chiManyika
Manyika
Niger-Kongo
Manyika (chiManyika) ist eine Bantusprache des Shona-Clusters (Glottolog S13a), die von etwa 2 Millionen Menschen in der Provinz Manicaland im Osten Simbabwes (rund um Mutare/Old Umtali) und in den angrenzenden Grenzgebieten der Provinz Manica in Mosambik gesprochen wird. Historisch im Doke-Vereinheitlichungsbericht von 1931 als Dialekt des Shona klassifiziert, wird Manyika zunehmend als eigenständiges Cluster-Mitglied mit eigenem Wortschatz, phonologischen Merkmalen (Manyika-spezifische Tonmuster und Konsonantenlenierung) und reicher literarischer Tradition anerkannt. Zu den berühmten Manyika-Sprechern zählt der frühere simbabwische Premierminister Robert Mugabe (geboren in Kutama, Distrikt Zvimba). Trotz seiner 2 Millionen Sprecher steht Manyika in Bildung und Medien unter anhaltendem Druck durch das Standard-Shona; die literarische Tradition des Manyika wird durch Hymnodie, mündliche Überlieferung (ngano) und regionale Dichtung bewahrt.
Wo die Sprache gesprochen wird
Manyika: 87 Kernwörter
Quellen
Wörter im Vergleich
Verglichen mit verwandten Sprachen: Niger-Kongo
| Bedeutung | Manyika | Shona | Ndau | Sena | Tumbuka | Sambia-Tonga | Chichewa |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wasser | mvura /mvuɾa/ | mvura /mvura/ | mvura /mvuɾa/ | madzi /madzi/ | maji /madʒi/ | meenda /meːnda/ | madzi /madzi/ |
| Feuer | moto /moto/ | moto /moto/ | muriro /muɾiɾo/ | moto /moto/ | moto /moto/ | mulilo /mulilo/ | moto /moto/ |
| Sonne | zuva /zuva/ | zuva /zuva/ | zuva /zuva/ | dzuwa /dzuwa/ | zuŵa /zuβa/ | zuba /zuba/ | dzuwa /dzuwa/ |
| Mond | mwedzi /mwedzi/ | mwedzi /mwedzi/ | mwedzi /mwedzi/ | mwedzi /mwedzi/ | mwezi /mwezi/ | mwezi /mwezi/ | mwezi /mwezi/ |
| Stern | nyeredzi /ɲeredzi/ | nyeredzi /ɲeredzi/ | nyeredzi /ɲeredzi/ | nyenyezi /ɲeɲezi/ | nyenyezi /ɲeɲezi/ | nyenyezi /ɲeˈɲezi/ | nyenyezi /ɲeɲezi/ |
| Nacht | usiku /usiku/ | usiku /usiku/ | usiku /usiku/ | usiku /usiku/ | usiku /usiku/ | busiku /busiku/ | usiku /usiku/ |
| Regen | mvura /mvura/ | mvura /mvura/ | mvura /mvura/ | mvura /mvura/ | vula /ˈvula/ | imvula /imvula/ | mvula /ˈmvula/ |
| Wind | mhepo /mʰepo/ | mhepo /ˈmʱepo/ | mhepo /mʰepo/ | mphepo /mpʰepo/ | mphepo /ˈmpʰepo/ | muwo /muwo/ | mphepo /ˈmpʰepo/ |
| Erde | ivhu /iβu/ | ivhu /iβu/ | ivhu /ivu/ | mataka /mataka/ | dongo /doŋɡo/ | bulongo /buloŋɡo/ | dothi /ˈdotʰi/ |
| Stein | ibwe /iɓwe/ | ibwe /iˈɓwe/ | buwe /buwe/ | mwala /mwala/ | libwe /liˈɓwe/ | ibbwe /iˈbwe/ | mwala /ˈmwala/ |
