Wixárika niukieya
Huichol
Uto-Aztekisch
Das Wixárika (Huichol, autonym Wixárika niukieya) ist eine uto-aztekische Sprache des Corachol-Unterzweigs, die von rund 50.000 Menschen im Hochland der Sierra Madre Occidental im Westen Mexikos (Jalisco, Nayarit, Durango, Zacatecas) gesprochen wird. Die Wixárika sind berühmt für ihre aufwendig bewahrte indigene Religion, die sich um Peyote-Pilgerfahrten zum heiligen Ort Wirikuta in San Luis Potosí dreht — eine der am besten dokumentierten überlebenden nichtchristlichen indigenen religiösen Traditionen Mesoamerikas. Sprachlich ist das Wixárika am engsten mit dem Cora (crn) verwandt — seiner Corachol-Schwestersprache —, unterscheidet sich aber deutlich von den nahuanischen Sprachen (Nahuatl-Varietäten nci, nch, nhe usw.) und den numischen Sprachen (Comanche, Shoshone, Paiute), die die nördlichen Arme des Uto-Aztekischen einnehmen. Die Sprache ist für eine indigene Sprache Mexikos ungewöhnlich lebendig, mit intakter Weitergabe an die Kinder und aktivem Gebrauch in der Gemeinschaft auf Märkten, bei Zeremonien und Pilgerfahrten.
Wo die Sprache gesprochen wird
Huichol: 87 Kernwörter
computadora
nauka tewiyari heimana tamamata heimana ʼatanauka
nauka tewijari heimana tamamata heimana ʔatanauka
Quellen
Wörter im Vergleich
Verglichen mit verwandten Sprachen: Uto-Aztekisch
| Bedeutung | Huichol | Cora | Uruto-aztekisch | Pipil | Tarahumara | Zentrales Huasteka-Nahuatl | Westliches Huasteka-Nahuatl |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wasser | ha /ha/ | hapɨn /hapɨn/ | *paʔ /paʔ/ | at /at/ | bawí /bawi/ | atl /atɬ/ | atl /atɬ/ |
| Feuer | tai /tai/ | taʼai /taʔai/ | *na- /na/ | tit /tit/ | nahí /nahi/ | tlitl /tɬitɬ/ | tlitl /tɬitɬ/ |
| Sonne | tau /tau/ | tahaapuá /tahaːpwa/ | *ta /ta/ | tunal /tunal/ | rayó /ɾajo/ | tonati /tonati/ | tonati /tonati/ |
| Mond | metsa /metsa/ | mɨhka /mɨhka/ | *mɨca /mɨca/ | metzti /meːtsti/ | mecá /metʃa/ | metztli /metstɬi/ | metztli /metstɬi/ |
| Stern | xurawe /ʃuˈrawe/ | sɨɨrabe /sɨːˈrabe/ | — /—/ | sital /ˈsital/ | sopolí /sopoli/ | sitlalij /siˈtɬalih/ | sitlali /siˈtɬali/ |
| Nacht | tikari /tikari/ | tika /tika/ | *tuku /tuku/ | tayua /tajuwa/ | rokó /roko/ | youali /jowali/ | yohuali /jowali/ |
| Regen | wiyeri /wijeri/ | biite /biːte/ | *yuku /juku/ | kiawit /kiawit/ | ukuí /ukui/ | kiyawit /kiˈjawit/ | quiyahuitl /kijawitɬ/ |
| Schnee | ʼɨwi /ʔɨwi/ | seeri /seːɾi/ | — | — | kiparí /kipaɾi/ | sital set /sital set/ | sitlal setl /sitɬal setɬ/ |
| Wind | ʼeeka /ʔeːka/ | eeca /eːka/ | *hɨka /hɨka/ | ejekat /eˈhekat/ | eká /eka/ | ajakatl /ahakatɬ/ | ajacatl /ahakatɬ/ |
