /ziŋrot/ | ruah /ruaʔ/ | ruah /rua/ | ua /ua/ | ua /ua/ | 𓎛𓅱𓏏𓇲 /huːt/ |
| Neve | kebun /kebun/ | horam /horam/ | vur /vur/ | hawhra /hawhra/ | kiona /kiona/ | kiona /kiona/ | 𓐠𓏤𓂋𓏤𓈎𓅱𓇲𓏥 /sarakuː/ |
| Vento | tingkai /tiŋkai/ | masi /masi/ | thli /tʰli/ | thli /tʰli/ | matagi /mataŋi/ | matagi /mataŋi/ | 𓍿𓄿𓅱 /tʃauː/ |
| Terra | kedei /kedei/ | ngalei /ŋalei/ | lei /ˈlei̯/ | vawlei /vawlei/ | kelekele /kelekele/ | kelekele /kelekele/ | 𓇾 /ta/ |
| Pietra | tingchu /tiŋtʃu/ | ngalung /ŋaluŋ/ | lung /luŋ/ | lung /luŋ/ | fatu /fatu/ | fatu /fatu/ | 𓇋𓈖𓂋𓊌 /iner/ |
| Montagna | peloa /peloa/ | kaphung /kapʰuŋ/ | tlâng /tlaŋ/ | tlang /tlaŋ/ | mauga /mauŋa/ | mauga /mauŋa/ | 𓈋 /dʒuː/ |
| Mare | sungkeling /suŋkeliŋ/ | ngayi /ŋaji/ | tuipui /tuipui/ | rili /rili/ | tai /tai/ | moana /moana/ | 𓇋𓇋𓅖𓈗𓈘𓈇 /iːm/ |
| Madre | mipui /mipui/ | ina /ina/ | nu /nu/ | nu /nu/ | maatua /maːtua/ | mātua /maːtua/ | 𓅐𓏏𓁐 /muːt/ |
| Padre | mipeu /mipeu/ | apa /apa/ | pa /pa/ | pa /pa/ | tamana /tamana/ | tamana /tamana/ | 𓇋𓏏 /it/ |
| Figlia | pena /pena/ | nawngalawu /nawŋalawu/ | fanu /fanu/ | fanu /fanu/ | tama fafine /tama fafine/ | afafine /afafine/ | 𓅭𓏏 /zat/ |
| Io | i /i/ | i /i/ | kei /kei/ | kei /kei/ | au /au/ | au /au/ | 𓇋𓏌𓎡 /inek/ |
| Tu | nang /naŋ/ | na /na/ | nang /naŋ/ | nang /naŋ/ | koe /koe/ | koe /koe/ | 𓈖𓏏𓎡 /netek/ |
| Noi | anui /anui/ | ithum /itʰum/ | keini /keini/ | kanmah /kanmaʔ/ | tātou / mātou /taːtou / maːtou/ | tātou / mātou /taːtou / maːtou/ | 𓇋𓈖𓈖 /inen/ |
| Nome | heji /hedʒi/ | amin /amin/ | hming /hmiŋ/ | min /min/ | igoa /iŋoa/ | igoa /iŋoa/ | 𓂋𓈖 /ren/ |
| Persona | ziemmena /ziemːena/ | — | mi /mi/ | mi /mi/ | tino /tino/ | tagata /taŋata/ | 𓂋𓍿𓀀 /remetʃ/ |
| Testa | mipei /mipei/ | kui /kui/ | lu /lu/ | lu /lu/ | ulu /ulu/ | ulu /ulu/ | 𓁶𓏤 /tep/ |
| Occhio | mimik /mimik/ | mi /mi/ | mit /mit/ | mit /mit/ | mata /mata/ | mata /mata/ | 𓁹 /iret/ |
| Orecchio | mikun /mikun/ | khana /kʰana/ | beng /beŋ/ | hna /hna/ | taliga /taliŋa/ | taliga /taliŋa/ | 𓄟𓋴𓇥𓂋𓄔 /mesedʒer/ |
| Naso | mineu /mineu/ | natang /nataŋ/ | hnar /hnar/ | hnar /hnar/ | isu /isu/ | ihu /ihu/ | 𓂉𓏤 /fenedʒ/ |
| Bocca | mimui /mimui/ | khamor /kʰamor/ | kâ /ka/ | kaa /kaː/ | gutu /ŋutu/ | gutu /ŋutu/ | 𓂋 /ra/ |
| Dente | migeu /miɡeu/ | ha /ha/ | ha /ha/ | ha /ha/ | nifo /nifo/ | nifo /nifo/ | 𓇋𓃀𓎛𓄑 /ibeh/ |
| Lingua | milei /milei/ | male /male/ | lei /lei/ | lei /lei/ | alelo /alelo/ | alelo /alelo/ | 𓄓 /nes/ |
| Mano | mipa /mipa/ | pang /paŋ/ | kut /kut/ | kut /kut/ | lima /lima/ | lima /lima/ | 𓂧𓂋𓏏 /dʒeret/ |
| Piede | mipidei /mipidei/ | phei /pʰei/ | ke /ke/ | ke /ke/ | vae /vae/ | vae /vae/ | 𓂋𓂧𓂾 /red/ |
