Early Moderne English
Frühneuenglisch
Indogermanisch (Germanisch, West-, Anglisch) · historische / verborgene Varietät
Frühneuenglisch (ca. 1500-1700) ist die pädagogische Rekonstruktion des Englischen von Shakespeares First Folio (1623), der King-James-Bibel (1611), von Marlowe, Donne, Jonson und Milton. Es unterscheidet sich vom Mittelenglischen (enm) durch die Große Vokalverschiebung (im Gange), den Verlust der meisten Flexionen, die feste SVO-Wortstellung und die Standardisierung nach Caxtons Druckerpresse (1476). Die Ausspracherekonstruktionen folgen David Crystals Arbeit zur Original Pronunciation (OP), die von Shakespeare's Globe Theatre verwendet wird: lange /aː oː/ teilweise verschoben, /iː uː/ werden zu Diphthongen, Zustand vor der FOOT-STRUT-Spaltung („sun" = /sʊn/), rhotisches /r/ in allen Positionen, /eː/ für modernes /iː/ in „meat/sea". Es ist die Form, die weltweit im Unterricht zum Lesen von Shakespeare und der KJV gelehrt wird — verschieden von jeder einzelnen regionalen Volkssprache des 17. Jahrhunderts, die zwischen London, den Midlands und dem West Country enorm variierte.
Wo die Sprache gesprochen wird
Frühneuenglisch: 87 Kernwörter
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Wörter im Vergleich
Verglichen mit verwandten Sprachen: Indogermanisch (Germanisch, West-, Anglisch)
| Bedeutung | Frühneuenglisch | Geordie | Yorkshire-Englisch | Irisches Englisch | Schottisches Englisch | Scots | Walisisches Englisch |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wasser | water /ˈwætər/ | water /ˈwɔːtɐ/ | water /ˈwɔːtə/ | water /ˈwɑːtəɹ/ | water /ˈwɔːtəɹ/ | watter /ˈwɑtəɹ/ | water /ˈwɔːtə/ |
| Feuer | fyre /fəir/ | fire /faɪə/ | fire /faɪə/ | fire /fɑɪəɹ/ | fire /faɪɹ/ | fire /fəiɹ/ | fire /faɪə/ |
| Sonne | sunne /sʊn/ | sun /sʊn/ | sun /sʊn/ | sun /sʊn/ | sun /sʌn/ | sun /sʌn/ | sun /sʌn/ |
| Mond | moone /muːn/ | moon /muːn/ | moon /muːn/ | moon /muːn/ | moon /muːn/ | muin /mɪn/ | moon /muːn/ |
| Stern | star /staːɹ/ | star /staː/ | star /staː/ | star /stɑːɹ/ | star /staɾ/ | starn /stɑrn/ | star /staː/ |
| Nacht | night /naɪt/ | night /naɪt/ | night /naɪt/ | night /naɪt/ | night /nəɪt/ | nicht /nɪçt/ | night /naɪt/ |