| Erde | kwie /kʷie/ | chuej /tʃweh/ | — | tal /ˈtaːl/ | weʼé /weʔe/ | tlali /tɬali/ | tlali /tɬali/ |
| Stein | tete /tete/ | teté /teˈte/ | *tɨn /tɨn/ | tet /tet/ | rité /ɾite/ | tetl /tetɬ/ | tetl /teːtɬ/ |
| Berg | yemuri /jemuri/ | jɨrí /hɨˈri/ | *yohawi /johawi/ | tepet /ˈtepet/ | rabó /ɾabo/ | tepetl /ˈtepeːtɬ/ | tepetl /ˈtepeːtɬ/ |
| Meer | haramara /haramara/ | muájete /mwaˈhete/ | *mɨma /mɨma/ | — | mar /maɾ/ | hueyatl /ˈwejatɬ/ | hueyatl /ˈwejatɬ/ |
| Mutter | nana /nana/ | naana /naːna/ | — /—/ | nan /nan/ | iyé /ije/ | nana /nana/ | nana /nana/ |
| Vater | yawe /jawe/ | hahuá /hahwa/ | *owa /owa/ | tat /tat/ | onó /ono/ | tata /tata/ | tata /tata/ |
| Ich | nee /neː/ | neʼu /ˈneʔu/ | *nɨ /nɨ/ | naja /ˈnaha/ | nejé /nehe/ | na /na/ | na /na/ |
| Du | eekɨ /ˈeːkɨ/ | aʼu /ˈaʔu/ | *ʔɨ /ʔɨ/ | taja /ˈtaha/ | mujé /muhe/ | ta /ta/ | ta /ta/ |
| Wir | tame /ˈtame/ | ta /ta/ | — /—/ | tejemet /teˈhemet/ | tamujé /tamuhe/ | tojuanti /tohˈwanti/ | tojuanti /toˈhwanti/ |
| Name | tewa /ˈtewa/ | yeuwa /ˈjeuwa/ | *tewa /tewa/ | tukay /ˈtukaj/ | riwá /ɾiwa/ | tocaxtli /toˈkaʃtɬi/ | tocaitl /toˈkaitɬ/ |
| Mensch | tewi /tewi/ | tebi /tebi/ | *takaC /takaC/ | takat /ˈtakat/ | pagótami /paɡotami/ | masehuali /maseˈwali/ | masehuali /maseˈwali/ |
| Kopf | muʼú /muˈʔu/ | muʼú /muˈʔu/ | *moʔo /moʔo/ | tzuntekun /tsuntekun/ | moʼó /moʔo/ | tzontecomitl /tsonteˈkomitɬ/ | tzontecomitl /tsonteˈkomitɬ/ |
| Auge | tukite /tukite/ | húi /hwi/ | *pusi /pusi/ | ish /iʃ/ | pusí /pusi/ | ixtioli /iʃtioli/ | ixteyol /iʃtejol/ |
| Ohr | naka /naka/ | naxai /naʃai/ | *naka /naka/ | nakas /nakas/ | naká /naka/ | nacastli /nakastɬi/ | nacastli /nakastɬi/ |
| Nase | tsuri /tsuɾi/ | tzúʼuri /ˈtsuʔuri/ | *yaka /jaka/ | yak /jak/ | aká /aka/ | yakatsoli /jakatsoli/ | yacatl /jakatɬ/ |
| Mund | téni /teni/ | teni /teni/ | *tɨʔni /tɨʔni/ | ten /ten/ | riní /ɾini/ | camactli /kaˈmaktɬi/ | camactli /kaˈmaktɬi/ |
| Zahn | tame /tame/ | tame /tame/ | *tama /tama/ | tan /tan/ | ramé /rame/ | tlankoch /tɬankotʃ/ | tlancochtli /tɬankotʃtɬi/ |
| Zunge | neni /neni/ | nanu /nanu/ | *nene /nene/ | nenepil /nenepil/ | chamerawa /tʃamerawa/ | nenepili /nenepili/ | nenepil /nenepil/ |
| Hand | mama /mama/ | mam /mam/ | *maʔ /maʔ/ | mey /mei/ | sekuá /sekwa/ | maitl /maitɬ/ | maitl /maitɬ/ |
| Fuß | keta /keta/ | ɨɨka /ɨːka/ | *tala /tala/ | ikshi /ikʃi/ | ronó /ɾono/ | icxitl /ikʃitɬ/ | icxitl /ikʃitɬ/ |
| Herz | iyari /ijari/ | hɨurí /hɨuri/ | *sula /sula/ | yulu /julu/ | surí /suɾi/ | yolotl /jolotɬ/ | yolotl /jolotɬ/ |