| Cuore | milung /miluŋ/ | mokyaba /mokjaba/ | thinlung /tʰinluŋ/ | lung /luŋ/ | fatu /fatu/ | fatu /fatu/ | 𓇋𓃀 /ib/ |
| Osso | ra /ra/ | ara /ara/ | ruh /ruh/ | ruh /ruh/ | ivi /ivi/ | ivi /ivi/ | 𓈎𓋴𓌟 /kes/ |
| Sangue | hejei /hedʒei/ | ashi /aʃi/ | thisen /tʰiseːn/ | thi /tʰî/ | toto /toto/ | toto /toto/ | 𓊃𓈖𓆑𓂐 /zenef/ |
| Cacca | heba /heba/ | paai /paːi/ | êk /ek/ | ek /ʔek/ | tae /tae/ | tae /tae/ | 𓎛𓋴𓄽 /hes/ |
| Amore | hung /huŋ/ | cha /tʃa/ | hmangaih /hmaŋai/ | daw /daw/ | alofa /alofa/ | alofa /alofa/ | 𓅓𓂋 /meri/ |
| Albero | hingbang /hiŋbaŋ/ | leiyik /leijik/ | thingkung /tʰiŋkuŋ/ | thingkung /tʰiŋkuŋ/ | laakau /laːkau/ | lākau /laːkau/ | 𓈖𓉔𓏏𓆭 /nehet/ |
| Cane | hetei /hetei/ | ui /ui/ | ui /ui/ | ui /ui/ | kuli /kuli/ | maile /maile/ | 𓃛𓅱𓃛𓅱𓃡 /iuːiuː/ |
| Gatto | ngngiaune /ŋːiaune/ | mibu /mibu/ | zawhte /zɔʔte/ | minu /minu/ | pusi /pusi/ | puhi /puhi/ | 𓏇𓇋𓅱𓃠 /miuː/ |
| Pesce | heka /heka/ | khai /kʰai/ | sangha /saŋha/ | nga /ŋà/ | ika /ika/ | ika /ika/ | 𓂋𓅓 /rem/ |
| Uccello | nruine /nruine/ | vanao /vanao/ | sava /sava/ | vate /vaʔteʔ/ | manu /manu/ | manu /manu/ | 𓄿𓊪𓂧𓅬 /aped/ |
| Farfalla | timpiangbe /timpiaŋbe/ | konghang /koŋhaŋ/ | phengphehlep /pʰeŋpʰehlep/ | pelep /pelep/ | pepe /pepe/ | pepe /pepe/ | — |
| Uovo | nruibum /nruibum/ | harra /harra/ | artui /artui/ | arti /ʔarti/ | fuamoa /fuamoa/ | fuāmoa /fuaːmoa/ | 𓋴𓅱𓎛𓏏𓆇 /suːhet/ |
| Orso | hegum /heɡum/ | singom /siŋom/ | savawm /savɔm/ | vom /vom/ | pea /pea/ | pea /pea/ | — |
| Cavallo | hekun /hekun/ | sigui /siɡui/ | sakawr /sakɔr/ | rang /raŋ/ | solofanua /solofanua/ | holofanua /holofanua/ | 𓋴𓋴𓅓𓏏𓃗 /sesemet/ |
| Casa | heki /heki/ | shim /ʃim/ | in /in/ | inn /in/ | fale /fale/ | fale /fale/ | 𓉐 /per/ |
| Latte | tungdui /tuŋdui/ | seina /seinə/ | hnute tui /hnute tui/ | hnuk /hnuk/ | susu /susu/ | huāhuhu /huaːhuhu/ | 𓇋𓂋𓍿𓏏𓏈 /irtʃet/ |
| Miele | ngkuidi /ŋkuidi/ | khuira /kʰuira/ | khuaizu /kʰuaizu/ | khuaihliti /kʰuaihliti/ | hani /hani/ | meli /meli/ | 𓆤𓏏 /bit/ |
| Sale | nehai /nehai/ | machi /matʃi/ | chi /tʃi/ | ci /tsi/ | masima /masima/ | māhima /maːhima/ | 𓎛𓌳𓄿𓏏𓍖𓈒𓏥 /hemat/ |
| Vino | wain /wain/ | drakhara /drakʰaːra/ | uain /uain/ | misur hang /misur haŋ/ | uaina /uaina/ | uaina /uaina/ | 𓇋𓂋𓊪𓏊 /irep/ |
| Riso | hebi /hebi/ | mawon /mawon/ | buh /buh/ | facang /fatsaŋ/ | laisi /laisi/ | — | — |
| Ferro | hegei /heɡei/ | mari /mari/ | thîr /tʰiːr/ | thir /tʰir/ | fiti /fiti/ | ukamea /ukamea/ | 𓃀𓇋𓄿𓈖𓊪𓏏𓇯 /bia en pet/ |
| Ruota | pigua /piɡua/ | kangphei /kaŋpʰei/ | tawlailîr ke /tɔlailiːr ke/ | kekual /kekual/ | teka /teka/ | uili /uili/ | — |
