Lubukusu
Bukusu
Niger-Kongo
Bukusu (Lubukusu) ist eine Bantusprache des Luhya-Clusters (Glottolog JE31c), die von etwa 750.000 bis 1,4 Millionen Menschen in den Counties Bungoma und Trans-Nzoia im Westen Kenias gesprochen wird. Die Bukusu-Gemeinschaft ist die größte der etwa 17 Luhya-Untergruppen und zeichnet sich durch Beschneidungsriten (sikhebo), Kriegertraditionen und die mit der Schwestersprache Masaaba (myx) jenseits der ugandischen Grenze geteilte Mythologie des Mount Elgon aus. Sprachlich bewahrt Bukusu konservative Bantu-Merkmale (15–18 Nominalklassen, komplexe Verbalmorphologie mit Tempus-Aspekt-Modus, ein Registersystem mit zwei Tönen), wobei Mutonyi (2000) die umfassendste moderne sprachliche Beschreibung liefert. Die Bibel wurde in den 1960er Jahren ins Bukusu übersetzt, und es gibt eine aktive gemeindebasierte Publikation von Volksmärchen und Sprichwörtern.
Wo die Sprache gesprochen wird
Bukusu: 87 Kernwörter
Quellen
Wörter im Vergleich
Verglichen mit verwandten Sprachen: Niger-Kongo
| Bedeutung | Bukusu | Masaaba | Luhya | Soga | Runyankole | Chiga | Kirundi |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wasser | kameechi /kameːtʃi/ | kamaatsi /kamaːtsi/ | amatsi /amatsi/ | amaadhi /amaːd̪i/ | amaizi /amaizi/ | amaizi /amaizi/ | amazi /amaːzi/ |
| Feuer | kumulilo /kumulilo/ | kamulilo /kamulilo/ | omuliro /omuliro/ | omuliro /omuliro/ | omuriro /omuriro/ | omuriro /omuriro/ | umuriro /umuɾiɾo/ |
| Sonne | enyanga /eɲaŋɡa/ | suuba /suːba/ | liuba /liuba/ | endhuba /end̪uba/ | eizooba /eizoːba/ | eizooba /eizoːba/ | izuba /izuba/ |
| Mond | kumwesi /kumwesi/ | umweesi /umweːsi/ | omwesi /omwesi/ | omwezi /omwezi/ | okwezi /okwezi/ | okwezi /okwezi/ | ukwezi /ukwezi/ |
| Stern | eng'enieesi /eŋeɲeːsi/ | kumunyeenye /kumuɲeːɲe/ | engʼiningʼini /eŋiniŋini/ | emuunienie /emuːɲeɲe/ | enyonyoozi /eɲoɲoːzi/ | enyonyoozi /eɲoɲoːzi/ | inyenyeri /iɲeɲeri/ |
| Nacht | siilo /siːlo/ | busilo /busilo/ | eshilo /eʃilo/ | obwire /obwire/ | ekiro /ekiro/ | ekiro /etʃiro/ | ijoro /iʒoro/ |
| Regen | efula /efula/ | ifula /ifula/ | efula /eˈfula/ | enkuba /eŋkuba/ | enjura /enˈdʒura/ | enjura /eɲɟura/ | imvura /imˈvura/ |
| Schnee | ebarafu /ebarafu/ | — | itsaluchi /itsalutʃi/ | — | — | — | shelegi /ʃeleɡi/ |
| Wind | embeo /embeo/ | imbewo /imbewo/ | omuyeka /omujeka/ | empewo /empewo/ | omuyaga /omujaɡa/ | omuyaga /omujaɡa/ | umuyaga /umujaɣa/ |
| Erde | liloba /liloba/ | liloba /liloba/ | liloba /liloba/ | eitaka /eitaka/ | eitaka /eitaka/ | eitaka /eitaka/ | ubutaka /uɓutaka/ |
| Stein | libaale /liβaːle/ | libaale /libaːle/ | lichina /litʃina/ | eibaale /eibaːle/ | eibaare /eiˈbaːre/ | eibaare /eiˈbaːre/ | ibuye /iˈɓuje/ |