| Knochen | ume /ume/ | ɨka /ɨka/ | *ohomï-ta /ohomɨta/ | umit /umit/ | ochí /otʃi/ | omitl /omitɬ/ | omitl /omitɬ/ |
| Blut | xuriya /ʃuɾija/ | xuuri /ʃuːɾi/ | *ɨtwa /ɨtwa/ | esti /esti/ | wichirá /witʃiɾa/ | estli /estɬi/ | estli /estɬi/ |
| Kacke | kwita /kʷita/ | — | *kwittaC /kwittaC/ | kwitat /kʷitat/ | witá /wita/ | cuitlatl /ˈkʷitɬatɬ/ | cuitlatl /ˈkʷitɬatɬ/ |
| Liebe | kanenki /kanenki/ | kaʼna /kaʔna/ | — /—/ | tasujta /tasuhta/ | nakí /naki/ | tlazohtla /tɬasoʔtɬa/ | tlasojtla /tɬasohtɬa/ |
| Baum | kiyé /kije/ | kɨré /kɨre/ | *kut /kut/ | kwawit /kʷawit/ | gokó /ɡoko/ | cuahuitl /kʷawitɬ/ | cuahuitl /kʷawitɬ/ |
| Hund | tsïkï /tsɨkɨ/ | tsɨʼɨ /tsɨʔɨ/ | *woci /woci/ | pelu /peːlu/ | kochí /kotʃi/ | chichi /tʃitʃi/ | chichi /tʃitʃi/ |
| Katze | mitsu /mitsu/ | mistú /mistu/ | — /—/ | mistun /mistuːŋ/ | misí /misi/ | misto /misto/ | mizton /miston/ |
| Fisch | kesi /kesi/ | sasa /sasa/ | *paki /paki/ | michin /mitʃin/ | rochi /rotʃi/ | michi /mitʃi/ | michi /mitʃi/ |
| Vogel | wiki /wiki/ | pinaʼa /ˈpinaʔa/ | — | tutut /tutut/ | chulugí /tʃuluɡi/ | tototl /tototɬ/ | tototl /tototɬ/ |
| Schmetterling | kipï /kipɨ/ | átzipaʼu /ˈatsipaʔu/ | — | papalut /papalut/ | nakarópari /nakaropari/ | papalotl /paˈpalotɬ/ | papalotl /paˈpalotɬ/ |
| Ei | tawári /taˈwaɾi/ | taʼu /taʔu/ | — | teksisti /teksisti/ | kaʼwá /kaʔwa/ | tejsistli /tehsistɬi/ | tecsistli /teksistɬi/ |
| Bär | hutse /hutse/ | juutzeʼe /huːtseʔe/ | — | tekwani metzkujkutu /teːˈkʷani metskuhkutu/ | — | oso /oso/ | oso /oso/ |
| Pferd | kawayu /kawaju/ | cahuaáyuʼu /kawaˈajuʔu/ | — | cahuayoh /kaˈwajuh/ | kawé /kawe/ | kauayoj /kaˈwajoh/ | cahuayo /kaˈwajo/ |
| Haus | ki /ki/ | kíh /kih/ | *ki /ki/ | kal /kal/ | kalí /kali/ | kali /kali/ | cali /kali/ |
| Milch | retsi /ɾetsi/ | léechi /ˈleːtʃi/ | — | — | — | lechi /letʃi/ | lechi /letʃi/ |
| Honig | xiete /ʃiete/ | sarate /saɾate/ | — | nekti /nekti/ | amoo /amoo/ | necti /nekti/ | nectli /nektɬi/ |
| Salz | ʼuna /ʔuna/ | unáj /unah/ | *ona /ona/ | istat /istat/ | koná /kona/ | istatl /istatɬ/ | istatl /istatɬ/ |
| Wein | winuyari /winujaɾi/ | viinu /ˈbiːnu/ | — | — | — | xocomeca at /ʃokomeka at/ | xocomeca atl /ʃokomeka atɬ/ |
| Eisen | tepɨa /tepɨa/ | tepuústiʼi /tepuːstiʔi/ | — | tepusti /tepusti/ | jiyero /hijeɾo/ | tepostli /tepostɬi/ | tepostli /tepostɬi/ |
| Seide | tsera /tsera/ | — | — | — | — | seda /ˈseda/ | seda /ˈseda/ |
| Buch | xapa /ʃapa/ | liibru /ˈliːbɾu/ | — | amat /amat/ | libro /libɾo/ | amochtli /aˈmotʃtɬi/ | libro /ˈlibro/ |
| Essen | kuye /kuje/ | kuá /kwa/ | *kwaʔa /kwaʔa/ | takwa /takwa/ | koʼa /koʔa/ | tlacua /tɬakʷa/ | tlacua /tɬakʷa/ |