| Regen | rain /reːn/ | rain /ɹeːn/ | rain /ɹeɪn/ | rain /ɾeːn/ | rain /ren/ | rain /ren/ | rain /ɾeɪn/ |
| Schnee | snow /snoː/ | snow /snəʊ/ | snow /snəʊ/ | snow /snəʊ/ | snow /snəʊ/ | snaw /snɑː/ | snow /snoʊ/ |
| Wind | wind /wɪnd/ | wind /wɪnd/ | wind /wɪnd/ | wind /wɪnd/ | wind /wɪnd/ | wind /wɪn/ | wind /wɪnd/ |
| Erde | earth /ɛːrθ/ | earth /ɜːθ/ | earth /ɜːθ/ | earth /ɜːɹθ/ | earth /ɛɹθ/ | yird /jɪrd/ | earth /ɜːθ/ |
| Stein | stone /stoːn/ | stone /stɔːn/ | stone /stoːn/ | stone /stoʊn/ | stone /stoːn/ | stane /steːn/ | stone /stoːn/ |
| Berg | mountaine /ˈməuntɪn/ | mountain /ˈmuːntɪn/ | mountain /ˈmaʊntɪn/ | mountain /ˈmaʊntən/ | mountain /ˈmʌuntɪn/ | mountain /ˈmʌntən/ | mountain /ˈmaʊntɪn/ |
| Meer | sea /seː/ | sea /siː/ | sea /siː/ | sea /siː/ | sea /siː/ | sea /siː/ | sea /siː/ |
| Mutter | mother /ˈmʊðər/ | mother /ˈmʊðɐ/ | mother /ˈmʊðə/ | mother /ˈmʊðəɹ/ | mother /ˈmʌðəɹ/ | mither /ˈmɪðəɹ/ | mother /ˈmʌðə/ |
| Vater | father /ˈfɑːðər/ | father /ˈfaːðɐ/ | father /ˈfɑːðə/ | father /ˈfɑːðəɹ/ | father /ˈfaðəɹ/ | faither /ˈfeðəɹ/ | father /ˈfɑːðə/ |
| Tochter | daughter /ˈdɔːtər/ | daughter /ˈdɔːtɐ/ | daughter /ˈdɔːtə/ | daughter /ˈdɒːtəɹ/ | daughter /ˈdɔːtəɹ/ | dochter /ˈdɔxtəɹ/ | daughter /ˈdɔːtə/ |
| Ich | I /əi/ | I /aɪ/ | I /aː/ | I /ɑɪ/ | I /ʌi/ | A /ə/ | I /aɪ/ |
| Du | thou /ðou/ | you /juː/ | you /juː/ | you /juː/ | you /juː/ | ye /ji/ | you /juː/ |
| Wir | we /wiː/ | we /wiː/ | we /wiː/ | we /wiː/ | we /wiː/ | we /wiː/ | we /wiː/ |
| Name | name /neːm/ | name /neːm/ | name /neːm/ | name /neːm/ | name /nem/ | name /neːm/ | name /neːm/ |
| Mensch | person /ˈpɛrsən/ | person /ˈpɜːsən/ | person /ˈpɜːsən/ | person /ˈpɜːɹsən/ | person /ˈpɛɹsən/ | body /ˈbʌdi/ | person /ˈpɜːsən/ |
| Kopf | head /hɛd/ | head /hɛd/ | head /hɛd/ | head /hɛd/ | head /hɛd/ | heid /hid/ | head /hɛd/ |
| Auge | eye /əi/ | eye /aɪ/ | eye /aɪ/ | eye /ɑɪ/ | eye /aɪ/ | ee /iː/ | eye /aɪ/ |
| Ohr | ear /eːr/ | ear /ɪə/ | ear /ɪɹ/ | ear /iːɹ/ | ear /ir/ | lug /lʌɡ/ | ear /iːə/ |
| Nase | nose /noːz/ | nose /niəz/ | nose /noʊz/ | nose /noːz/ | nose /noz/ | neb /nɛb/ | nose /noʊz/ |
| Mund | mouth /muːθ/ | mouth /muːθ/ | mouth /maʊθ/ | mouth /maʊθ/ | mouth /mʌuθ/ | mooth /muθ/ | mouth /maʊθ/ |