| Berg | gomo /ɡomo/ | gomo /ˈɡomo/ | mutunhu /mutunʰu/ | phiri /pʰiri/ | phiri /pʰiɾi/ | cilundu /tʃilundu/ | phiri /ˈpʰiɾi/ |
| Meer | gungwa /ɡuŋɡwa/ | gungwa /ɡuŋɡwa/ | ruandhle /ruandɮe/ | bara /bara/ | nyanja /ɲandʒa/ | lwaanje /lwaːndʒe/ | nyanja /ɲandʒa/ |
| Mutter | amai /amai/ | amai /amai/ | amai /amai/ | mai /mai/ | amama /amama/ | bama /bama/ | amayi /amaji/ |
| Vater | baba /baba/ | baba /baba/ | baba /baba/ | baba /baba/ | adada /adada/ | bataata /bataːta/ | abambo /abambo/ |
| Tochter | mukunda /mukunda/ | mwanasikana /mwanasikana/ | mwanasikana /mwanasikana/ | mwana wankazi /mwana wankazi/ | mwana msungwana /mwana msuŋɡwana/ | mwana musimbi /mwana musimbi/ | mwana wamkazi /mwana wamkazi/ |
| Ich | ini /ini/ | ini /ini/ | ini /ini/ | ine /ine/ | ine /ine/ | ime /ime/ | ine /ine/ |
| Du | iwe /iwe/ | iwe /iwe/ | iwe /iwe/ | iwe /iwe/ | iwe /iwe/ | iwe /iwe/ | iwe /iwe/ |
| Wir | isu /isu/ | isu /isu/ | isusu /isusu/ | ife /ife/ | ise /ise/ | iswe /iswe/ | ife /ife/ |
| Name | zita /zita/ | zita /zita/ | zina /zina/ | dzina /dzina/ | zina /zina/ | izina /iˈziːna/ | dzina /dzina/ |
| Mensch | munhu /munʱu/ | munhu /muˈnʱu/ | munhu /munʰu/ | munthu /muntʰu/ | munthu /muntʰu/ | muntu /muntu/ | munthu /muntʰu/ |
| Kopf | musoro /musoro/ | musoro /musoro/ | soro /soro/ | nsolo /nsolo/ | mutu /mutu/ | mutwe /mutwe/ | mutu /mutu/ |
| Auge | ziso /ziso/ | ziso /ziso/ | dziso /dziso/ | diso /diso/ | jiso /dʒiso/ | liso /liso/ | diso /diso/ |
| Ohr | nzeve /nzeve/ | nzeve /nzeβe/ | nzee /nzee/ | khutu /kʰutu/ | khutu /kʰutu/ | kutwi /kutwi/ | khutu /kʰutu/ |
| Nase | mhino /mʱino/ | mhino /mʱino/ | miro /miro/ | mphuno /mpʰuno/ | mphuno /mpʰuno/ | impemo /impemo/ | mphuno /mˈpʰuno/ |
| Mund | muromo /muromo/ | muromo /muˈromo/ | muromo /muromo/ | nkanwa /nkanwa/ | mlomo /m̩lomo/ | kanwa /kanwa/ | kamwa /ˈkamʷa/ |
| Zahn | zino /zino/ | zino /zino/ | zino /zino/ | dzino /dzino/ | jino /dʒino/ | linyo /liɲo/ | dzino /dzino/ |
| Zunge | rurimi /rurimi/ | rurimi /rurimi/ | rurumi /ɾuɾumi/ | lirimi /lirimi/ | lulimi /lulimi/ | mulaka /mulaka/ | lilime /lilime/ |
| Hand | ruoko /ɾwoko/ | ruoko /rwoko/ | nyara /ɲara/ | nkono /nkono/ | woko /woko/ | kuboko /kuboko/ | dzanja /dzandʒa/ |
| Herz | mwoyo /mwojo/ | mwoyo /mwojo/ | mwoyo /mwojo/ | ntima /ntima/ | mtima /m̩tima/ | moyo /mojo/ | mtima /mtima/ |
| Knochen | godo /ɡodo/ | pfupa /pfupa/ | godo /ɡodo/ | gogodo /ɡoɡodo/ | chiwangwa /tʃiwaŋɡwa/ | ifuwa /ifuwa/ | fupa /fupa/ |
| Blut | ropa /ropa/ | ropa /ropa/ | ngazi /ŋɡazi/ | malopa /malopa/ | ndopa /ndopa/ | bulowa /bulowa/ | magazi /maɡazi/ |