| Libro | leisi /leisi/ | lairik /lairik/ | lehkhabu /leʔkʰabu/ | cauk /tsauk/ | tusi /tusi/ | tuhi /tuhi/ | 𓏛𓏏𓏤𓍼𓏤 /medʒat/ |
| Mangiare | teu /teu/ | ngui /ŋui/ | ei /ei/ | ei /ei/ | kai /kai/ | kai /kai/ | 𓃹𓈖𓅓𓀁 /wenem/ |
| Bere | sak /sak/ | rai /rai/ | in /in/ | din /din/ | inu /inu/ | inu /inu/ | 𓊃𓅨𓂋𓀁 /zuːr/ |
| Dormire | zei /zei/ | pi /pi/ | mut /mut/ | it /ʔit/ | moe /moe/ | moe /moe/ | 𓋴𓇥𓂋 /sedʒer/ |
| Uno | kat /kat/ | kha /kʰa/ | pakhat /pakʰat/ | pakhat /pakʰat/ | tasi /tasi/ | tahi /tahi/ | 𓏤 /waː/ |
| Due | kena /kena/ | khani /kʰani/ | pahnih /pahniʔ/ | pahnih /pahniʔ/ | lua /lua/ | lua /lua/ | 𓌢𓏌𓏤𓏤 /senuːi/ |
| Tre | kechum /ketʃum/ | kathum /katʰum/ | pathum /patʰum/ | pathum /patʰum/ | tolu /tolu/ | tolu /tolu/ | 𓏼 /xemetuː/ |
| Quattro | medai /medai/ | mati /məti/ | pali /pali/ | pali /pali/ | fā /faː/ | fā /faː/ | 𓏽 /ifeduː/ |
| Cinque | mengeu /meŋeu/ | phanga /pʰəŋa/ | panga /paŋa/ | panga /paŋa/ | lima /lima/ | lima /lima/ | 𓏾 /diuː/ |
| Cento | heiket /heiket/ | shakha /ʃakʰə/ | za /za/ | za /za/ | selau /selau/ | helau /helau/ | 𓍢 /ʃet/ |
| Ciao | hangba /haŋba/ | hayau /hajau/ | chibai /tʃibai/ | na dam maw /na dam maw/ | taalofa /taːlofa/ | mālō ni /maːloː ni/ | 𓇋𓐩𓆓𓏛𓁷𓏤 /inedʒ her/ |
| Grazie | kazi /kazi/ | ase /ase/ | ka lawm e /ka lɔːm e/ | ka lawm /ka lawm/ | fakafetai /fakafetai/ | fakafetai /fakafetai/ | 𓇼𓊹𓈖 /duːa netʃer en/ |
| Buono | keibe /keibe/ | kahei /kahei/ | ṭha /tɾʰa/ | ṭha /ʈʰa/ | lei /lei/ | lelei /lelei/ | 𓄤 /nefer/ |
| Nuovo | karchibe /kartʃibe/ | kathar /katʰar/ | thar /tʰar/ | thar /tʰar/ | fou /fou/ | fōu /foːu/ | 𓌳𓄿𓅱𓏛 /mauːi/ |
| Rosso | kegebe /keɡebe/ | kahunga /kahuŋa/ | sen /sen/ | sen /sen/ | kula /kula/ | kukula /kukula/ | 𓂧𓈙𓂋𓅟 /deʃer/ |
| Bianco | kehabe /kehabe/ | kachar /katʃar/ | vâr /var/ | raang /raːŋ/ | kena /kena/ | paepae /paepae/ | 𓌉 /hedʒ/ |
| Nero | ketikbe /ketikbe/ | kachik /katʃik/ | dum /dum/ | dum /dum/ | uli /uli/ | uli /uli/ | 𓆎𓅓 /kem/ |
| Verde | kanzaibe /kanzaibe/ | khamateka /kʰamateka/ | hring /hriŋ/ | hring /hriŋ/ | lanu lau niu /lanu lau niu/ | lanu meamata /lanu meamata/ | 𓇅 /wadʒ/ |
| Blu | kanzaibe /kanzaibe/ | khamaying /kʰamajiŋ/ | dumpâwl /dumpɔl/ | — | lanu moana /lanu moana/ | lanumoana /lanumoana/ | 𓇅 /wadʒ/ |
| Tè | sa /sa/ | — | thingpui /tʰiŋpui/ | lakphak /lakpʰak/ | tī /tiː/ | — | — |
| 99 | riaksekui ze sekui /riaksekui ze sekui/ | hangchikoda chiko /haŋtʃikoda tʃiko/ | sawmkua leh pakua /sɔmkua leʔ pakua/ | sawmkua le pakua /sɔmkua le pakua/ | iva sefulu iva /iva sefulu iva/ | iva hefuluiva /iva hefuluiva/ | 𓎎𓐂 /pesedʒiuː pesedʒuː/ |
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