| Zahn | tooth /tʊθ/ | tooth /tʊθ/ | tooth /tʊθ/ | tooth /tuːθ/ | tooth /tuːθ/ | tuith /tʏθ/ | tooth /tuːθ/ |
| Zunge | tongue /tʊŋ/ | tongue /tʊŋ/ | tongue /tʊŋ/ | tongue /tʌŋ/ | tongue /tʌŋ/ | tung /tʌŋ/ | tongue /tʌŋ/ |
| Hand | hand /hand/ | hand /hand/ | hand /and/ | hand /hand/ | hand /hand/ | haund /hɑːnd/ | hand /hand/ |
| Fuß | foot /fʊt/ | foot /fʊt/ | foot /fʊt/ | foot /fʊt/ | foot /fʊt/ | fit /fɪt/ | foot /fʊt/ |
| Herz | heart /hɛrt/ | heart /haːt/ | heart /hɑːt/ | heart /hɑːɹt/ | heart /haɾt/ | hert /hɛɹt/ | heart /haːt/ |
| Knochen | bone /boːn/ | bone /bɔːn/ | bone /boːn/ | bone /boʊn/ | bone /boːn/ | bane /beːn/ | bone /boːn/ |
| Blut | blood /bluːd/ | blood /blʊd/ | blood /blʊd/ | blood /blʌd/ | blood /blʌd/ | bluid /blʏd/ | blood /blʌd/ |
| Kacke | turd /tɜːrd/ | poo /puː/ | poo /puː/ | poo /puː/ | poo /puː/ | keech /kiːtʃ/ | poo /puː/ |
| Liebe | loue /lʊv/ | love /lʊv/ | love /lʊv/ | love /lʊv/ | love /lʌv/ | luve /lʌv/ | love /lʌv/ |
| Baum | tree /triː/ | tree /tɹiː/ | tree /tɹiː/ | tree /tɹiː/ | tree /tɹiː/ | tree /triː/ | tree /tɹiː/ |
| Hund | dogge /dɔɡ/ | dog /dɒɡ/ | dog /dɒɡ/ | dog /dɒɡ/ | dog /dɔɡ/ | dug /dʌɡ/ | dog /dɒɡ/ |
| Katze | cat /kat/ | cat /kat/ | cat /kat/ | cat /kat/ | cat /kat/ | cat /kat/ | cat /kʰat/ |
| Fisch | fish /fɪʃ/ | fish /fɪʃ/ | fish /fɪʃ/ | fish /fɪʃ/ | fish /fɪʃ/ | fish /fɪʃ/ | fish /fɪʃ/ |
| Vogel | bird /bɪrd/ | bird /bɜːd/ | bird /bɜːd/ | bird /bɜːd/ | bird /bɝd/ | bird /bɪrd/ | bird /bɜːd/ |
| Schmetterling | butterfly /ˈbʊtərfləi/ | butterfly /ˈbʊtəflaɪ/ | butterfly /ˈbʊtəflaɪ/ | butterfly /ˈbʊtəɹflaɪ/ | butterfly /ˈbʌtəɹflaɪ/ | butterflee /ˈbʌtərfliː/ | butterfly /ˈbʌtəflaɪ/ |
| Ei | egge /ɛɡ/ | egg /ɛɡ/ | egg /ɛɡ/ | egg /ɛɡ/ | egg /ɛɡ/ | egg /ɛɡ/ | egg /ɛɡ/ |
| Bär | bear /beːr/ | bear /bɛə/ | bear /bɛə/ | bear /bɛɹ/ | bear /bɛɹ/ | beir /biːɹ/ | bear /bɛː/ |
| Pferd | horse /hɔrs/ | horse /hɔːs/ | horse /ɔːs/ | horse /hɔɹs/ | horse /hɔɾs/ | horse /hɔrs/ | horse /hɔːs/ |
| Haus | house /huːs/ | house /huːs/ | house /aʊs/ | house /haʊs/ | house /hʌus/ | hoose /huːs/ | house /haʊs/ |
| Milch | milk /mɪlk/ | milk /mɪlk/ | milk /mɪlk/ | milk /mɪlk/ | milk /mɪlk/ | milk /mɪlk/ | milk /mɪlk/ |