| Berg | sikulu /sikulu/ | lukiingi /lukiːŋɡi/ | eshikulu /eʃikulu/ | olusozi /olusozi/ | orushozi /oruʃozi/ | omusozi /omusozi/ | umusozi /umusozi/ |
| Meer | enyanja /eɲandʒa/ | inyaantsa /iɲaːntsa/ | inyanza /iɲanza/ | enhandha /eɲand̪a/ | enyanja /eɲaɲdʒa/ | enyanja /eɲaɲdʒa/ | inyanja /iɲaːndʒa/ |
| Mutter | maayi /maːji/ | mayi /maji/ | mayi /maji/ | maama /maːma/ | maawe /maːwe/ | nyina /ɲina/ | mama /maːma/ |
| Vater | papa /papa/ | papa /papa/ | papa /papa/ | lata /lata/ | tata /tata/ | ishe /iʃe/ | data /data/ |
| Tochter | omukhaana /omuxaːna/ | umukhaana /umuxaːna/ | omukhaana /omuxaːna/ | omughala /omuɣala/ | omuhara /omuhara/ | omuhara /omuhara/ | umukobwa /umukobwa/ |
| Ich | ese /ese/ | ise /ise/ | ese /ese/ | nze /nze/ | nyowe /ɲowe/ | nyowe /ɲowe/ | jewe /ʒewe/ |
| Du | ewe /ewe/ | iwe /iwe/ | ewe /ewe/ | iwe /iwe/ | iwe /iwe/ | iwe /iwe/ | wewe /wewe/ |
| Wir | efwe /efwe/ | ifwe /ifwe/ | efwe /efwe/ | iffe /ifːe/ | itwe /itwe/ | itwe /itwe/ | twebwe /twebwe/ |
| Name | lisina /lisina/ | lisiina /lisiːna/ | elira /elira/ | eriina /eriːna/ | eiziina /eiziːna/ | eiziina /eiziːna/ | izina /izina/ |
| Mensch | omundu /omundu/ | umundu /umundu/ | omundu /omundu/ | omuntu /omuntu/ | omuntu /omuntu/ | omuntu /omuntu/ | umuntu /umuntu/ |
| Kopf | kumurwe /kumurwe/ | kumurwe /kumurwe/ | omurwe /omurwe/ | omutwe /omutwe/ | omutwe /omutwe/ | omutwe /omutwe/ | umutwe /umutwe/ |
| Auge | emoni /emoni/ | liiso /liːso/ | liiso /liːso/ | eriiso /eriːso/ | eriisho /eriːʃo/ | eriisho /eriːʃo/ | ijisho /iʒiʃo/ |
| Ohr | liiru /liːru/ | khukhuru /kʰukʰuru/ | eshirwi /eʃirwi/ | okutu /okutu/ | okutu /okutu/ | okutu /okutu/ | ugutwi /uɣutwi/ |
| Nase | lyolu /ljolu/ | lilyoolu /liʎoːlu/ | amolu /amolu/ | enhindo /eɲindo/ | enyindo /eɲindo/ | enyindo /eɲindo/ | izuru /iˈzuɾu/ |
| Mund | kumunwa /kumunwa/ | kumunwa /kumunwa/ | omunwa /omunwa/ | omunwa /omunwa/ | akanwa /akanwa/ | akanwa /akanwa/ | umunwa /umunwa/ |
| Zahn | liino /liːno/ | liino /liːno/ | lino /lino/ | erino /erino/ | eriino /eriːno/ | eriino /eriːno/ | iryinyo /irjiɲo/ |
| Zunge | lulimi /lulimi/ | lulimi /lulimi/ | olulimi /olulimi/ | olulimi /olulimi/ | orurimi /orurimi/ | orurimi /orurimi/ | ururimi /ururimi/ |
| Hand | kumukhono /kumuxono/ | kumukhono /kumukʰono/ | omukhono /omukʰono/ | omukono /omukono/ | omukono /omukono/ | omukono /omukono/ | ikiganza /ikiɡanza/ |
| Fuß | sikele /sikele/ | shikyele /ʃikjele/ | eshilenje /eʃilendʒe/ | ekigere /ekiɡere/ | ekigyere /ekiɡjere/ | ekigyere /ekiɡjere/ | ikirenge /ikirenɡe/ |