| Kacke | tsvina /tsvina/ | tsvina /tsvina/ | matuzvi /matuzvi/ | matubzwi /matubzwi/ | mavi /mavi/ | tubi /tubi/ | matuvi /matuvi/ |
| Liebe | rudo /ɾudo/ | rudo /rudo/ | rudo /ɾudo/ | kufuna /kufuna/ | kutemwa /kutemwa/ | luyando /lujando/ | chikondi /tʃikondi/ |
| Baum | muti /muti/ | muti /muti/ | muti /muti/ | muti /muti/ | khuni /kʰuni/ | cisamu /tʃisamu/ | mtengo /mteŋɡo/ |
| Hund | mbwa /mbwa/ | imbwa /imbwa/ | imbwa /imbwa/ | mbwa /mbwa/ | ncheŵe /ntʃeβe/ | muvwa /muvwa/ | galu /ɡalu/ |
| Katze | katsi /katsi/ | katsi /katsi/ | kiti /kiti/ | paka /paka/ | chona /tʃona/ | kaaze /kaːze/ | mphaka /mpʰaka/ |
| Fisch | hove /hove/ | hove /hove/ | hove /hove/ | omba /omba/ | somba /somba/ | inswi /inswi/ | nsomba /nsomba/ |
| Vogel | shiri /ʃiri/ | shiri /ʃiri/ | shiri /ʃiri/ | mbalame /mbalame/ | chiyuni /tʃijuni/ | kayuni /kajuni/ | mbalame /mɓaˈlame/ |
| Ei | zai /zai/ | zai /zai/ | zanda /zanda/ | dzai /dzai/ | sumbi /sumbi/ | iji /idʒi/ | dzira /dzira/ |
| Pferd | bhiza /biza/ | bhiza /biza/ | hachi /hatʃi/ | kavalo /kavalo/ | hachi /hatʃi/ | ibbiza /iˈbiza/ | hatchi /hatʃʰi/ |
| Haus | mhatso /mhatso/ | imba /imba/ | mhatso /mʰatso/ | nyumba /ɲumba/ | nyumba /ɲumba/ | ngʼanda /ŋanda/ | nyumba /ɲumba/ |
| Milch | mukaka /mukaka/ | mukaka /mukaka/ | mukaka /mukaka/ | nkaka /nkaka/ | mkaka /m̩kaka/ | mukupa /mukupa/ | mkaka /m̩kaka/ |
| Honig | uchi /utʃi/ | uchi /utʃi/ | uchi /utʃi/ | uci /utʃi/ | uchi /utʃi/ | buci /butʃi/ | uchi /utʃi/ |
| Salz | munyu /muɲu/ | munyu /muɲu/ | munyu /muɲu/ | munyu /muɲu/ | mchere /m̩tʃere/ | munyo /muɲo/ | mchere /mtʃere/ |
| Wein | waini /waini/ | waini /waini/ | vhini /vini/ | vinyu /viɲu/ | vinyo /viɲo/ | waini /waini/ | vinyo /viɲo/ |
| Reis | mupunga /mupuŋɡa/ | mupunga /mupuŋɡa/ | mupunga /mupuŋɡa/ | mpunga /mpuŋɡa/ | mpunga /mpuŋɡa/ | mupunga /mupuŋɡa/ | mpunga /mpuŋɡa/ |
| Eisen | simbi /simbi/ | simbi /ˈsimbi/ | simbi /simbi/ | utale /utale/ | chisulo /tʃiˈsulo/ | butale /butale/ | chitsulo /tʃiˈtsulo/ |
| Rad | vhiri /βiri/ | vhiri /viri/ | vhiri /viɾi/ | roda /roda/ | khwiro /kʰwiro/ | ivwili /iˈvwili/ | gudumu /ɡudumu/ |
| Seide | siriki /siriki/ | sirika /sirika/ | sirika /siɾika/ | seda /seda/ | siliki /siliki/ | — | silika /silika/ |
| Buch | bhuku /buku/ | bhuku /ˈɓuku/ | tsamba /tsamba/ | bukhu /bukʰu/ | buku /buku/ | ibbuku /iˈbuku/ | buku /ˈbuku/ |
| Essen | kudya /kudʒa/ | kudya /kudja/ | kudya /kudʒa/ | kudya /kudja/ | kurya /kuɾja/ | kulya /kulja/ | kudya /kudja/ |