| Honig | honey /ˈhʊni/ | honey /ˈhʊni/ | honey /ˈhʊni/ | honey /ˈhʌni/ | honey /ˈhʌni/ | hinnie /ˈhɪni/ | honey /ˈhʌni/ |
| Salz | salt /salt/ | salt /sɔːlt/ | salt /sɔːlt/ | salt /sɒlt/ | salt /sɔlt/ | saut /sɑːt/ | salt /sɔːlt/ |
| Wein | wine /wəin/ | wine /waɪn/ | wine /waɪn/ | wine /waɪn/ | wine /waɪn/ | wine /wəin/ | wine /waɪn/ |
| Reis | rice /rəis/ | rice /ɹaɪs/ | rice /ɹaɪs/ | rice /ɹaɪs/ | rice /ɹəɪs/ | rice /rəis/ | rice /ɹaɪs/ |
| Schokolade | chocolate | chocolate /ˈtʃɒklət/ | chocolate /ˈtʃɒklət/ | chocolate /ˈtʃɒklət/ | chocolate /ˈtʃɔklət/ | chocolate /ˈtʃɔkəlɪt/ | chocolate /ˈtʃɒklət/ |
| Eisen | iron /ˈəirən/ | iron /ˈaɪən/ | iron /ˈaɪən/ | iron /ˈɑɪəɹn/ | iron /aɪɹn/ | airn /ɛɹn/ | iron /ˈaɪən/ |
| Rad | wheel /ʍiːl/ | wheel /wiːl/ | wheel /wiːl/ | wheel /ʍiːl/ | wheel /ʍiːl/ | wheel /ʍiːl/ | wheel /wiːl/ |
| Seide | silke /sɪlk/ | silk /sɪlk/ | silk /sɪlk/ | silk /sɪlk/ | silk /sɪlk/ | silk /sɪlk/ | silk /sɪlk/ |
| Buch | booke /buːk/ | book /bʊk/ | book /bʊk/ | book /bʊk/ | book /bʊk/ | buik /bjʌk/ | book /bʊk/ |
| Essen | eate /eːt/ | eat /iːt/ | eat /iːt/ | eat /iːt/ | eat /iːt/ | eat /iːt/ | eat /iːt/ |
| Trinken | drinke /driŋk/ | drink /dɹɪŋk/ | drink /dɹɪŋk/ | drink /dɹɪŋk/ | drink /dɹɪŋk/ | drink /drɪŋk/ | drink /dɹɪŋk/ |
| Schlafen | sleepe /sliːp/ | sleep /sliːp/ | sleep /sliːp/ | sleep /sliːp/ | sleep /sliːp/ | sleep /sliːp/ | sleep /sliːp/ |
| Eins | one /oːn/ | one /wʊn/ | one /wɒn/ | one /wʊn/ | one /wʌn/ | ane /en/ | one /wʌn/ |
| Zwei | two /tuː/ | two /tuː/ | two /tuː/ | two /tˠuː/ | two /tuː/ | twa /twɑː/ | two /tuː/ |
| Drei | three /θriː/ | three /θɹiː/ | three /θɹiː/ | three /θɹiː/ | three /θɹiː/ | three /θriː/ | three /θɹiː/ |
| Vier | four /foːr/ | four /fɔː/ | four /fɔː/ | four /foːɹ/ | four /foɾ/ | fower /ˈfʌuər/ | four /fɔː/ |
| Fünf | fiue /fəiv/ | five /faɪv/ | five /faɪv/ | five /faɪv/ | five /faɪv/ | five /fəiv/ | five /faɪv/ |
| Hundert | hundred /ˈhʊndrəd/ | hundred /ˈhʊndɹəd/ | hundred /ˈhʊndɹəd/ | hundred /ˈhʌndɹəd/ | hundred /ˈhʌndɹəd/ | hunner /ˈhʌnər/ | hundred /ˈhʌndɾəd/ |
| Hallo | good den /ɡuːd dɛn/ | hello /həˈloː/ | ey up /eɪ ʊp/ | hello /hɛˈloː/ | hello /hɛˈlo/ | hullo /hʌˈlo/ | hello /həˈləʊ/ |