| Herz | kumwoyo /kumwojo/ | umwoyo /umwojo/ | omwoyo /omwojo/ | omutima /omutima/ | omutima /omutima/ | omutima /omutima/ | umutima /umutima/ |
| Knochen | sikuumba /sikuːmba/ | kumba /kumba/ | eshikumba /eʃikumba/ | eigumba /eiɡumba/ | eigufa /eiɡufa/ | eigufa /eiɡufa/ | igufa /iɡufa/ |
| Blut | kamafuki /kamafuki/ | kamafuki /kamafuki/ | amasayi /amasaji/ | omusaayi /omusaːji/ | eshagama /eʃaɡama/ | eshagama /eʃaɡama/ | amaraso /amaraso/ |
| Liebe | khusiima /xusiːma/ | khusima /kʰusima/ | obuyanzi /obujanzi/ | kugonza /kuɡonza/ | rukundo /rukundo/ | kukunda /kukunda/ | urukundo /uɾukundo/ |
| Baum | kumusaala /kumusaːla/ | kumusaala /kumusaːla/ | omusala /omusala/ | omuti /omuti/ | omuti /omuti/ | omuti /omuti/ | igiti /iɡiti/ |
| Hund | imbwa /imbwa/ | imbwa /imbwa/ | imbwa /imbwa/ | embwa /embwa/ | embwa /embwa/ | embwa /embwa/ | imbwa /imbwa/ |
| Katze | enyawu /eɲawu/ | paka /paka/ | lipusi /lipusi/ | pusi /pusi/ | enjangu /endʒaŋɡu/ | kapa /kapa/ | akayabu /akajabu/ |
| Fisch | eng'eeni /eŋeːni/ | enyeni /eɲeni/ | inyeni /iɲeni/ | ekyenhandha /etʃeɲand̪a/ | eky'enyanja /etʃeɲaɲdʒa/ | eky'enyanja /etʃeɲaɲdʒa/ | ifi /ifi/ |
| Vogel | enyuni /eɲuni/ | khanywinywi /kʰaɲwiɲwi/ | linyonyi /liɲoɲi/ | enhonhi /eɲoɲi/ | enyonyi /eɲoɲi/ | enyonyi /eɲoɲi/ | inyoni /iˈɲoni/ |
| Ei | liiki /liːki/ | liiki /liːki/ | liki /liki/ | eggi /eɡːi/ | eihuri /eihuri/ | eihuri /eihuri/ | igi /iɡi/ |
| Pferd | efarasi /efarasi/ | ifarasi /ifarasi/ | ifarasi /ifarasi/ | embalaasi /embalaːsi/ | embaraasi /embaraːsi/ | embaraasi /embaraːsi/ | ifarashi /ifaraʃi/ |
| Haus | enju /endʒu/ | nzu /nzu/ | enzu /enzu/ | endhu /end̪u/ | enju /endʒu/ | enju /endʒu/ | inzu /inzu/ |
| Milch | kamabeele /kamaβeːle/ | kamabeele /kamabeːle/ | amabeere /amabeːre/ | amata /amata/ | amate /amate/ | amate /amate/ | amata /amata/ |
| Honig | buukhi /buːxi/ | bubuukhi /bubuːkʰi/ | obushi /obuʃi/ | omudheenene /omud̪eːnene/ | obwoki /obwoki/ | obwuuki /obwuːtʃi/ | ubuki /ubuki/ |
| Salz | kumuunyu /kumuːɲu/ | kyumbi /kjumbi/ | omunyu /omuɲu/ | omuunhu /omuːɲu/ | omwonyo /omwoɲo/ | omwonyo /omwoɲo/ | umunyu /umuɲu/ |
| Wein | endali /endali/ | iviini /iviːni/ | idivai /idivai/ | omwenge gw'emizabbibu /omweŋɡe ɡwemizabːibu/ | viino /viːno/ | viino /viːno/ | umuvinyu /umuviɲu/ |
| Eisen | sichuuma /sitʃuːma/ | sikyuma /sikjuma/ | eshibia /eʃibia/ | ekyuma /ekjuma/ | ekyoma /eˈkjoma/ | obutare /obutare/ | icuma /iˈtʃuma/ |
| Rad | engara /eŋɡara/ | kumukuwu /kumukuwu/ | omukurutumu /omukurutumu/ | enkede /eŋkede/ | enyamuziga /eɲamuziɡa/ | enyamuziga /eɲamuziɡa/ | ipine /ipine/ |
| Buch | sitabu /sitabu/ | shitabo /ʃitabo/ | eshitabu /eʃitabu/ | ekitabo /ekitabo/ | ekitabo /ekitabo/ | ekitabo /etʃitabo/ | igitabo /iɡitabo/ |