| Trinken | hiʼeka /hiʔeka/ | hiʼi /hiʔi/ | *hiʔpa /hiʔpa/ | ati /ati/ | bahí /bahi/ | atli /atɬi/ | atli /atɬi/ |
| Schlafen | kutsu /kutsu/ | cutzú /kuˈtsu/ | *koci /koci/ | kuchi /ˈkutʃi/ | kochí /kotʃi/ | cochi /ˈkotʃi/ | cochi /ˈkotʃi/ |
| Eins | xevi /ʃevi/ | cei /tsei/ | *sɨmɨ /sɨmɨ/ | se /se/ | bilé /bile/ | ce /se/ | se /se/ |
| Zwei | huta /huˈta/ | huapoa /waˈpoa/ | *wo /wo/ | ume /ˈume/ | okuá /okwa/ | ome /ˈome/ | ome /ˈome/ |
| Drei | haika /haika/ | waika /waika/ | *pahi /pahi/ | yey /jej/ | bakiá /bakia/ | eyi /ejiː/ | eyi /ejiː/ |
| Vier | nauka /nauka/ | muaacua /mwaːkwa/ | *na-wakay /nawakaj/ | nawi /naːwi/ | naó /nao/ | nahui /naːwi/ | nahui /nawi/ |
| Fünf | auxɨwi /auʃɨwi/ | ansɨbi /ansɨbi/ | *cipo /cipo/ | makwil /maˈkʷil/ | marí /maˈɾi/ | makuili /maˈkʷili/ | macuili /maˈkʷili/ |
| Hundert | xeitsienituyari /ʃeitsienitujari/ | anxɨ́te /anˈʃɨte/ | — | tzunti /tsunti/ | siénto /ˈsjento/ | cien /sjen/ | cien /sjen/ |
| Hallo | kekuanenki /kekwanenki/ | keʼkuanenki /keʔkwanenki/ | — /—/ | ne pakua /ne pakwa/ | kuira /kuiɾa/ | niltze /niltse/ | niltze /niltse/ |
| Danke | paʼiwakaitsie /paʔiwakaitsje/ | atsipiraá /atsipiraː/ | — /—/ | padiush /padjuʃ/ | matéterabá /mateteɾaba/ | tlaskamati /tɬaskamati/ | tlascamati /tɬaskamati/ |
| Gut | waxa /waʃa/ | huáʼi /hwaʔi/ | — /—/ | yek /jeːk/ | galá /ɡala/ | kuali /kʷali/ | cuali /kʷali/ |
| Neu | hekwa /hekʷa/ | jéjcua /ˈhehkwa/ | *pɨtuwa /pɨtuwa/ | yankwik /jaŋkʷik/ | bukulíwami /bukuliwami/ | yancuic /ˈjankʷik/ | yancuic /ˈjankʷik/ |
| Rot | +aurawi /ʔaurawi/ | sabí /saˈbi/ | — /—/ | chiltik /tʃiltik/ | sitákame /siˈtakame/ | chichiltik /tʃitʃiltik/ | chichiltic /tʃitʃiltik/ |
| Weiß | tuxame /tuʃame/ | cuaiina /kʷaiˈina/ | *tosa /tosa/ | istak /istak/ | rosá /rosa/ | istak /istak/ | chipahuac /tʃipawak/ |
| Schwarz | yɨwime /jɨwime/ | súʼumuaraʼa /suʔumwaɾaʔa/ | *tuku /tuku/ | tiltik /tiltik/ | chókami /tʃokami/ | yayahuic /jaˈjawik/ | yayahuic /jaˈjawik/ |
| Grün | siïraïyeme /siɨraɨjeme/ | jamuámua /haˈmwamwa/ | — | shushuwik /ʃuʃuwik/ | siyóname /siˈjoname/ | xoxohuic /ʃoˈʃowik/ | xoxohuic /ʃoˈʃowik/ |
| Blau | yuawime /juawime/ | — | — | — | siyóname /siˈjoname/ | azultic /aˈsultik/ | azultic /aˈsultik/ |
| Computer | computadora | — | — | computadora | — | computadora /komputaˈdora/ | — |
| Orange | naraacáxi /naɾaːˈkaʃi/ | — | — | — | — | lalax /ˈlalaːʃ/ | lalax /ˈlalaːʃ/ |
| 99 | nauka tewiyari heimana tamamata heimana ʼatanauka /nauka tewijari heimana tamamata heimana ʔatanauka/ | — | — | — | — | — | — |
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