| Danke | gramercy /ɡraˈmɛrsi/ | thanks /θaŋks/ | ta /tɑː/ | thanks /taŋks/ | thanks /θaŋks/ | thanks /θaŋks/ | thanks /θaŋks/ |
| Gut | good /ɡʊːd/ | good /ɡʊd/ | good /ɡʊd/ | good /ɡʊd/ | good /ɡʊd/ | guid /ɡɪd/ | good /ɡʊd/ |
| Neu | new /nɪu̯/ | new /njuː/ | new /njuː/ | new /njuː/ | new /njuː/ | new /njuː/ | new /nɪʊ/ |
| Rot | red /rɛd/ | red /ɹɛd/ | red /rɛd/ | red /ɹɛd/ | red /ɹɛd/ | reid /rid/ | red /ɾɛd/ |
| Weiß | white /ʍəit/ | white /waɪt/ | white /waɪt/ | white /ʍaɪt/ | white /waɪt/ | white /ʍəit/ | white /waɪt/ |
| Schwarz | black /blak/ | black /blak/ | black /blak/ | black /blak/ | black /blak/ | black /blak/ | black /blak/ |
| Grün | greene /ɡriːn/ | green /ɡɹiːn/ | green /ɡɹiːn/ | green /ɡɹiːn/ | green /ɡɹiːn/ | green /ɡriːn/ | green /ɡɾiːn/ |
| Blau | blew /bljuː/ | blue /bluː/ | blue /bluː/ | blue /bluː/ | blue /bluː/ | blue /bluː/ | blue /blɪʊ/ |
| Kuckuck | cuckoo /ˈkʊkuː/ | cuckoo /ˈkʊkuː/ | cuckoo /ˈkʊkuː/ | cuckoo /ˈkʊkuː/ | cuckoo /ˈkʊkuː/ | gowk /ɡʌuk/ | cuckoo /ˈkʊkuː/ |
| Wau wau | bowgh-wawgh | woof /wʊf/ | woof /wʊf/ | woof /wʊf/ | woof /wʊf/ | wowff /wʌuf/ | woof /wʊf/ |
| Kikeriki | cockadidle-dowe /kɒk ə ˈdɪdəl doː/ | cock-a-doodle-doo /ˌkɒkəduːdlˈduː/ | cock-a-doodle-doo /ˌkɒkəduːdlˈduː/ | cock-a-doodle-doo /ˌkɒkəduːdlˈduː/ | cock-a-doodle-doo /ˌkɔkəduːdlˈduː/ | cockieleerie | cock-a-doodle-doo /ˌkɒkəduːdlˈduː/ |
| Computer | computer /kɔmˈpiu̯tər/ | computer /kəmˈpjuːtə/ | computer /kəmˈpjuːtə/ | computer /kəmˈpjuːtəɾ/ | computer /kəmˈpjutər/ | computer /kəmˈpjutər/ | computer /kəmˈpɪʊtə/ |
| Sushi | stockfish /ˈstɒkfɪʃ/ | sushi /ˈsuːʃi/ | sushi /ˈsuːʃɪ/ | sushi /ˈsuːʃiː/ | sushi /ˈsʉʃi/ | sushi | sushi /ˈsuːʃi/ |
| Tee | tee | tea /tiː/ | tea /tiː/ | tea /tiː/ | tea /tiː/ | tea /tiː/ | tea /tiː/ |
| Kaffee | coffee | coffee /ˈkɒfi/ | coffee /ˈkɒfi/ | coffee /ˈkɒfi/ | coffee /ˈkɔfi/ | coffee /ˈkɔfi/ | coffee /ˈkɒfi/ |
| Zucker | sugar | sugar /ˈʃʊɡɐ/ | sugar /ˈʃʊɡə/ | sugar /ˈʃʊɡəɹ/ | sugar /ˈʃʊɡəɹ/ | shuggar /ˈʃʌɡər/ | sugar /ˈʃʊɡə/ |
| Orange | orange /ˈɒrɪndʒ/ | orange /ˈɒɹɪndʒ/ | orange /ˈɒrɪndʒ/ | orange /ˈɒɹɪndʒ/ | orange /ˈɔrɪndʒ/ | orange /ˈɔrɪndʒ/ | orange /ˈɒɾɪndʒ/ |
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