| Essen | khulya /xulja/ | khulya /kʰuʎa/ | khulia /kʰulia/ | kulya /kulja/ | kurya /kurja/ | kurya /kurja/ | kurya /kuɾja/ |
| Trinken | khunywa /xuɲwa/ | khunywa /kʰuɲwa/ | khunywa /kʰuɲwa/ | kunhwa /kuɲʷa/ | kunywa /kuɲwa/ | kunywa /kuɲwa/ | kunywa /kuɲwa/ |
| Schlafen | khukona /xukona/ | khukona /kʰukona/ | khukona /kʰukona/ | kutenduka /kutenduka/ | kubyama /kubjama/ | kubyama /kubjama/ | gusinzira /ɡusinzira/ |
| Eins | ndala /ndala/ | mulala /mulala/ | ndala /ndala/ | ndala /ndala/ | emwe /emwe/ | rumwe /rumwe/ | rimwe /ɾimwe/ |
| Zwei | babili /βaβili/ | babili /βaβili/ | tsibili /tsibili/ | ibiri /ibiri/ | ibiri /iβiri/ | ibiri /iβiri/ | kabiri /kabiri/ |
| Drei | bataru /βataru/ | bisatu /bisatu/ | tsitaru /tsitaru/ | isatu /isatu/ | ishatu /iʃatu/ | ishatu /iʃatu/ | gatatu /ɡatatu/ |
| Vier | bane /βane/ | tsine /tsine/ | tsine /tsine/ | ina /ina/ | eina /eina/ | ina /ina/ | kane /kane/ |
| Fünf | baraano /βaraːno/ | tsirano /tsirano/ | tsirano /tsirano/ | itaanu /iˈtaːnu/ | itaano /itaːno/ | itaano /itaːno/ | gatanu /ɡataːnu/ |
| Hundert | miya /mija/ | sitondo /sitondo/ | emia /emia/ | kikumi /kikumi/ | igana /iɡana/ | igana /iɡana/ | ijana /iʒana/ |
| Hallo | mulembe /mulembe/ | mulembe /mulembe/ | mulembe /mulembe/ | mwaakire /mwaːkire/ | agandi /aɡandi/ | oraire /oraire/ | amahoro /amahoɾo/ |
| Danke | orio /orio/ | ole nise /ole nise/ | orio /orio/ | weebale /weːbale/ | webare /webare/ | webare /webare/ | murakoze /muɾakoze/ |
| Gut | kalayi /kalaji/ | kalayi /kalaji/ | malayi /malaji/ | bulungi /buluŋɡi/ | kirungi /kiruŋɡi/ | kurungi /kuruŋɡi/ | nziza /nziza/ |
| Neu | embia /embia/ | imbya /imbja/ | eshiyia /eʃijia/ | iyaka /ijaka/ | ekisya /ekisja/ | ekisya /etʃisja/ | nshasha /nʃaʃa/ |
| Rot | besemu /βesemu/ | kumafu /kumafu/ | kumafu /kumafu/ | myufu /mjufu/ | kutukura /kutukura/ | kutukura /kutukura/ | gutukura /ɡutukura/ |
| Weiß | waanga /waːŋɡa/ | iwanga /iwaŋɡa/ | eshilafu /eʃilafu/ | ndheru /nd̪eru/ | kwera /kwera/ | kwera /kwera/ | umweru /umweru/ |
| Schwarz | mali /mali/ | imali /imali/ | eshimali /eʃimali/ | ndhirugavu /nd̪iruɡavu/ | kwiragura /kwiraɡura/ | kwiragura /kwiraɡura/ | umukara /umukara/ |
| 99 | kamakhumi tisa na tisa /kamaxumi tisa na tisa/ | kamakhumi syeenda na syeenda /kamakʰumi sjeːnda na sjeːnda/ | amakhumi tisa na tisa /amaxumi tisa na tisa/ | kyenda na mwenda /kjenda na mwenda/ | makumi mwenda na mwenda /makumi mwenda na mwenda/ | makumi mwenda na mwenda /makumi mwenda na mwenda/ | mirongo icenda nʼicenda /miɾoŋɡo itʃenda nitʃenda/ |
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