| Trinken | kumwa /kumwa/ | kunwa /kunwa/ | kumwa /kumwa/ | kumwa /kumwa/ | kumwa /kumwa/ | kunywa /kuɲwa/ | kumwa /kumwa/ |
| Schlafen | rara /ˈraɾa/ | kurara /kuˈrara/ | kuata /kuata/ | kugona /kuɡona/ | kugona /kuˈɡona/ | koona /koːna/ | kugona /kuˈɡona/ |
| Eins | rimwe /ɾimwe/ | potsi /potsi/ | chimwe /tʃimwe/ | posi /posi/ | chimoza /tʃimoza/ | mwi /mwi/ | chimodzi /tʃimodzi/ |
| Zwei | piri /piri/ | piri /piri/ | piri /piɾi/ | piŵiri /piwiri/ | viŵiri /viβiɾi/ | bili /bili/ | awiri /awiri/ |
| Drei | tatu /tatu/ | tatu /tatu/ | tatu /tatu/ | pitatu /pitatu/ | vitatu /vitatu/ | totatwe /totatwe/ | zitatu /zitatu/ |
| Vier | ina /ina/ | ina /ina/ | rongomuna /ɾoŋɡomuna/ | pinai /pinai/ | vinayi /vinaji/ | ne /ne/ | zinayi /zinaji/ |
| Fünf | shanu /ʃanu/ | shanu /ʃanu/ | shanu /ʃanu/ | xanu /ʃanu/ | vinkhonde /viŋkʰonde/ | musanu /musanu/ | sanu /sanu/ |
| Hundert | zana /zana/ | zana /zana/ | zana /zana/ | dzana /dzana/ | zana /zana/ | mwaanda /mwaːnda/ | zana /zana/ |
| Hallo | makadii /makadiː/ | mhoro /mʱoro/ | mhoroi /mʰoɾoji/ | mwadzukabwanji /mwadzukabwandʒi/ | monire /moniɾe/ | mwabuka buti /mwabuka buti/ | moni /moni/ |
| Danke | mazviita /mazviita/ | maita /maita/ | ndatenda /ndatenda/ | ndatenda /ndatenda/ | yewo /jewo/ | twalumba /twalumba/ | zikomo /zikomo/ |
| Gut | kunaka /kunaka/ | chakanaka /tʃakanaka/ | kanaka /kanaka/ | nadidi /nadidi/ | chiweme /tʃiweme/ | kabotu /kabotu/ | chabwino /tʃabwino/ |
| Neu | itsva /itsva/ | itsva /itsva/ | tsva /tsva/ | ipsa /ipsa/ | chiphya /tʃipʰja/ | pya /pja/ | chatsopano /tʃatsopano/ |
| Rot | tsvuku /tsvuku/ | tsvuku /tsvuku/ | tsvuku /tsvuku/ | funga /funɡa/ | swesi /swesi/ | subila /subila/ | chofiira /tʃofiːra/ |
| Weiß | chena /tʃena/ | chena /tʃena/ | chena /tʃena/ | cena /tʃena/ | tuŵa /tuβa/ | salala /salala/ | yoyera /joˈjeɾa/ |
| Schwarz | tema /tema/ | tema /tema/ | svipa /svipa/ | psipa /psipa/ | fipa /fipa/ | siya /sija/ | chakuda /tʃakuda/ |
| 99 | makumi mapfumbamwe namapfumbamwe /makumi mapfumbamwe namapfumbamwe/ | makumi mapfumbamwe nepfumbamwe /makumi mapfumbamwe nepfumbamwe/ | makumi mapfumbamwe nepfumbamwe /makumi mapfumbamwe nepfumbamwe/ | makumapfemba na mapfemba /makumapfemba na mapfemba/ | makhumi ghankhonde na ghanayi na vinkhonde na vinayi /makʰumi ɣaŋkʰonde na ɣanaji na viŋkʰonde na vinaji/ | makumi aali fuka afuka /makumi aːli fuka afuka/ | makumi asanu ndi anayi mphambu zisanu ndi zinayi /makumi asanu ndi anaji mpʰambu zisanu ndi zinaji/ |
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